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ASTM D6837-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine

Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty 3856 kg (8500 lb) or less gross vehicle weight trucks. The tests are conducted using a specified 4.6-L spark-ignition engine on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multiviscosity grade oils used in these applications.
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of an abbreviated length test that is referred to as the VIBSJ. The procedure for VIBSJ is identical to the Sequence VIB with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A13. The procedure modifications listed in refer to the corresponding section of the Sequence VIB test method.
1.3 The unit values stated in this test method shall be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. SI units are considered the primary units for this test method. The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and so forth.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:SubjectSectionIntroductionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Test Method4Significance and Use5Apparatus6General6.1Test Engine Configuration6.2Laboratory Ambient Conditions6.3Engine Speed and Load Control6.4Dynamometer6.4.1Dynamometer Load6.4.2Engine Cooling System6.5External Oil System6.6Fuel System6.7Fuel Flow Measurement6.7.2Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter6.7.3Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail6.7.4Fuel Supply Pumps6.7.5Fuel Filtering6.7.6Engine Intake Air Supply6.8Intake Air Humidity6.8.1Intake Air Filtration6.8.2Intake Air Pressure Relief6.8.3Temperature Measurement6.9Thermocouple Location6.9.5AFR Determination6.10Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems6.11Exhaust Manifolds6.11.1Laboratory Exhaust System6.11.2Exhaust Back Pressure6.11.3Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations6.12Engine Oil6.12.2Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter6.12.3Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail6.12.4Exhaust Back Pressure6.12.5Intake Air6.12.6Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure6.12.7Coolant Flow Differential Pressure6.12.8Crankcase Pressure6.12.9Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus6.13Test Engine Configuration6.13.1ECM/EEC (Engine Control) Module6.13.2Thermostat/Orfice Plate6.13.3Intake Manifold6.13.4Flywheel6.13.5Wiring Harnesses6.13.6EGR Block-Off Plate6.13.7Oil Pan6.13.8Oil Pump Screen and Pickup Tube6.13.9Idle Speed Control Solenoid (ISC) Block-Off Plate6.13.10Engine Water Pump6.13.11Thermostat Housing6.13.12Oil Filter Adapter6.13.13Fuel Rail6.13.14Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation6.14Timing Light6.14.1Reagents and Materials7Engine Oil7.1Test Fuel7.2Engine Coolant7.3Cleaning Materials7.4Preparation of Apparatus8Test Stand Preparation8.2Engine Preparation9Cleaning of Engine Parts9.2Engine Assembly Procedure9.3General Assembly Instructions9.3.1Bolt Torque Specifications9.3.2Sealing Compounds9.3.3Harmonic Balancer9.3.5Oil Pan9.3.6Intake Manifold9.3.7Camshaft Covers9.3.8Thermostat9.3.9Thermostat Housing9.3.10Coolant Inlet9.3.11Oil Filter Adapter9.3.12Dipstick Tube9.3.13Water Pump9.3.14Sensors, Switches, Valves and Positioners9.3.15Ignition System9.3.16Fuel Injection System9.3.17Intake Air System9.3.18Engine Management System (Spark and Fuel Control)9.3.19Accessory Drive Units9.3.20Exhaust Manifolds9.3.21Engine Flywheel and Guards9.3.22Lifting of Assembled Engines9.3.23Engine Mounts9.3.24Calibration10Stand/Engine Calibration10.1Procedure10.1.1Reporting of Reference Results10.1.2Analysis of Reference/Calibration Oils10.1.3Instrument Calibration10.2Engine Loa...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
43.060.40 - Fuel systems
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6837-03 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8114-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7589-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8226-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIF Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM D6837-02 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition EngineASTM D6837-02 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine
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ASTM D6837-02 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6837 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on
the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks
,
1 2
in the Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The test method described in this standard can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without
3
outside assistance. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By this means,
the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC
services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the American Petroleum
Institute (API) imposes such a requirement, in connection with several U.S. Army engine lubricating
oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories, which utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories which choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test
method which refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method. Users of this test method
shall contact the TMC Attention: Administrator to obtain the most recent of these.
1. Scope procedure modifications listed in Annex A13 refer to the
corresponding section of the Sequence VIB test method.
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the
1.3 The unit values stated in this test method shall be
measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the
regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are
fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty 3856 kg (8500
provided for information purposes only. SI units are considered
lb) or less gross vehicle weight trucks. The tests are conducted
the primary units for this test method. The only exception is
using a specified 4.6-L spark-ignition engine on a dynamom-
where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads,
eter test stand. It applies to multiviscosity grade oils used in
national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and so forth.
these applications.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of an
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
abbreviated length test that is referred to as the VIBSJ. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
procedure for VIBSJ is identical to the Sequence VIB with the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A13. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Subject Section
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Introduction
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Scope 1
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published February 2003.
Referenced Documents 2
2
The multi-cylinder engine test sequences were originally developed in 1956 by Terminology 3
an ASTM Committee D02 group. Subsequently, the procedures were published in an Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
ASTM special technical publication. The Sequence VIB was published as Research
Apparatus 6
Report RR:D02:1469 dated April 8, 1999.
3
General 6.1
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.
Test Engine Configuration 6.2
For other information, refer to Research Report RR: D02:1469, Sequence VIB Test
Laboratory Ambient Conditions 6.3
Development. This research report and this test method are supplemented by
Engine Speed and Load Control 6.4
Information Letters and Memoranda issued by the ASTM TMC. This edition
Dynamometer 6.4.1
incorporates revisions in all Information Letters through No. 01-5.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6837–02
Subject Section Subject Section
Dynamometer Load 6.4.2 Fuel Injection System 9.3.17
Engine Cooling System 6.5 Intake Air System 9.3.18
External Oil System 6.6 Engine Management System (Spark and Fu
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, used engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. As in other low temperature rheological tests such as Test Methods D3829, D4684, and D5133, a preheating condition is required to ensure that all residual waxes are solubilized in the oil prior to the cooldown (that is, remove thermal memory). However, it is also known that highly sooted used diesel engine oils can experience a soot agglomerization phenomenon when heated under quiescent conditions. The current method uses a separate preheat and agitation step to break up any soot agglomerization that may have occurred prior to cooldown. The viscosity of highly sooted diesel engine oils as measured in this test method have been correlated to pressurization times in a motored engine test (1).4  
5.2 Cooling Profiles:  
5.2.1 For oils to be tested at –20 °C and –25 °C, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (2-7).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period of 43 h or 45 h to a final test temperature of –20 °C or –25 °C. The precision is stated for test temperatures –20 °C and –25 °C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s-1 to 15 s-1. This test method is suitable for measurement of viscosities ranging from 4000 mPa·s to >400 000 mPa·s, and is suitable for yield stress measurements of 7 Pa to >350 Pa.  
1.2 This test method is applicable for used diesel oils. The applicability and precision to other used or unused engine oils or to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to centiPoise (cP).  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6469-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides information addressing the conditions that lead to fuel microbial contamination and biodegradation and the general characteristics of and strategies for controlling microbial contamination. It compliments and amplifies information provided in Practice D4418 on handling gas-turbine fuels. More detailed information may be found in Guidelines for the Investigation of Microbial Content of Liquid Fuels and for the Implementation of Avoidance and Remedial Strategies, 3rd Ed.,10 ASTM Manual 47, and Passman, 2019.11  
5.2 This guide focuses on microbial contamination in refined petroleum products and product handling systems. Uncontrolled microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems remains a largely unrecognized but costly problem at all stages of the petroleum industry from crude oil production through fleet operations and consumer use. This guide introduces the fundamental concepts of fuel microbiology and biodeterioration control.  
5.3 This guide provides personnel who are responsible for fuel and fuel system stewardship with the background necessary to make informed decisions regarding the possible economic or safety, or both, impact of microbial contamination in their products or systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides personnel who have a limited microbiological background with an understanding of the symptoms, occurrence, and consequences of chronic microbial contamination. The guide also suggests means for detection and control of microbial contamination in fuels and fuel systems. This guide applies primarily to gasoline, aviation, boiler, industrial gas turbine, diesel, marine, furnace fuels and blend stocks (see Specifications D396, D910, D975, D1655, D2069, D2880, D3699, D4814, D6227, and D6751), and fuel systems. However, the principles discussed herein also apply generally to crude oil and all liquid petroleum fuels. ASTM Manual 472 provides a more detailed treatment of the concepts introduced in this guide; it also provides a compilation of all of the standards referenced herein that are not found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section Five on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.  
1.2 This guide is not a compilation of all of the concepts and terminology used by microbiologists, but it does provide a general understanding of microbial fuel contamination.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5275-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss for polymer-containing fluids resulting from polymer degradation in the high shear nozzle device. Minimum interference from thermal or oxidative effects are anticipated.  
4.2 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity loss in field service for different polymer classes or for different field equipment. Some correlation for a specific polymer type in specific field equipment can be possible.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the percent viscosity loss at 100 °C of polymer-containing fluids using fuel injector shear stability test (FISST) equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the nozzle.  
Note 1: Test Method D2603 has been used for similar evaluation of this property. It has many of the same limitations as indicated in the significance statement. No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results by the sonic and the diesel injector methods.
Note 2: This test method was originally published as Procedure B of Test Methods D3945. The FISST method was made a separate test method after tests of a series of polymer-containing fluids showed that Procedures A and B of Test Methods D3945 often give different results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—PSI is mentioned in parentheses for instruments that have only PSI gauges. Horsepower, HP, is listed in parentheses since the motor labels display this value.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1210-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
1.4 The guide is organized by habitat type, for example, small ponds and lakes, rivers and streams, and land. It considers the use of dispersants primarily to protect habitats from impact (or to minimize impacts).  
1.5 This guide applies only to freshwater and other inland environments. It does not consider the direct application of dispersants to subsurface waters.  
1.6 In making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.  
1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    4 pages
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