ASTM E1990-98(2005)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Performing Evaluations of Underground Storage Tank Systems for Operational Conformance with 40 CFR, Part 280 Regulations
Standard Guide for Performing Evaluations of Underground Storage Tank Systems for Operational Conformance with 40 CFR, Part 280 Regulations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.
The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.
Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.
This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1990 − 98 (Reapproved2005)
Standard Guide for
Performing Evaluations of Underground Storage Tank
Systems for Operational Conformance with 40 CFR, Part
280 Regulations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope (or pursuant to a memorandum of agreement with EPA), the
designated State or Local agency responsible for carrying out
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank sys-
the UST program.
tems for operational conformance with the Federal technical
standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) 3.1.3 overfill—exceeding the capacity of the tank.
for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of
3.1.4 overfill protection—a device used to prevent a tank
Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.
from being overfilled when product is being added to the tank.
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action re-
3.1.5 release detection—a method to determine whether a
quirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
release of a regulated substance has occurred from the UST
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred system into the environment or into the interstitial space
from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part betweentheUSTsystemanditssecondarybarrierorsecondary
280, it is not covered by this guide. containment around it.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 spill—to cause or allow product to enter the environ-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment that was intended to be placed in the tank.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 spill prevention—a device used to prevent or contain a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
spill associated with removing the fill hose from the tank fill
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pipe.
3.1.8 suspected release—released product discovered at or
2. Referenced Documents
near the USTsite, observed unusual operating conditions, such
2.1 Federal Standards:
as apparent loss of product; or results from a release detection
Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Environmental
method that indicates a release. Suspected release does not
Protection Agency, Part 280, Technical Standards and
include situations where a method or equipment is found to be
Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and Opera-
defective, is immediately corrected, and then indicates no
tors of Underground Storage Tanks (UST)
release.
3.1.9 underground storage tank (UST)—any one or combi-
3. Terminology
nation of tanks (including underground pipes connected
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
thereto) that is used to contain an accumulation of regulated
3.1.1 corrosion protection—to prevent the degradation of a
substances, and the volume of which (including connected
material due to a reaction between the material and its
undergroundpiping)is10 %ormorebeneaththesurfaceofthe
environment.
ground.
3.1.2 implementing agency—Environmental Protection
3.1.9.1 existing tank—a tank where installation began on or
Agency (EPA), or, in the case of a State with program approval
before 12/22/88.
3.1.9.2 new tank—a tank where installation started after
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
12/22/88.
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
3.1.10 upgrade—the addition or retrofit of the UST system
ity of Subcommittee E50.01 on Storage Tanks.
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
or some system components such as release detection, corro-
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1990-98. DOI:
sion protection, spill prevention, or overfill protection to
10.1520/E1990-98R05.
improve the ability of an UST system to prevent the release of
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. product and meet the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1990 − 98 (2005)
3.1.11 UST system—an underground storage tank, con- some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended
nected underground piping, underground ancillary equipment, that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these
and containment system, if any. requirements as well.
3.2 Additional Terminology—The following definitions and
4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in
discussions, taken directly from the publication “Form and Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational con-
Style for ASTM Standards” shall be included in full in every
formance or they may develop their own checklist based upon
standard guide or practice produced and passed by Committee this guide.
E-50 or any of its technical subcommittees, approvedApril 16,
4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not in-
1997.
tended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as
3.2.1 guide—a series of options or instructions that do not
a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or
recommend a specific course of action.
operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Whereasapracticeprescribesageneral
operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the
usageprinciple,aguideonlysuggestanapproach.Thepurpose
purposes described in 4.1.
of a guide is to offer guidance, based on a consensus of
viewpoints, but not to establish a fixed procedure. A guide is
5. UST System Requirements
intended to increase the awareness of the user to available
5.1 Operational Conformance—For an underground storage
techniques in a given subject area and to provide information
tank (UST) system to be in operational conformance with 40
from which subsequent evaluation and standardization can be
CFR Part 280, it must have release detection, corrosion
derived.
protection, spill prevention, and overfill protection.
3.2.2 practice—adefinitiveprocedureforperformingoneor
5.2 Release Detection—To meet all release detection re-
more specific operations or functions that does not produce a
quirements, release detection for both tank and piping is
test result.
required.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A practice is not a downgraded test
5.2.1 Petroleum Tanks— These tanks may meet release
method.Examplesofpracticesincludeproceduresofinterlabo-
detection requirements by use of one of the following:
ratory testing programs or other statistical procedures; for
5.2.1.1 Monthly monitoring using one of the following:
writing statements on sampling or precision and accuracy; and
automatic tank gaging, vapor monitoring, interstitial monitor-
for selection, preparation, application, inspection, and neces-
ing, ground water monitoring, statistical inventory reconcilia-
sary precautions for the use, disposal, installation, mainte-
tion (SIR), and any other approved method
nance, and operation of testing equipment.
5.2.1.2 Monthly inventory control and annual tank tightness
3.2.3 standard—asusedinASTM,adocumentthathasbeen
testing (may be used for existing UST systems which have not
developed and established within the consensus principles of
been upgraded to meet Federal regulations at 40 CFR Part
the Society and that meets the approval requirements ofASTM
280.21).
procedures and regulations.
5.2.1.3 Monthly inventory control and tank tightness testing
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The term “standard” serves in ASTM
every five years (may start when new UST systems and UST
as an adjective in the title of documents such as test methods
systems that have been upgraded with spill prevention and
or specifications, to connote specified consensus and approval.
overfill and corrosion protection meet the Federal regulations
The various types of standard documents are based on the
at 40 CFR Part 280.20 or 280.21). This release detection
needs and usages as prescribed by the technical committees of
method must be replaced or augmented with one of the options
the Society.
in 5.2.1.1 at the later of two dates—December 22, 1998 or ten
years after the tank was installed or upgraded with corrosion
4. Significance and Use protection.
5.2.1.4 Manual Tank Gaging—This release detection
4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners,
methodisfortanksof2000-galcapacityorless.Thistechnique
operators, and other users and is not intended for use in
may be used if the tank meets the size, test duration, and
certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for
standard variation requirements listed in Table 1:
underground storage tanks.
5.2.2 Piping—Piping may meet release detection require-
4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the
ments by use of one of the following:
general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are
5.2.2.1 Pressurized Piping—To meet release detection re-
generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
quirementsforpressurizedpiping,itisnecessarytochooseone
The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of
method from 5.2.2.2 and one method from 5.2.2.4 (or a single
detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific
method that satisfies both sections).
equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance
5.2.2.2 Choose one of the following: automatic flow re-
requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
stricter, automatic shutoff device, and continuous alarm sys-
tem.
4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements,
that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and 5.2.2.3 Each of these methods must be tested on an annual
operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in basis in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.
E1990 − 98 (2005)
TABLE 1 Guide for Owners and Operators
5.3.1 Tanks—Any portion of the tank that is underground
Weekly Monthly and routinely contains product must have corrosion protection.
Minimum
Standard Standard (Four-
The following may be used to meet corrosion protection
Tank Size Duration of
(One Test), Test Average),
Test, h
requirements for tanks:
gal gal
Up to 550 gal 36 10 5 5.3.1.1 Coated and cathodically protected steel,
5.3.1.2 Cathodic protection added,
551 to 1000 gal (when the tank 44 9 4
5.3.1.3 Interior lining added,
diameter is 64 in.)
5.3.1.4 Cathodic protection and interior lining added,
551 to 1000 gal (when the tank 58 12 6
5.3.1.5 Fiberglass reinforced plastic,
diameter is 48 in.)
5.3.1.6 Steel tank clad with a noncorrodible material, and
551 to 1000 gal (also requires 36 13 7
5.3.1.7 Other construction accepted by the implementing
periodic tank tightness testing in
agency.
accordance with 5.2.1.2 and
5.3.1.8 Corrosion expert’s determination that the site is not
5.2.1.3)
corrosive enough to cause it to have a release during the
1001 to 2000 gal (also requires 36 26 13
operating life of the tank.
periodic tank tightness testing in
5.3.2 Piping—Piping that routinely contains regulated sub-
accordance with 5.2.1.2 and
5.2.1.3)
stances and is in contact with the ground must be protected
from corrosion. The following may be used to meet corrosion
protection requirements for piping:
5.3.2.1 Coated and cathodically protected steel,
5.2.2.4 Choose one of the following: annual line tightness
5.3.2.2 Cathodic protection added,
testing, monthly monitoring using one of the following: vapor
5.3.2.3 Fiberglass reinforced plastic,
monitoring, ground water monitoring, interstitial monitoring,
5.3.2.4 Other construction accepted by the implementing
SIR, other approved methods, such as: electric or electronic
agency, and
line leak detector, and continual reconciliation.
5.3.2.5 Corrosion expert’s determination that the site is not
5.2.2.5 Suction Piping— For suction piping, you may
corrosive enough to cause it to have a release during the
choose one of the following:
operating life of the piping.
5.2.2.6 Monthly monitoring using one of the following:
5.4 Spill Prevention and Overfill Protection—Tanks that
vapor monitoring, ground water monitoring, interstitial moni-
received regulated substances in quantities greater than 25 gal
toring, SIR and, other approved methods.
at one filling need to have spill prevention and overfill
5.2.2.7 Line testing every three years.
protection.
5.2.2.8 No leak detection requirements if the piping meets
5.4.1 To meet the spill prevention requirement, equipment
the following criteria:
that will contain the product in the transfer hose when the
5.2.2.9 The below-grade piping operates at less than atmo-
transfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, a
spheric pressure.
catchment basin) must be used to prevent release of product to
5.2.2.10 The below-grade piping is sloped so that the
the environment.
contents of the pipe will drain back into the storage tank if
5.4.2 To meet overfill protection requirements, one of the
suction is released.
following must be used:
5.2.2.11 Only one check valve is included in each suction
5.4.2.1 Automatic shutoff device,
line and it is located directly below and as close as practical to
5.4.2.2 Overfill alarm, and
the suction pump.
5.4.2.3 Ball float valve.
5.2.2.12 Satisfying the preceding requirements must be able
to be easily determined.
5.2.3 Hazardous Substance Tanks—Release detection for 6. Financial Responsibility
hazardous substance tanks must meet one of the following:
6.1 Financial Responsibility—Owners or operators of USTs
5.2.3.1 Existing UST systems
which hold petroleum must demonstrate financial responsibil-
(1) Until Dec. 22, 1998, existing hazardous UST systems
ity. These requirements are designed to ensure that someone
may meet the release detection requirements as described in
can pay the costs of cleaning up leaks and compensating
5.2.1.
third-parties for bodily injury and property damage caused by
(2) By Dec. 22, 1998, all hazardous UST systems must
leaking USTs.The total amount of coverage required under the
meet the new system requirements described in 5.2.3.2.
federal rule is determined by the type of business, the amount
5.2.3.2 New UST systems
of throughput of the tanks at a facility, and the number of tanks
(1) Unless an owner or operator has applied for and
owned nationwide. The amount of coverage that an owner
received a variance from the implementing agency, new
mustdemonstratemaybechangedduetocoverageprovidedby
hazardous substance UST systems must have each of the
a state financial assurance fund
...
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