ASTM D7069-04
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Ground-water Sampling Event
Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Ground-water Sampling Event
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among sampling locations and events.
This guide should be used by a professional or technician who has training or experience in ground-water sampling.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during the sampling of a ground-water monitoring well. QA is any action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met by following standards and procedures. Following QA practices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory requirements.
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word "standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation:D7069–04
Standard Guide for
Field Quality Assurance in a Ground-water Sampling Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5903 GuideforPlanningandPreparingforaGroundwater
Sampling Event
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Ground-Water Sampling
that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during
Event
the sampling of a ground-water monitoring well. QA is any
D6452 Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for
action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met
Ground-Water Quality Investigations
by following standards and procedures. Following QA prac-
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Ground-Water
tices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated
Samples
in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Ground-Water Samples
to follow additional or different QApractices from those listed
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality
Used at Waste Sites
objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory require-
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
ments.
Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field
and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this speci-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fication, refer to Terminology D653.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Note that
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
these are basic definitions. Information on the purposes of the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
various QA samples is provided in section 5.
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and
3.2.1 quality assurance (QA)—actions taken to ensure that
performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot
standards and procedures are adhered to and that delivered
replace education or experience and should be used in con-
products or services meet performance requirements (reference
junction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures
1).
are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
3.2.2 Field Duplicates—a set of samples that are collected
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
close in time and space and in a manner so that the samples are
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
thought to be representative of the ambient water composition
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
at the time of collection.
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the
3.2.3 Field Split Samples —samples obtained by dividing
title of this document means only that the document has been
one sample into two or more subsamples either before or after
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
sample preservation and are subject to identical handling and
2. Referenced Documents analysis.
3.2.4 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—laboratory water that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is exposed to the same environmental conditions as the
samples.
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
3.2.5 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—deionized water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
that is passed sequentially through each component of the
Vadose Zone Investigations.
equipment system used for collecting and processing the
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. DOI: 10.1520/
D7069-04.
environmental samples.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7069–04
3.2.6 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—laboratory-grade water 5.1.3 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—This type of QA
that is poured into the sample bottle at the laboratory prior to sample is a container of laboratory water which is opened in
the sampling event and remains unopened as is travels with the the field to expose the water to field conditions during
sample containers to the field and is stored and shipped with sampling. This QAsample is used to determine contamination
the samples. of samples from atmospheric conditions during sampling. The
3.2.7 Microbiological Blank or Sterile Container Blank— lid is also removed to add the same preservatives found in the
deionized water in a sterile container that is taken to the field ground-water samples. Some QA programs may also require
and opened prior to being shipped to the laboratory with the the field blank be passed through the sampling equipment.
other ground-water samples.
5.1.4 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—This type of QA
3.2.8 Temperature Blank or Temperature Control—
sample is a container of laboratory water that is passed through
containerized water that is kept with the samples from the time
each piece of sampling equipment after it has been decontami-
ofcollectionuntilthesamplesarerefrigeratedatthelaboratory.
nated. The number of equipment blanks is determined by the
3.2.9 Matrix Spike—a ground-water sample to which a
types and amount of sampling equipment used in the ground-
spike solution of known concentrations of selected analytes is
water sampling trip. The exact number of equipment blanks
added either in the field or in the laboratory.
and the procedure for collecting the equipment blank(s) should
be specified in the SAP. Equipment blank results indicate if the
4. Significance and Use
contaminants have been introduced to the samples by the
4.1 Field QAdemonstrates the effectiveness of field quality
transfer of residuals on the sampling equipment between
control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of
sampling locations due to incomplete decontamination. Equip-
statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and
ment blanks are not required if dedicated or disposable
in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent
sampling equipment is used.
procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among
5.1.5 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—Trip blanks are prepared
sampling locations and events.
and sealed in the laboratory prior to the sampling event. These
4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or techni-
blanks contain laboratory water with preservatives as required.
cian who has training or experience in ground-water sampling.
Theblanksarenotunsealeduntiltheyarereadytobeanalyzed.
Trip blanks accompany the other sample containers throughout
5. Procedure
the sampling event including transport to and storage at the
5.1 Field QA Samples. There are several types of QA
laboratory. Results of trip blank analyses indicate contamina-
samplesincludingduplicates,blanks,temperaturecontrols,and
tion that may have been introduced by the sample container or
matrix spikes. The numbers and types of QA samples to be
during sample handling, shipment, or storage.
collected should be specified in the Sampling and Analysis
5.1.6 Microbiological Blank or Sterile Container Blank—
Plan (SAP). QA samples that are collected from monitoring
This blank is used whe
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