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ASTM A751-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products

Standard Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and practices cover definitions, reference methods, practices, and guides relating to the chemical analysis of steel, stainless steel, and related alloys. They include both wet chemical and instrumental techniques.  
1.2 Directions are provided for handling chemical requirements, product analyses, residual elements, and reference standards, and for the treatment and reporting of chemical analysis data.  
1.3 These test methods and practices apply only to those product standards which include these test methods and practices, or parts thereof, as a requirement.  
1.4 In cases of conflict, the product specification requirements shall take precedence over the requirements of these test methods and practices.  
1.5 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2021
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.13 - Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes
Current Stage
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A751 − 21
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Thesetestmethodsandpracticeswerepreparedtoanswertheneedforasingledocumentthatwould
include all aspects of obtaining and reporting the chemical analysis of steel, stainless steel, and related
alloys. Such subjects as definitions of terms and product (check) analysis variations (tolerances)
required clarification. Requirements for sampling, meeting specified limits, and treatment of data
usually were not clearly established in product specifications.
It is intended that these test methods and practices will contain all requirements for the
determination of chemical composition of steel, stainless steel, or related alloys so that product
specifications will need contain only special modifications and exceptions.
1. Scope* 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 These test methods and practices cover definitions,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
reference methods, practices, and guides relating to the chemi-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cal analysis of steel, stainless steel, and related alloys. They
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
include both wet chemical and instrumental techniques.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Directions are provided for handling chemical
requirements, product analyses, residual elements, and refer-
2. Referenced Documents
ence standards, and for the treatment and reporting of chemical
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
analysis data.
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
1.3 These test methods and practices apply only to those
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
product standards which include these test methods and
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
practices, or parts thereof, as a requirement.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
1.4 In cases of conflict, the product specification require-
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
ments shall take precedence over the requirements of these test
Related Materials
methods and practices.
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
1.5 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may
Materials by Spectrophotometry
be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
E322 Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and
laboratories.
Cast Irons byWavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
3
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Spectrometry (Withdrawn 2021)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Wrought Iron
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E352 TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofToolSteelsand
1
These test methods and practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commit-
2
tee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and are the direct responsibility For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods of Steel Products and Processes. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A751 – 20. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/A0751-21. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A751 − 21
Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E353 Tes
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A751 − 20 A751 − 21
Standard Test Methods and Practices for
1
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
These test methods and practices were prepared to answer the need for a single document that would
include all aspects of obtaining and reporting the chemical analysis of steel, stainless steel, and related
alloys. Such subjects as definitions of terms and product (check) analysis variations (tolerances)
required clarification. Requirements for sampling, meeting specified limits, and treatment of data
usually were not clearly established in product specifications.
It is intended that these test methods and practices will contain all requirements for the
determination of chemical composition of steel, stainless steel, or related alloys so that product
specifications will need contain only special modifications and exceptions.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods and practices cover definitions, reference methods, practices, and guides relating to the chemical analysis
of steel, stainless steel, and related alloys. They include both wet chemical and instrumental techniques.
1.2 Directions are provided for handling chemical requirements, product analyses, residual elements, and reference standards, and
for the treatment and reporting of chemical analysis data.
1.3 These test methods and practices apply only to those product standards which include these test methods and practices, or parts
thereof, as a requirement.
1.4 In cases of conflict, the product specification requirements shall take precedence over the requirements of these test methods
and practices.
1.5 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing
laboratories.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
These test methods and practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2020November 2021. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20142020
as A751 – 14a.A751 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/A0751-20.10.1520/A0751-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A751 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E322 Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels and Cast Irons by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence
3
Spectrometry (Withdrawn 2021)
E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought
Iron
E352 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron
Alloys
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, El
...

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
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Phosphorus  
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Silicon  
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Tantalum  
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Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
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10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of beryllium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
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Sections  
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SCOPE
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1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.  
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.  
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5.2 This test method is applicable to chill cast specimens as defined in Practice B953 and can also be applied to other types of samples provided that suitable reference materials are available.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of magnesium and its alloys by atomic emission spectrometry. The magnesium specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a chill cast disk, casting, sheet, plate, extrusion or some other wrought form or shape. The elements covered in the scope of this method are listed in the table below.    
Element  
Mass Fraction Range (Wt %)  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 12.0  
Beryllium  
0.0001 to 0.01  
Boron  
0.0001 to 0.01  
Cadmium  
0.0001 to 0.05  
Calcium  
0.0005 to 0.05  
Cerium  
0.01 to 3.0  
Chromium  
0.0002 to 0.005  
Copper  
0.001 to 0.05  
Dysprosium  
0.01 to 1.0  
Erbium  
0.01 to 1.0  
Gadolinium  
0.01 to 3.0  
Iron  
0.001 to 0.06  
Lanthanum  
0.01 to 1.5  
Lead  
0.005 to 0.1  
Lithium  
0.001 to 0.05  
Manganese  
0.001 to 2.0  
Neodymium  
0.01 to 3.0  
Nickel  
0.0005 to 0.05  
Phosphorus  
0.0002 to 0.01  
Praseodymium  
0.01 to 0.5  
Samarium  
0.01 to 1.0  
Silicon  
0.002 to 5.0  
Silver  
0.001 to 0.2  
Sodium  
0.0005 to 0.01  
Strontium  
0.01 to 4.0  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.05  
Titanium  
0.001 to 0.02  
Yttrium  
0.02 to 7.0  
Ytterbium  
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Zinc  
0.001 to 10.0  
Zirconium  
0.001 to 1.0
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all those who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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0.05 max  
Silicon  
0.015 max  
Tin  
0.002 max  
Titanium  
0.02 max  
Zirconium  
0.02 max  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Included are procedures for elements in the following composition ranges:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Cadmium  
0.0016–0.025  
Cerium  
0.005–0.10  
Iron  
0.0015–0.10  
Lanthanum  
0.009–0.10  
Lead  
0.002–0.026  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1085-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape which enhances certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
Chromium  
0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6  
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may be used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3346-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction Instruments for use in Analyzing Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical measurement processes covered by this guide are used for determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials. A test method utilizing this guidance is used to test such materials, and also form the basis for quality assurance of these materials. Thus, it is economically and scientifically critical that these instruments be understood by the laboratories that use them.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this guide will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully, and safely. It is expected that any work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that the laboratory will prepare their own work procedures for any of the information described in this guide.  
5.4 This guide contains numerous references to “manufacturer’s recommendations”. The user of this guide is expected to refer to the instrument operation manual for the specific instrument being used or consult directly with the manufacturer to obtain instructions or recommendations.  
5.5 This guide stresses the conservation of certified reference materials (CRMs). CRMs should not be used for drift checks or conditioning measurments. Other materials should be developed and used for these operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for using Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction instruments to determine the mass fraction of the non-metallic elements Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials.  
1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions because of the differences among different manufacturer’s instruments. Laboratories should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the instrument.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 The information in this guide is contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Carbon/Sulfur by Combustion/Infrared Detection  
14 – 19  
Nitrogen/Oxygen by Inert Gas Fusion/Thermal Conductivity and Infrared Detection  
20 – 25  
Hydrogen by Inert Gas Fusion Instrumental Measurement and Hot Extraction/Various Detection Cell Technology  
26 – 31  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM G47-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Susceptibility to Stress-Corrosion Cracking of 2XXX and 7XXX Aluminum Alloy Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 3.5 % NaCl solution alternate immersion test provides a test environment for detecting materials that would be likely to be susceptible to SCC in natural outdoor environments, especially environments with marine influences.3,4,5 For determining actual serviceability of a material, other stress-corrosion tests should be performed in the intended service environment under conditions relating to the end use, including protective measures.  
4.2 Although this test method is intended for certain alloy types and for testing products primarily in the short-transverse stressing direction, this method is useful for some other types of alloys and stressing directions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for characterizing the resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of high-strength aluminum alloy wrought products for the guidance of those who perform stress-corrosion tests, for those who prepare stress-corrosion specifications, and for materials engineers.  
1.2 This test method covers method of sampling, type of specimen, specimen preparation, test environment, and method of exposure for determining the susceptibility to SCC of 2XXX (with 1.8 % to 7.0 % copper) and 7XXX (with 0.4 % to 2.8 % copper) aluminum alloy products, particularly when stressed in the short-transverse direction relative to the grain structure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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