ASTM D8049-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.
5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.
Note 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging particle analyzer (DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
Note 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
Note 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D8049 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
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Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging particle analyzer
Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
(DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Auto-
solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate
matic Particle Counters for Liquids
fuels in the overall range from 4 µm to 100 µm and in size
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2.3 MIL Standard:
bands of ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm.
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft,
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 µm through 300 µm is available for
Missile and Ordinance
use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and
is not a reporting requirement. 3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Terminology D4175.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wall ring due to the diffraction of light around and through
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
them.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel,
generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due
2. Referenced Documents
to the diffraction of light around and through them.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 major particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
dimensional length of the particle measured
Petroleum Products
3.2.4 minor particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular to
Fuels, and Lubricants
the major particle diameter.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
3.2.5 particle, n—non-liquid, non —gaseous, solid objects
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
in the fuel.
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3.2.6 projected equivalent particle diameter µm, n—the
diameter calculated from the projected area of a particle if that
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on area formed a circle, and in equation form is:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels. Projected Equivalent Particle Diameter == area/0.785
~ !
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
D8049-16.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document
the ASTM website. Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
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D8049 − 16
3.3 Abbreviations: assembly to allow fuel transfer to the DIPA and air into the
3.3.1 DIPA—Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer epoxy-lined container for venting.
6.1.3 Tube Manifold Assembly—Consists of a stopper or
4. Summary of Test Method
threaded cap, which inserts into the top opening in the test
specimen container to seal it, and has through-holes which
4.1 The optical measurement cell comprises a light source
and an optical sensor. The principle of operation is the accept tubing for venting and tubing for flow of fuel to the
DIPA.
illuminationanddigitalcaptureofactualparticleimageswhich
are then analyzed for size and shape by the system softwa
...
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