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ASTM E2013-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study

Standard Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function analysis of a building project or process.
1.2 This practice provides a system to identify unnecessary costs of a project.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1999
ICS
91.010.99 - Other aspects
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.81 - Building Economics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2013-06 - Standard Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM E2168-10(2023) - Standard Classification for Allowance, Contingency, and Reserve Sums in Building Construction Estimating
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM E1699-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and Processes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM E3035-15(2020) - Standard Classification for Facility Asset Component Tracking System (FACTS)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM E3008/E3008M-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Transportation Surface Elements—UNIFORMAT II
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM E2103/E2103M-19 - Standard Classification for Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999

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ASTM E2013-99 - Standard Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis StudyASTM E2013-99 - Standard Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study
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ASTM E2013-99 - Standard Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E2013–99
Standard Practice for
Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function
Analysis During Value Analysis Study
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 Function analysis helps design professionals justify the
value of their concepts. It also provides the owners/users/
1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function
stakeholders with a justification of their investments.
analysis of a building project or process.
1.2 This practice provides a system to identify unnecessary
5. Significance and Use
costs of a project.
5.1 This practice establishes a communication format
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
through which all owners/users/stakeholders can understand,
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
analyze, revise, and agree on the purposes of the project. This
information only.
practice presents a method by which owners’/users’/
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stakeholders’ needs and desires are compared to the cost to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
satisfy those needs and desires. This is done by identifying the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
low preference/high cost functions and high preference/low
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cost functions. These data will be used in the value analysis
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
study as a basis to create alternative solutions.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 This practice helps developers, owners, users, stake-
holders, planners, contractors, architects, engineers, value ana-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lysts,costprofessionals,andanyonewhoisresponsibleforthe
E 833 Terminology of Building Economics
budget, construction, maintenance, or operation of the project.
E 917 PracticeforMeasuringLife-CycleCostsofBuildings
5.3 A Practice E 1699 has been published. As part of the
and Building Systems
value analysis study, perform function analysis after the
E 1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related
collectionofrelevantinformationandpriortotheidentification
Sitework - UNIFORMAT II
of alternatives. FAST data helps the user identify the alterna-
E 1699 Practice for Performing Value Analysis (VA) of
tives that are highly valued with respect to their cost.
Buildings and Building Systems
6. Procedure
3. Terminology
6.1 Function analysis consists of five sequential steps: (1)
3.1 Definitions:
select a building component, (2) define the needs and desires
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
(functions), (3) classify functions, (4) allocate cost to each
Terminology E 833.
function, and (5) analyze the importance and expected “per-
4. Summary of Practice
formance level” of the functions.
6.2 Selection of a Building Component—For cost-
4.1 This practice provides an organized approach for deter-
effectiveness, select building components that offer a signifi-
mining the needs and desires of the owners/users/stakeholders
cant opportunity for improvement of performance, reduction in
during the Value Analysis (VA) of a project. These needs and
cost, or both.
desires are presented as functions of the project.
6.3 Definition of Needs and Desires (Functions)—Define
4.2 This practice establishes a logical procedure for allocat-
eachsignificantneedordesireoftheowners/users/stakeholders
ing cost to each function.
in two words using an active verb and a descriptive noun. The
two-word definitions are the functions of the project.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE-6onPerformance
6.4 Classification of Functions—Categorizethefunctionsof
of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
thebuildingcomponentasbasic(essentialtomeettheowners’/
Economics.
users’/stakeholders’ needs) or supporting (enhances the satis-
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published August 1999.
faction of the owners’/users’/stakeholders’ needs and desires).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2013–99
FIG. 1 Function Analysis Systems Technique (Technical FAST)
6.5 Distribution of Cost to Functions—Divide cost of each 6.6.2.2 There are four important concepts in a Technical
component into smaller sections based on the specific use of FAST diagram:
the project and distribute cost to each function.
1. 9How-Why9 Logic Questions
6.6 Analysis of Functions:
2. Scope Line
6.6.1 Analyze functions through a structured logical format
 Higher Order Function
called FunctionAnalysis Systems Technique (FAST). FAST is
 Basic Function
 Required Secondary Functions
a diagramming technique which specifically illustrates the
 Causative Function
relationships and interrelationships of all functions within a
specific project using a “How-Why” logic pattern. There are 3. Critical Functions
two FAST variations.
4. Supporting Functions
6.6.2 One variation, known as Technical FAST, develops a
 Design Objectives
critical path to define the basic needs of the project. This  All The Time Functions
 Caused-by/Same-time Functions
diagramhelpstheusercalculatetheratiooftotalcosttocritical
functions.
6.6.2.3 Function analysis requires analyzing why a function
6.6.2.1 Technical FAST diagramming is effective in a spe-
exists and how a function satisfies other functions to complete
cific situation or element within a project. The situation or
the link between them. This “How-Why” logic assures that all
element is an assembly or a portion of a construction design.
the required functions are listed in the FAST diagram.
Terms or functions are oriented to technical activities. A
6.6.2.4 Begin the Technical FAST diagramming with a
Technical FASTdiagram has a specific structural form (Fig. 1).
higher order function of the project and two scope lines. All
“FunctionAnalysis-The Stepping Stone to Good Value,” Snodgrass, Thomas J.
Certification Examination Guidelines, SAVE International, Northbrook, IL. and Kasi, Muthiah, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1983.
E2013–99
FIG. 2 Function Analysis System Technique (Task-Oriented FAST)
functions that the selected element fulfills are bounded by the becomes a required secondary function. Once the basic func-
two scope lines. The basic function is on the right of the tion is verified, the remaining required secondary functions are
left-handscopeline,andthehigherorderfunctionisontheleft. identified. This group makes up the critical functions.
The purpose of the element or project for which a FAST 6.6.2.6 The last group of functions is supporting functions.
diagram is developed is the higher order function. The rela- There are three types. The first type, “caused by”or“same
tionship between the higher order function and the basic time” functions, connects directly to a critical function. These
function is determined by asking “Why” the basic function functions result from the performance characteristics of par-
candidate performs as it does.The answer should be the higher ticular critical functions and act as modifiers. The second type,
order function. The logic check must be completed by asking “all the time functions,” modifies two or more of the critical
“How” the higher order function performs. The logical answer functions.Thethirdtype,“design objectives,”representsspeci-
must be the basic function candidate. It is still necessary to fications that are added to the design, often by the stakeholder
confirm the required secondary function to the left of the or group that is developing or operating the process.
right-hand scope line. When the “How” question is asked of 6.6.3 The second variation, known as Task-oriented FAST,
this function, the answer will be an outside function candidate. creates distinct functions for owners’/users’/stakeholders’ con-
The outside function is called the causative function, since it cerns and is always headed by four primary functions: (1)
really starts the critical functions. assure dependability, (2) assure convenience, (3) satisfy
6.6.2.5 Determining the basic function often requires select- owners/users/stakeholders, and (4) attract owners/users/
ing functions from the list of suggestions and applying the stakeholders.
“How” and “Why” questions. If the “Why” question is 6.6.3.1 The Task-oriented FAST diagram logically displays
answered by another identified function, that function is the the owners’/users’/stakeholders’ needs and desires (see Fig. 2).
next candidate for the basic function. The function to the right Task-oriented FAST diagramming is especially effective in the
E2013–99
planning or conceptual phase. Use conceptual layout and 6.6.6.3 Makes the element appear to be better in the opinion
building plans to develop these FAST diagrams. of the stakeholder, but not necessarily in the opinion of the
6.6.3.2 There are four parts to the Task-oriented FAST
designer. (Sometimes these opinions are reflected in the stan-
diagram: dards and specifications of a particular agency/owner.)
1. Task
6.6.7 Attract Owners/Users/Stakeholders—Any function
that attracts owners/users/stakeholders and has at least one of
2. Basic Functions
the following attributes:
 Primary
 Secondary
6.6.7.1 Emphasizes the visual aspect (sight) or other senses,
and
3. Supporting Functions
 Assure Dependability
6.6.7.2 Projects a favorable image (that is, trademarks or
 Assure Convenience
endorsement by public figures).
 Satisfy Owners/Users/Stakeholders
 Attract Owners/Users/Stakeholders
6.6.8 The fourth step is to classify the functions as primary,
secondary, or tertiary.
4. Classify Functions
 Primary
6.6.8.1 The link between the task and basic functions is the
 Secondary
sequence of the logical question “How-Why”. The “How-
 Tertiary
Why” concepts must work between the selected task and the
6.6.3.3 The first step is to determine the task. The task
primary basic functions. These primary basic functions are
satisfies the overall needs of the stakeholder. Establish a scope
interdependent and both are essential to the performance of the
line just to the right of the task. Functions that answer “why
task.
perform the task” lie outside of the scope.
6.6.8.2 Once the primary basic functions have been identi-
6.6.3.4 The second step is to separate the identified func-
fied, the question “How” can be asked of each of the primary
tions into basic and supporting functions. Basic functions are
basicfunctions.Functionsthatanswerthequestion“How”will
those which are essential to the performance of the task.
be found in the expanding branches. These are the secondary
Without the primary basic functions, the project or process will
basic functions. There must be two or more secondary basic
not work.
functions to justify branching from the primary function.
6.6.3.5 The third step is to group the remaining functions
6.6.8.3 In a similar manner, the secondary supporting func-
into the four primary supporting function groups. Supporting
tions branch to the right from the primary supporting functions
functions play an important role in a building. Structural
when the question “How” is applied.Again, there must be two
engineers, for instance, concentrate primarily on the basic
or more secondary functions to justify branching.
functions, with heavy emphasis on the primary supporting
function “Assure Dependability.” Mechanical engineers and
6.6.8.4 This rule also affects further branching off to the
electrical engineers pay more attention to the supporting
third (tertiary) level. Usually, the tertiary level completes the
function “Assure Convenience,” while architects’ ideas satisfy
branchingbasicfunctions.Theendofthebranchingisobtained
the basic and supporting functions “Satisfy Owners/Users/
when the hardware description or action is the noun of the
Stakeholders” and “Attract Owners/Users/Stakeholders.”
function.The branches must also satisfy the“Why” question in
6.6.4 Assure Dependability—Any function that assures de-
the opposite direction, that is, logic check.
pendability has at least one of the following attributes:
6.6.9 Cost Estimate:
6.6.4.1 Makes the elements of the project stronger or more
6.6.9.1 Obtain cost estimates for the proposed building
reliable or effective,
components and related sitework. Classification E 1557 pro-
6.6.4.2 Makes it safer to use,
vides a useful format for allocating cost to functions.
6.6.4.3 Lengthens the life of the parts or minimizes main-
6.6.10 Function Cost:
tenance cost, or both, and
6.6.10.1 Mostcomponentsofabuildinghavemorethanone
6.6.4.4 Protects the environment.
function to satisfy. Distribute cost of each component to each
6.6.5 Assure Convenience—Any function that assures con-
one of these functions, proportionate to their time cost. Use the
venience has at least one of the following attributes:
elemental format, UNIFORMAT II, for the development of
6.6.5.1 Modifies the basic function to make it convenient to
cost estimates.This expedites the completion of function costs.
use,
Allocate all life-cycle costs, including first cost, operation cost
6.6.5.2 Enhances spatial arrangements,
and maintenance cost.
6.6.5.3 Facilitates maintenance and repairs, and
6.6.10.2 Whencostisdistributedtoallfunctions,reviewthe
6.6.5.4 Furnishes instructions and directions to owners/
users/stakeholders. total distribution. In the Technical FAST, the ratio of total cost
6.6.6 Satisfy Owners/Users/Stakeholders—Any function to the cost of critical functions is called the value index. The
that satisfies owners/users/stakeholders has at least one of the value index varies from 1.5 to 6.0.As this ratio gets higher, the
following attributes: opportunity to reduce cost is higher for the selected compo-
6.6.6.1 Modifies the basic function to satisfy the individual nent. A value index of 1.5 means a very basic design with
desires, minimum cost of supporting functions. If most of the total cost
6.6.6.2 Makes the stakeholders’ life more pleasant; for is spent on critical functions, the value index is approximately
example, minimizes noise, and 1.5. The construction of a fast food restaurant, for example,
E2013–99
TABLE 1 Illustration of Cost Distribution TABLE 2 Illustrat
...

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1.9 The role and responsibilities of the BECxP as defined by this practice are not intended to supersede or otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifically for the parties responsible for the design and construction of a building or structure, nor the duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by applicable regulatory or statutory law.  
1.10 This practice is not intended to warrant or otherwise guarantee the as-built or in-service durability, or both, and performance of enclosure materials, components, systems, and assemblies.  
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to e...

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ASTM E2083-05(2016)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Building Construction Field Requirements, and Office Overhead & Profit

ABSTRACT
This standard covers a classification for field requirements, office overhead, and profit for use in construction estimating. This classification is common to all forms of construction, and its components are an integral part of any construction cost estimate. The classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, design, and construction phases of building. This standard also ensures consistency in the economic evaluation of construction work across time and from project to project, which enhances reporting at all stages in construction, from feasibility and planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal. This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction. Rather, the classification items are major, non-permanent, cost components common to all construction work. They perform the same function and provide for similar needs regardless of the design, specification, construction method, or materials used in the physical construction. The basis of classification and description of field requirements, description of office overhead and profit individual element are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a classification for field requirements, office overhead, and profit for use in construction estimating. This classification is common to all forms of construction, and its components are an integral part of any construction cost estimate. The classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, design, and construction phases of building. Used in conjunction with UNIFORMAT II and other elemental classifications, including Classification E2168, it also ensures consistency in the economic evaluation of construction work across time and from project to project. Through consistency in estimating and cost recording it enhances reporting at all stages in construction—from feasibility and planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal—and is a necessary part of the reporting process described in Practice E1804.  
1.2 This classification applies to all construction work.  
1.3 This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction (as defined and classified in Classification E1557). Rather, the classification items are major, non-permanent, cost components common to all construction work. They perform the same function and provide for similar needs regardless of the design, specification, construction method, or materials used in the physical construction.

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ASTM E1765-16(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of Investments Related to Projects, Products, and Processes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The AHP method allows you to generate a single measure of desirability for project/product/process alternatives with respect to multiple attributes (qualitative and quantitative). By contrast, life-cycle cost (Practice E917), net savings (Practice E1074), savings-to-investment ratio (Practice E964), internal rate-of-return (Practice E1057), and payback (Practice E1121) methods all require you to put a monetary value on benefits and costs in order to include them in a measure of project/product/process worth.  
5.2 Use AHP to evaluate a finite and generally small set of discrete and predetermined options or alternatives. Specific AHP applications are ranking and choosing among alternatives. For example, rank alternative building locations with AHP to see how they measure up to one another, or use AHP to choose among building materials to see which is best for your application.  
5.3 Use AHP if no single alternative exhibits the most preferred available value or performance for all attributes. This is often the result of an underlying trade-off relationship among attributes. An example is the trade-off between low desired energy costs and large glass window areas (which may raise heating and cooling costs while lowering lighting costs).  
5.4 Use AHP to evaluate alternatives whose attributes are not all measurable in the same units. Also use AHP when performance relative to some or all of the attributes is impractical, impossible, or too costly to measure. For example, while life-cycle costs are directly measured in monetary units, the number and size of offices are measured in other units, and the public image of a building may not be practically measurable in any unit. To help you choose among candidate buildings with these diverse attributes, use AHP to evaluate your alternatives.  
5.5 The AHP method is well-suited for application to a variety of sustainability-related topics. Guide E2432 states when applying the concept of sustainability, it is necessary ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating and interpreting AHP scores of a project’s/product’s/process’ total overall desirability when making capital investment decisions.3 Projects include design, construction, operation, and disposal of commercial and residential buildings and other engineered structures.4 Products include materials, components, systems, and equipment.5 Processes include procurement, materials management, work flow, fabrication and assembly, quality control, and services.  
1.2 In addition to monetary benefits and costs, the procedure allows for the consideration of characteristics or attributes which decision makers regard as important, but which are not readily expressed in monetary terms. Examples of such attributes that pertain to the selection among project/product/process alternatives are: a construction projects’s building alternatives whose nonmonetary attributes are location/accessibility, site security, maintainability, quality of the sound and visual environment, and image to the public and occupants; building products based on their economic and environmental performance; and sustainability-related issues for key construction processes that address environmental needs, while considering project safety, cost, and schedule.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E541-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in System Analysis and Compliance Assurance for Manufactured Building

ABSTRACT
This specification covers agencies engaged in system analysis and compliance assurance for manufactured building. The administrative agency may utilize the services and facilities of building-evaluation agencies in carrying out its responsibilities for evaluating manufactured building systems. By providing criteria for evaluating these agencies, this standard's objective is to (1) utilize the voluntary standards system to provide a common base for the various regulatory approaches employed by the authorities having jurisdiction, and (2) make provision for varying degrees of optional technical support for the certification of manufactured building. The system analysis agency is responsible for determining whether a building system, including the design, materials, and fabrication process, is in conformance with applicable requirements. The documents of the system analysis function are: product description document, compliance assurance manual, and installation documents. The general procedures for system analysis are presented in details. The tasks of system analysis project manager, technical staff evaluating building systems, technical staff evaluating compliance assurance manuals, and project manager evaluating building systems are presented in details. The requirements and criteria for compliance assurance agencies are presented. The task of compliance assurance agency project manager, technical staff preparing compliance assurance manuals, compliance assurance supervisor of inspection, and compliance assurance inspector are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the criteria for the administrative agency that has regulatory authority as granted by the authority having jurisdiction AHJ to evaluate the capabilities and qualifications of building evaluation agencies, that performs system analysis or compliance assurance or both for certification of manufactured building on behalf of an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) that meet the needs of regulatory programs. Administrative agencies and building evaluation agencies (third-party agencies) are the primary users of the standard.  
1.2 To establish an appropriate degree of intra- and inter-state credibility regarding building system evaluations made through governmental or private agencies, the authorities having jurisdiction should utilize an oversight and approval process for the building-evaluation agencies that provide the services of system analysis or compliance assurance on behalf of the AHJ that may include: approval by the AHJ for both oversight and or auditing of the regulatory body, or approval by the AHJ and oversight, and or auditing by an independent auditor for the regulatory body, or approval with the AHJ and oversight, and auditing by an independent accreditation agency.  
1.3 Building-evaluation agencies examined under this specification may include governmental or private agencies or both.  
1.4 Practice E651 may be used to support the evaluation of building-evaluation agencies. Other criteria such as independence, financial stability, and objectivity may need to be considered.  
Note 1: Practice E651 is intended as a companion standard to Specification E541 and includes questions that should be asked of system analysis and compliance assurance agencies in order for the administrative agency to evaluate their competency.  
1.5 These criteria set forth the minimum personnel requirements and the technical and organizational procedures required for building-evaluation agencies engaged in evaluating manufactured building.  
1.6 Criteria are included for building-evaluation agencies evaluating innovative as well as conventional building systems, against applicable requirements.  
1.7 Building-evaluation agencies involved in testing, quality assurance, and evaluating building components can be evaluated by using Specification E699.  
1.7.1 Specification E699 is used in conjunction with Specification E541 and P...

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ASTM E2947-21a(Guide)
Standard Guide for Building Enclosure Commissioning

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide provides recommendations for the enclosure commissioning process from its project planning through design, construction and occupancy and operation phases. This guide is intended for various building types. Although Practice E2813 defines two levels of enclosure commissioning, fundamental and enhanced, complex buildings and Owners seeking a higher level of assurance may require more intensified enclosure commissioning than the minimum requirements described in this guide and Practice E2813.13  
5.2 The process uses performance-oriented practices and procedures to verify that the project is achieving the expectations described in the OPR and defined by the contract documents throughout the delivery of the project.  
5.3 The BECx process is recommended to begin during the pre-design phase and continues through the occupancy and operations phase. The process includes specific tasks during each project phase.  
5.4 The commissioning process is outlined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202. It is recommended that the reader understand the process provided in that document. This standard guide and Practice E2813 provide a specific process related to the building enclosure commissioning.  
5.5 Note that the enclosure commissioning process should not infringe upon the authority or responsibility of the Owner, the project’s designers or contractors. The CxG and BECxG can identify areas of concern relative to the OPR, which are discussed with the Owner and other stakeholders; however it is the Owner who directs the project, Cx team, and BECx team. It is recommended that the BECxP be engaged in pre-design phase to define the scope of BECx so that the Owner’s agreements with the project team (including the contractor) clearly define the scope of contracted tasks that interface with BECx process.  
5.6 BECx does not replace a traditional design/construction process but is meant to enhance and be an integral part of that process by validating the design and verifyi...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—This guide provides procedures, methods and documentation techniques that may be used in the application of the building enclosure commissioning (BECx) process. This guide is complementary to Practice E2813 and is aligned with ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 202 and ASHRAE Guideline 0.  
1.2 Extent—The process outlined in this standard guide applies to each building delivery phase from pre-design through occupancy and operation. The specific application of this guide may vary to suit the Owner, the project delivery method and the building project as described in the Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR), and as defined by the contract documents.  
1.3 Primary Focus—The primary focus of this process includes, but may not be limited to, new construction of building enclosures, existing building enclosures undergoing substantial renovation or alteration, and continuous commissioning of enclosure systems.  
1.4 Contractual and Regulatory Obligations—The methods described in this guide are not intended to supersede or otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifically for the parties responsible for the design and construction of a building or structure, nor to alter the roles, responsibilities and duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by applicable regulatory or statutory law.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) C...

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ASTM E2013-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Developing Functions, Constructing FAST Diagrams, and Performing Function Analysis During Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) Study

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As part of the VE/VA study, perform function analysis after the collection of relevant information and prior to the identification of alternatives.  
5.2 This practice provides a specific understanding of what must be accomplished and provides the basis for stimulating the creative phase of the value methodology. This is accomplished by naming and analyzing the functions and using the functions of the VE/VA study to generate ideas and alternative solutions.  
5.3 This practice establishes a communication format through which all stakeholders can understand the project, product, or process.  
5.4 This practice presents a method by which stakeholders’ needs and desires are compared to the cost to satisfy those needs and desires.  
5.4.1 Function cost data help the user identify the alternatives and their functions that are highly valued with respect to their cost, thereby targeting opportunities for increasing value.  
5.4.2 Targeting is done by identifying the low preference/high cost functions and high preference/low cost functions. These data will be used in the VE/VA study as a basis to create alternative solutions.  
5.5 This practice helps stakeholders to formulate a strategy to maximize values.  
5.6 Functions are also used to define criteria to compare alternatives.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function analysis of a project, product, or process.  
1.2 This practice provides a system to identify, define, and clearly communicate the purpose of a project, product, or process and the associated elements of the project, product, or process.  
1.3 This practice covers the relationship between the functions that must be satisfied and the resources for a project, product, or process to accomplish those functions.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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