E50.01 - Storage Tanks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 All liquid and debris in a containment sump should be removed and managed properly.  
5.2 Liquids introduced into a containment sump for testing purposes may come in contact with regulated substances that have leaked from the primary UST system.  
5.2.1 Test liquids in contact with regulated substances may require response and corrective action if leaked from a containment sump during testing. 40 CFR §280.12 defines release as “any spilling, leaking, emitting, discharging, escaping, leaching or disposing from an UST into groundwater, surface water or subsurface soils.”  
5.2.2 For handling and disposal consideration for liquids removed from containment sumps, see Appendix X1.  
5.3 Visual examinations may identify compromised conditions that warrant repair or response to reduce the probability of a release of regulated substance to the environment.  
5.3.1 Visual examinations should be performed prior to the introduction of liquids in to a containment sump to reduce the potential risk of a release of regulated substance to the environment during liquid testing methods.  
5.3.2 Frequent visual examination of containment sumps between three-year test intervals is a proactive loss preventative measure that may identify compromised equipment before the equipment fails.  
5.3.3 Visual examinations do not apply vacuum, or pressure, stress to containment sump components, nor do visual examinations introduce liquids into containment sumps which may come in contact with regulated substances that must be properly handled pursuant to regulations of the authority having jurisdiction.  
5.4 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are designed to contain a regulated substance that is released from the primary fuel path of a UST system including leaks that occur when the delivery hose is disconnected from the fill pipe, until the regulated substance is detected and removed. There is no established leak rate, capacity requirement or holding time.  
5.5 Spill p...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a visual examination to determine if a containment sump has been compromised and to identify any compromised components.  
1.2 United States of America federal regulations found in 40 CFR 280 address inspection and testing of spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for piping interstitial monitoring. The testing and inspection requirements include the following:  
1.2.1 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for piping interstitial monitoring must be tested at least once every three years to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing.  
1.2.2 Containment sumps must be inspected annually.  
1.2.3 Spill prevention equipment must be inspected every 30 days.  
1.2.4 The authority having jurisdiction may have different or more frequent inspection and testing requirements.  
1.3 The visual examination described in this practice addresses the inspection requirements of:  
1.3.1 the annual inspection of containment sumps;  
1.3.2 the 30 day walk through inspection for spill prevention equipment; and  
1.3.3 the visual examination performed prior to conducting a test of the spill prevention equipment or containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring.  
1.4 This practice is not a recognized test to determine if spill prevention equipment or containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring are liquid tight.  
1.5 The user is expected to have knowledge of UST installation procedures and UST operational, maintenance and testing requirements of related to the tasks performed.  
1.6 Section 6 provides the recommended minimum qualifications and educational requirements of a the inspector. The authority having jurisdiction may have additional certification requirements.  
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and sho...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide may be used in the investigation of underground storage tank systems for equipment problems in a wide variety of applications. Use of this guide is voluntary. It is intended to assist users who want to investigate equipment failures, malfunctions, and other potential causes of suspected releases.  
4.2 The following groups of users may find the guide particularly helpful:  
4.2.1 Storage tank system designers and manufacturers;  
4.2.2 Storage tank installers, testers, and inspectors;  
4.2.3 Storage tank maintenance contractors;  
4.2.4 Storage tank removal contractors;  
4.2.5 Federal, state, tribal or local regulators, including departments of health, departments of environmental protection, and fire departments;  
4.2.6 Petroleum release remediation professionals;  
4.2.7 Insurance adjusters;  
4.2.8 Storage tank owners and operators;  
4.2.9 Consultants, auditors, and compliance assistance personnel.  
4.3 This guide is intended to assist in the development of protocols for determination of source and cause of a release and the investigation of a malfunction or failure of any component of a UST system and the implementation of said protocols. This guide outlines steps that may be necessary and include, but are not limited to initial evaluation of the UST system to determine if there has been a component failure preparation of samples of failed or compromised equipment for laboratory analysis; visual; and analytical evaluation of release indications; and documentation of the investigation. The guide provides a series of investigation options from which the user may design failure investigation protocols. The guide describes common investigation techniques in the order in which they might be employed in an investigation.  
4.4 A user may elect to utilize this guide for a number of reasons, which include, but are not limited to:  
4.4.1 To differentiate new releases from new discovery of old releases;  
4.4.2 To establish malfunction ...
SCOPE
1.1 Overview—This guide is an organized collection of information and series of options for industry, regulators, consultants and the public, intended to assist with the development of investigation protocols for underground storage tank facilities in the United States. While the guide does not recommend a specific course of action, it establishes an investigation framework, and it provides a series of techniques that may be employed to: identify equipment problems; in some cases collect and preserve failed equipment for forensic evaluation or laboratory analysis; identify the source of a release; and document the investigation. The guide includes information on methods of investigation, documentation, collecting and preserving samples; chain of custody; storage; shipping; working with equipment manufacturers; and notification of regulators and listing laboratories. The goal in using the guide is to identify the appropriate level of investigation and to gather and preserve information, in an organized manner, which could be used in the future to improve system design or performance. While this guide may act as a starting point for users with limited experience in failure investigation, the user is encouraged to consult with failure analysis experts for specific investigation procedures that may be needed for certain equipment and the investigation should be conducted by a qualified professional. As users develop their specific investigation protocols, they may find that the investigations can be streamlined for certain types of facilities.  
1.2 Limitations of This Guide:  
1.2.1 Given the variability of the different investigators that may wish to use this guide and the different types of facilities and failures that will be investigated, it is not possible to address all the relevant standards that might apply to a particular investigation. This guide uses generalized language and examples to guide the user. If it i...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.  
4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.  
4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.  
4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.  
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.  
1.4 Local regulations may be more stringent than federal regulation and the reader should refer to the implementing agency to determine compliance.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers fencing and lighting only. More sophisticated security systems may be appropriate for the facility but discussion of these types of systems is beyond the scope of this document.  
1.2 The information included in this guide is intended for petroleum bulk storage facilities. It is not intended for use with retail fueling and other motor fueling facilities, refineries, chemical plants, docks, oil production facilities, or electric power generation, transmission, distribution and service center facilities. Fencing, lighting or other security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to the bulk storage facility may be components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that the facility uses to prevent releases of petroleum to storm water discharges. There are several different types of fencing and lighting that can be effective. The intent of this document is to outline a method for providing security fencing and lighting that has been effectively used. There are other fencing and lighting methods that may be adequately effective. Some facilities may be considered adequately secure without fencing or lighting. An analysis of the threat level should be made to determine the type of security system to employ.  
1.3 Any facilities must meet local, state, and federal building, architectural, hazardous material handling and storage, and fire protection codes.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Environmentally sound management of underground storage tank systems involves a broad range of preventative maintenance activities directed toward preventing accidental releases of regulated substances, and effectively detecting and responding to such releases when, and if, they do occur. Numerous technical guidelines are presently available addressing specific procedures for release prevention and response for underground tank systems, including guidelines for tank system design, installation, operation and maintenance, leak detection, spill control, periodic equipment inspections, corrective action for affected environmental media, tank system closure, and operator training. This guide presents an overview, identifying key management considerations and referring the user to other related ASTM standards and industry guidelines for more detailed information.  
4.2 Tank System Design and Installation—The first step in environmentally sound management of tank systems is to design and install the tank system so as to minimize the potential for release of regulated substances to the environment. This guide addresses key considerations related to the types of tank systems to be used, compatibility of regulated substances to construction materials, types of spill containment and overfill prevention devices, corrosion protection, leak detection proper installation practices, and system operation.  
4.3 Preventative Maintenance—Even for properly designed and installed tank systems, practical measures are needed to detect and terminate leaks and respond to releases in a timely manner so as to minimize regulated substance losses and associated environmental effects. This guide reviews general considerations including release detection measures, possible indicators of a release, appropriate record-keeping procedures, tank system inspection, equipment testing, response planning and release control measures. Some preventative maintenance activities are recommended while ot...
SCOPE
1.1 The framework discussed in this guide is limited to facilities with underground storage tanks (USTs) storing regulated substances at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This guide is not intended to provide detailed technical specifications for implementation of the approaches described in this document, nor to be used as an enforcement tool, but rather to identify the important information used for environmental management of underground tank systems. The term “must” is used where United States federal requirements apply. References to ASTM standards and other industry guidelines have been provided to address implementation of the approaches discussed in this guide. Many states and some local agencies have adopted rules that place additional responsibilities on the owners/operators of UST systems. Refer to state and local regulations that may contain additional requirements. It is not possible to identify all considerations or combinations of conditions pertinent to a unique underground storage tank system.  
1.2 This guide addresses principal considerations related to the prevention of, and response to environmental releases from tank systems and is organized in the sections listed below:    
Section 1:  
Scope  
Section 2:  
Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industry or regulatory guidance documents  
Section 3:  
Defines the key terminology used in this guide  
Section 4:  
Describes the significance and use of this guide  
Section 5:  
Tank System Design and Installation    
Section 6:  
Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Plan    
Section 7:  
Fueling Procedure  
Section 8:  
Dispensing Activities  
Section 9:  
Release Response Plan  
Section 10:  
Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media  
Section 11:  
Tank System Closure  
Section 12:  
UST Management Practice and Operator Training  
Appendix X1:  
Recurring Release Det...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petroleum service should follow at a minimum the requirements of API 650 and API 653. These standards describe methods for testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity of new or repaired ASTs. With increasing emphasis on protecting the environment and with environmental issues related to the storing of petroleum materials in ASTs, owners and operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to existing and enhanced methods for evaluating the hydraulic integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.  
5.2 The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the economic loss of product, cost of repair or replacing the tank bottom, and exposure to the cost of environmental remediation and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give rise to adverse public relations or regulatory action. In addition, releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or explosive conditions.  
5.3 Owners and operators of ASTs or their agents can use this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic integrity of their repaired or new tank bottoms. Selection of the methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria that include operational and cost/benefit considerations.  
5.4 This guide is intended for use by an individual experienced in repair and construction of ASTs in petroleum service.  
5.5 This guide is intended for use when repairing or building ASTs. This guide does not address suitability for use or imply useful life of an AST bottom.  
5.6 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic integrity in API 650 and API 653.  
5.7 Procedures or methods included here may be supported by a previously completed and documented performance evaluation(s) that may lend itself as valuable results validation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a knowledge of construction examination procedures and current technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrous materials.  
1.2 The adoption of the methods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.  
1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design, inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.  
1.5 Refer to API RP 575 for useful information and recommended practices for maintenance and inspection of atmospheric and low pressure stirage tanks.  
1.6 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of Practice E621. English measure equivalents are in parentheses.  
1.7 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.  
1.8 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.  
1.9 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.  
4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.  
4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.  
4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.  
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.  
1.4 Local regulations may be more stringent than federal regulation and the reader should refer to the implementing agency to determine compliance.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic testing of spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping is required by US EPA regulation § 40 CFR §280.35.  
5.2 The spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping must be tested at least once every three years to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing according to § 40 CFR §280.35. Under this practice, an annual test is required.  
5.3 The phrase liquid tight is an ambiguous expression with the acceptable leak rate dependent upon the nature of the liquid and the purpose of the evaluated material. This practice defines liquid tight.  
5.3.1 There is no minimum containment capacity or leak rate criteria for spill prevention equipment or containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping.  
5.4 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are designed to contain a regulated substance that is released from the primary fuel path of a UST system including leaks that occur when the delivery hose is disconnected from the fill pipe, until the regulated substance is detected and removed. There is no established maximum leak rate, capacity requirement or holding time.  
5.5 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps must be properly installed pursuant to § 40 CFR §280.20 in accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Properly installed spill prevention equipment and containment sumps will perform as designed unless one or more components have become compromised. Indications of component compromise that could impact the capability of a sump to remain liquid tight are visually observable.  
5.6 This practice is used to perform a liquid test of sumps to determine if the sumps are liquid tight, capable of containing a regulated substance leaked from the primary fuel path of the UST...
SCOPE
1.1 Spill prevention equipment, and containment sumps are tested periodically to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing pursuant to United States of America federal regulations found in § 40 CFR 280.35.  
1.2 This practice provides a liquid test by visual examination conducted by a professional inspector to determine if the spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are liquid tight.  
1.3 The user is expected to have knowledge of UST installation procedures and UST operational, maintenance and testing requirements of § 40 CFR 280 et seq, related to the tasks performed.  
1.4 Section 6 provides the minimum qualifications and educational requirements of a professional inspector. The authority having jurisdiction may have additional certification requirements.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Hazards known to this practice are identified in Sec...

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers fencing and lighting only. More sophisticated security systems may be appropriate for the facility but discussion of these types of systems is beyond the scope of this document.  
1.2 The information included in this guide is intended for petroleum bulk storage facilities. It is not intended for use with retail fueling and other motor fueling facilities, refineries, chemical plants, docks, oil production facilities, or electric power generation, transmission, distribution and service center facilities. Fencing, lighting or other security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to the bulk storage facility may be components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that the facility uses to prevent releases of petroleum to storm water discharges. There are several different types of fencing and lighting that can be effective. The intent of this document is to outline a method for providing security fencing and lighting that has been effectively used. There are other fencing and lighting methods that may be adequately effective. Some facilities may be considered adequately secure without fencing or lighting. An analysis of the threat level should be made to determine the type of security system to employ.  
1.3 Any facilities must meet local, state, and federal building, architectural, hazardous material handling and storage, and fire protection codes.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.  
4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.  
4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.  
4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.  
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers fencing and lighting only. More sophisticated security systems may be appropriate for the facility but discussion of these types of systems is beyond the scope of this document.  
1.2 The information included in this guide is intended for petroleum bulk storage facilities. It is not intended for use with retail fueling and other motor fueling facilities, refineries, chemical plants, docks, oil production facilities, or electric power generation, transmission, distribution and service center facilities. Fencing, lighting or other security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to the bulk storage facility may be components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that the facility uses to prevent releases of petroleum to storm water discharges. There are several different types of fencing and lighting that can be effective. The intent of this document is to outline a method for providing security fencing and lighting that has been effectively used. There are other fencing and lighting methods that may be adequately effective. Some facilities may be considered adequately secure without fencing or lighting. An analysis of the threat level should be made to determine the type of security system to employ.  
1.3 Any facilities must meet local, state, and federal building, architectural, hazardous material handling and storage, and fire protection codes.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide may be used in the investigation of underground storage tank systems for equipment problems in a wide variety of applications. Use of this guide is voluntary. It is intended to assist users who want to investigate equipment failures and malfunctions.  
4.2 The following groups of users may find the guide particularly helpful:  
4.2.1 Storage tank system designers;  
4.2.2 Storage tank installers;  
4.2.3 Storage tank maintenance contractors;  
4.2.4 Storage tank removal contractors;  
4.2.5 Storage tank inspectors;  
4.2.6 Federal, state or local regulators, including departments of health, departments of environmental protection, and fire departments;  
4.2.7 Storage tank release detection installers;  
4.2.8 Storage tank testers;  
4.2.9 Petroleum release remediation consultants;  
4.2.10 Storage tank equipment manufacturers;  
4.2.11 Insurance adjusters;  
4.2.12 Storage tank owners and operators;
4.2.12.1 Retail fuel service station owners and operators;
4.2.12.2 Small businesses or enterprises;
4.2.12.3 Service industries;
4.2.12.4 Waste managers, including liquid and solid waste haulers, treatment, recycling, disposal and transfer;
4.2.12.5 Non-regulatory government agencies, such as the military;
4.2.12.6 Specific industrial sectors such as dry cleaners, printers, photo processors, laboratories; and  
4.2.13 Consultants, auditors, inspectors, and compliance assistance personnel.  
4.3 This guide is intended to assist in the development of protocols for the investigation of a malfunction or failure of storage tank systems and the implementation of said protocols. This guide outlines steps that may be necessary and include, but are not limited to initial evaluation of the UST system to determine the malfunction(s); preparation of samples of failed equipment for laboratory analysis; and document the investigation. The guide provides a series of investigation options on which the user may design failure investigation prot...
SCOPE
1.1 Overview—This guide is an organized collection of information and series of options for industry, regulators, consultants and the public, intended to assist with the development of investigation protocols for underground storage tank facilities in the United States. While the guide does not recommend a specific course of action, it establishes an investigation framework, and it provides a series of techniques that may be employed to: identify equipment problems; in some cases prepare samples of failed equipment for laboratory analysis; and document the investigation. The guide includes information on methods of investigation, documentation, taking samples of problem equipment; preservation of equipment samples; chain of custody; storage; shipping; working with equipment manufacturers; and notification of regulators and listing laboratories. The goal in using the guide is to identify the appropriate level of investigation and to gather and preserve information in an organized manner, which could be used in the future to improve system design or performance. While this guide may act as a starting point for users with limited experience in failure investigation, the user is encouraged to consult with failure analysis experts for specific investigation procedures that may be needed for certain equipment and the investigation should be conducted by a qualified professional. As users develop their specific investigation protocols, they may find that the investigations can be streamlined for certain types of facilities.  
1.2 Limitations of This Guide:  
1.2.1 Given the variability of the different investigators that may wish to use this guide and the different types of facilities and failures that will be investigated, it is not possible to address all the relevant standards that might apply to a particular investigation. This guide uses generalized language and examples to guide the user. If it is not clear to the user ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.  
4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.  
4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.  
4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.  
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.  
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petroleum service should follow at a minimum the requirements of API 650 and API 653. These standards describe methods for testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity of new or repaired ASTs. With increasing emphasis on protecting the environment and with environmental issues related to the storing of petroleum materials in ASTs, owners and operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to existing and enhanced methods for evaluating the hydraulic integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.  
5.2 The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the economic loss of product, cost of repair or replacing the tank bottom, and exposure to the cost of environmental remediation and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give rise to adverse public relations or regulatory action. In addition, releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or explosive conditions.  
5.3 Owners and operators of ASTs or their agents can use this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic integrity of their repaired or new tank bottoms. Selection of the methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria that include operational and cost/benefit considerations.  
5.4 This guide is intended for use by an individual experienced in repair and construction of ASTs in petroleum service.  
5.5 This guide is intended for use when repairing or building ASTs. This guide does not address suitability for use or imply useful life of an AST bottom.  
5.6 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic integrity in API 650 and API 653.  
5.7 Procedures or methods included here may be supported by a previously completed and documented performance evaluation(s) that may lend itself as valuable results validation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a knowledge of construction examination procedures and current technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrous materials.  
1.2 The adoption of the mathods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.  
1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design, inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.  
1.5 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of Practice E621. English measure equivalents are in parentheses.  
1.6 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.  
1.7 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.  
1.8 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.  
1.9 This guide is not intended for use as a model code, ordinance or regulation.  
1.10 This standard does not pu...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Environmentally sound management of underground storage tank systems involves a broad range of activities directed toward preventing accidental releases of petroleum or hazardous substances, and effectively detecting and responding to such releases when, and if, they do occur. Numerous technical guidelines are presently available addressing specific procedures for release prevention and response for underground tank systems, including guidelines for tank system design, installation and maintenance, leak detection and spill control, corrective action for affected environmental media, tank system closure, and personnel training. This guide presents an overview, identifying key management considerations and referring the user to other related ASTM standards and industry guidelines for more detailed information.  
4.2 Tank System Design and Installation—The first step in environmentally sound management of tank systems is to design and install the tank system so as to minimize the potential for release of petroleum or hazardous substances to the environment. This guide addresses key considerations related to the types of tank systems to be used, compatibility of regulated substances to construction materials, types of spill containment and overfill prevention devices, corrosion protection, proper installation practices, and system inspection and maintenance.  
4.3 Preventative Maintenance and Inspection Plan—Even for properly designed and installed tank systems, practical measures are needed to detect and terminate releases in a timely manner so as to minimize regulated substance losses and associated environmental effects. This guide reviews general release detection measures, possible indicators of a release, appropriate record-keeping procedures, leak detection system inspection and maintenance, and response planning and release control measures.  
4.4 Fueling Procedure—Careful loading, unloading, and dispensing of liquids to and from underground storage tanks...
SCOPE
1.1 The framework discussed in this guide is limited to facilities with underground storage tanks (USTs) storing hazardous substances or petroleum at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This guide is not intended to provide detailed technical specifications for implementation of the approaches described in this document, nor to be used as an enforcement tool, but rather to identify the important information used for environmental management of underground tank systems. The term “must” is used where United States federal requirements apply. References to ASTM standards and other industry guidelines have been provided to address implementation of the approaches discussed in this guide. Many states and some local agencies have adopted UST rules that place additional responsibilities on the owners/operators of UST systems. Refer to state and local regulations that may contain additional requirements. It is not possible to identify all considerations or combinations of conditions pertinent to a unique underground storage tank system.  
1.2 This guide addresses principal considerations related to the prevention and response for environmental releases from tank systems and is organized in the sections listed below:    
Section 1:  
Scope  
Section 2:  
Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industry or regulatory guidance documents  
Section 3:  
Defines the key terminology used in this guide  
Section 4:  
Describes the significance and use of this guide  
Section 5:  
Tank System Design and Installation    
Section 6:  
Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Plan    
Section 7:  
Fueling Procedure  
Section 8:  
Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media  
Section 9:  
Tank System Closure  
Section 10:  
Tank Management Practice Education and Training  
Appendix X1:  
Recurring Release Detection and Cathodic Protection Requirements (Quick Glance) is intend...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petroleum service should follow at a minimum the requirements of API 650 and API 653. These standards describe methods for testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity of new or repaired ASTs. With increasing emphasis on protecting the environment and with environmental issues related to the storing of petroleum materials in ASTs, owners and operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to existing and enhanced methods for evaluating the hydraulic integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.
The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the economic loss of product, cost of repair or replacing the tank bottom, and exposure to the cost of environmental remediation and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give rise to adverse public relations or regulatory action. In addition, releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or explosive conditions.
Owners and operators of ASTs or their agents can use this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic integrity of their repaired or new tank bottoms. Selection of the methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria that include operational and cost/benefit considerations.
This guide is intended for use by an individual experienced in repair and construction of ASTs in petroleum service.
This guide is intended for use when repairing or building ASTs and not intended for use beyond the construction process. This guide does not address suitability for use or imply useful life of an AST bottom.
This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic integrity in API 650 and API 653.
Procedures or methods included here may be supported by a previously completed and documented performance evaluation(s) that may lend itself as valuable results validation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a knowledge of construction examination procedures and current technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrous materials.
1.2 The adoption of the mathods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.
1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.
1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design, inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.
1.5 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of Practice E 621. English measure equivalents are in parentheses.
1.6 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.
1.7 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.
1.8 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.
1.9 This guide is not intended for use as a model code, ordinance or regulation.
1.10 This standard...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.
The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.
Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.
This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a knowledge of construction examination procedures and current technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrous materials.
1.2 The adoption of the mathods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.
1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.
1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design, inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.
1.5 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of Practice E 621. English measure equivalents are in parentheses.
1.6 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.
1.7 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.
1.8 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.
1.9 This guide is not intended for use as a model code, ordinance or regulation.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.
1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a uniform protocol for evaluating the performance of systems used to detect releases of regulated substances from underground storage tank systems or facilities. This practice applies to users, manufacturers, vendors, government regulators, and others using or concerned with release detection systems.
1.2 This practice covers release detection systems that are used internally, externally, or within the interstitial area of an underground storage tank system that has secondary containment.
1.3 This practice does not specify minimum performance standards.
1.4 The release detection system may consist of an individual or multiple tests. The release detection system may operate in a continuous or intermittent mode, and may produce either quantitative-output (measured value) or qualitative-output (on/off) results.
1.5 The release detection system may be applicable to any part of a storage tank system, a single storage tank system, or combination of systems. The manufacturer may further limit the use of a release detection system to specific test conditions (for example, tank sizes, geographical regions, etc.).
1.6 The evaluation given in this practice provides two separate performance descriptions: an estimate of the performance characteristics of the release detection system, and an estimate of probability of release detection and probability of false alarm.
1.6.1 This practice requires that the system performance characteristics must be determined for all release detection systems as described in 1.2.
1.6.2 Further, this practice currently requires the determination of an estimate of probability of false alarm.
1.6.3 Estimates of probability of detecting releases and false alarms for external release detection systems are not required.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A full disclosure is required if hazardous materials are released into the environment as part of the test procedure.
1.9 The sections and subsections in this practice are arranged in the following order:  Section Scope 1 Terminology 2 Release Detection System Description 3 General Description 3.1.1 Intended Use 3.2 Operational Conditions 3.3 Recommended Calibration Schedule 3.4 Expected Lifetime 3.5 Safety Consideration 3.6 Development of Performance Data 4 Performance Characteristics 4.1.1 Estimate of Probability to Detect a Release and False Alarm 4.2 Evaluation of Performance Data 5 General 5.1.1 Performance Characteristics 5.2 System Response to the Signal 5.2.1 Specificity 5.2.2 Lower Detection Limit 5.2.3 Dynamic Range 5.2.4 Precision and Bias 5.2.5 Response Time 5.2.6 Effects of Physical Properties 5.2.7 System Response to Individual Sounds of Interference or 5.2.8 Ambient Noise Estimate of Probability to Detect a Release and False Alarm 5.3 Marking with ASTM Designation 6 APPENDIXES Definitions X1.1 Technical Guidance to Calculate Performance Characteristics of X1.2 Release Detection Systems Technical Guidance to Calculate the Performance of a X1.3 Release Detection System by Determining Probability of Detecting a Release and False Alarm

SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides tank owners/operators, regulators, equipment manufacturers/suppliers, and others concerned with tanks, with information relevant to the selection and use of release detection devices for underground storage tanks (USTs) that contain petroleum products or other regulated substances. As used in the phrase "release detection devices," the meaning of release includes leak or spill. The "state-of-the-art" in release detection technology and techniques is rapidly evolving; therefore, this guidance cannot and will not provide design-related answers to when, where, or how to use or select appropriate detection devices. Rather, this guide introduces a common approach for using and selecting detectors as part of the design and use of an overall detection system. For more detailed information on release detection, Appendix X2 at the end of this guide should be reviewed.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.