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ASTM D5797-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition engines. discusses the significance of the properties specified. presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions-Annex A1, Annex 2, Annex 3, and Appendix X2 of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2006
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5797-96(2001) - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D5797-07 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7920-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Methanol (M99) and Methanol Fuel Blends (M10 to M99) by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006

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ASTM D5797-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesASTM D5797-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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ASTM D5797-06 - Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5797 – 06
Standard Specification for
Fuel Methanol (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
1
Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to
(Lamp Method)
85 volume % methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
for use in ground vehicles with automotive spark-ignition
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
engines. Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the prop-
and Related Products
erties specified.Appendix X2 presents the current status in the
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
development of a luminosity test procedure for M70-M85.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D2988 Test Methods for Water-Soluble Halide Ion in
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
only.
D3120 Test Method forTrace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
test method portions–Annex A1, Annex A2, Annex A3, and
lometry
Appendix X2 of this specification.This standard does not
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
Petroleum Products
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
Petroleum Products
use.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
2. Referenced Documents
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
,
23
D4307 PracticeforPreparationofLiquidBlendsforUseas
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Analytical Standards
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
Atmospheric Pressure
Response Factors
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
Fuel
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
Evaporation
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water 1 4
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
D4929 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chlo-
(Induction Period Method)
4
ride Content in Crude Oil
D872 Method of Test for Sulfonation Index of Road Tars
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
Spectroscopy
Subcommittee D02.A0 on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.
D5190 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
approved in 1995 as D5797–95. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as ucts (Automatic Method)
D5797–96(2001).
D5191 Test Method forVapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
2
Reference to the following documents is to be the latest issue unless otherwise
ucts (Mini Method)
specified.
3
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
the ASTM website.
4
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5797–06
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fuel Methanol (M70-M85)
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
A
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products Properties Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
E203 TestMethodforWaterUsingVolumetricKarlFischer
Methanol + higher alcohols, min, 84 80 70
volume%
Titration
Hydrocarbon/aliphatic
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
5.2 Existing methods allow the hydrogen content to be calculated from other parameters or determined by combustion techniques. The method specified provides a quick, simple, and more precise alternative to these methods.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g to 0.100 mg/g KOH.  
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5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
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1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The method used is a multidimensional gas chromatographic method using 1,2-dimethoxy ethane as the internal standard. The oxygenates that are analyzed are: methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-pentanol. Ethanol is usually not measured as a trace oxygenate since ethanol can be used as the main oxygenate compound in finished automotive spark-ignition fuels such as reformulated automotive spark-ignition fuels. The concentration range of the oxygenates covered in the ILS study was from 10 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg. In addition this method is also suitable for the measurement of the C5 isomeric alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol) present from the fermentation of ethanol.  
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Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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B  
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Gas Oils  
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C  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
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1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off