ASTM D6595-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Used Lubricating Oil—The determination of debris in used oil is a key diagnostic method practiced in machine condition monitoring programs. The presence or increase in concentration of specific wear metals can be indicative of the early stages of wear if there are baseline concentration data for comparison. A marked increase in contaminant elements can be indicative of foreign materials in the lubricants, such as antifreeze or sand, which may lead to wear or lubricant degradation. The test method identifies the metals and their concentration so that trends relative to time or distance can be established and corrective action can be taken prior to more serious or catastrophic failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of wear metals and contaminants in used lubricating oils and used hydraulic fluids by rotating disc electrode atomic emission spectroscopy (RDE-AES).
1.2 This test method provides a quick indication for abnormal wear and the presence of contamination in new or used lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to relate quantitatively the values determined as insoluble particles to the dissolved metals. Analytical results are particle size dependent and low results may be obtained for those elements present in used oil samples as large particles.
1.4 The test method is capable of detecting and quantifying elements resulting from wear and contamination ranging from dissolved materials to particles approximately 10 μm in size.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 The preferred units are mg/kg (ppm by mass).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6595 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used
Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc
1
Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of wear 2.1 ASTM Standards:
metals and contaminants in used lubricating oils and used D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
hydraulic fluids by rotating disc electrode atomic emission Petroleum Products
spectroscopy (RDE-AES). D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.2 This test method provides a quick indication for abnor-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
mal wear and the presence of contamination in new or used
Petroleum Products
lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration
and does not purport to relate quantitatively the values deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mined as insoluble particles to the dissolved metals.Analytical
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
results are particle size dependent and low results may be
to Terminology D4175.
obtainedforthoseelementspresentinusedoilsamplesaslarge
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
particles.
3.2.1 arc discharge, n—a self-sustaining, high current
density, high temperature discharge, uniquely characterized by
1.4 The test method is capable of detecting and quantifying
elements resulting from wear and contamination ranging from a cathode fall nearly equal to the ionization potential of the gas
or vapor in which it exists.
dissolved materials to particles approximately 10 µm in size.
3.2.2 check sample, n—a reference material usually pre-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
pared by a laboratory for its own use as a calibration standard,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
as a measurement control standard, or for the qualification of a
standard.
measurement method.
1.5.1 The preferred units are mg/kg (ppm by mass).
3.2.3 contaminant, n—material in an oil sample that may
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cause abnormal wear or lubricant degradation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.4 counter electrode, n—either of two graphite electrodes
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in an atomic emission spectrometer across which an arc or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
spark is generated.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.5 graphite rod electrode, n—a soft form of the element
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
carbon manufactured into the shape of a rod for use as a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
counter electrode in arc/spark spectrometers for oil analysis.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.6 profiling, n—to set the actual position of the entrance
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
slit to produce optimum measurement intensity.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.7 standardization, n—the process of reestablishing and
correcting a calibration curve through the analysis of at least
two known oil standards.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6595 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6595-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6595 − 22
3.2.8 uptake rate, n—the amount of oil sample that is co
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6595 − 17 D6595 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used
Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc
1
Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of wear metals and contaminants in used lubricating oils and used hydraulic fluids
by rotating disc electrode atomic emission spectroscopy (RDE-AES).
1.2 This test method provides a quick indication for abnormal wear and the presence of contamination in new or used lubricants
and hydraulic fluids.
1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to relate quantitatively the values determined as
insoluble particles to the dissolved metals. Analytical results are particle size dependent and low results may be obtained for those
elements present in used oil samples as large particles.
1.4 The test method is capable of detecting and quantifying elements resulting from wear and contamination ranging from
dissolved materials to particles approximately 10 μm in size.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 The preferred units are mg/kg (ppm by mass).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2022. Published May 2017October 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D6595 – 16.D6595 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6595-17.10.1520/D6595-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6595 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 burn, vt—in emission spectroscopy, to vaporize and excite a specimen with sufficient energy to generate spectral radiation.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 calibration, n—the determination of the values of the significant parameters by comparison with values indicated by a set
of reference standards.
3.1.3 calibration curve, n—the graphical or mathematical representation of a relationship between the assigned (known) values
of standards and the measured responses from the measurement system.
3.1.4 calibration standard, n—a standard having an accepted value (reference value) for use in calibrating a measurement
instrument or system.
3.1.5 emission spectroscopy, n—measurement of energy spectrum emitted by or from an object under some form of energetic
stimulation; for example, light, electrical discharge, and so forth.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 arc discharge, n—a self-sustaining, high current density, high temperature discharge, uniquely characterized by a cathode
fall nearly equal to the ionization potential of the gas or vapor in which it exists.
3.2.2 check sample, n—a reference material usually prepared by a laboratory for its own use as a calibration standard, as a
measurement control standard, or for the qualification of
...
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