ASTM D3748-09
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating High-Density Rigid Cellular Plastics
Standard Practice for Evaluating High-Density Rigid Cellular Plastics
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the basic test procedures for the determination of the physical properties and the reporting of data for high-density rigid cellular plastics. Samples shall be prepared by either processing samples directly into proper size specimens, or by preparing samples from larger sections as specified in each individual test. Since cellular plastics are often nonuniform in density distribution, a minimum of five specimens shall, therefore, be tested per testing method to obtain representative values. The test methods covered here are to examine the following material properties: apparent density; compressive strength; tensile properties; coefficient of linear thermal expansion; apparent flexural properties; deflection temperature; dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength; thermal conductivity; and water absorption rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic test procedures for determination of the physical properties and reporting of data for high-density rigid cellular plastics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This standard and ISO 9054 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
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Designation: D3748 − 09
StandardPractice for
1
Evaluating High-Density Rigid Cellular Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
1.1 This practice covers the basic test procedures for deter-
als
mination of the physical properties and reporting of data for
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
high-density rigid cellular plastics.
D1622Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Plastics
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 cellular plastics—plastics containing numerous small
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cavities (cells), interconnecting or not, distributed throughout
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the mass. These cells cannot be mechanically assembled, but
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO9054 address the same subject matter,
areproducedthroughthe“insitu”plasticsprocessingmethods.
but differ in technical content.
3 3
3.1.2 high density—greater than 320 kg/m (0.32 g/cm)or
3
2. Referenced Documents
20 lb/ft apparent density.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 skin—a relatively dense layer at the surface of a
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
cellular polymeric material.
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this practice,
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
refer to Terminology D883.
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
4. Significance and Use
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
4.1 This practice provides appropriate testing methods, and
at Commercial Power Frequencies
a specific data reporting procedure for high-density rigid
D570Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
cellular plastics.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
5. Sample Preparation
D648Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
5.1 Prepare samples in one of two ways:
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
(a)process samples directly into proper size specimens, or
D695Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
(b)prepare samples from larger sections as specified in
Plastics
each individual test.
D696TestMethodforCoefficientofLinearThermalExpan-
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
5.2 Report the precise manner of sample preparation.
Silica Dilatometer
6. Conditioning
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
6.1 Condition specimens prior to testing in accordance with
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers. Procedure A of Practice D618.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3748–03. DOI:
7. Number of Test Specimens
10.1520/D3748-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Cellular plastics are often nonuniform in density distri-
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
bution; therefore, a minimum of five specimens needs to be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM web site. tested per testing method to obtain representative values.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3748 − 09
8. Test Methods 9.1.1 Complete identification of the tested material as to
material supplier and nomenclature, source of samples, lot or
8.1 Wheretechnicallysuitable,referenceismadetoexisting
run number, and type of part.
ASTM test methods. Otherwise, comments or changes are
9.1.2 Type of manufacturing process used to make the part,
outlined in accordance with this practice.
for example, extrusion, injection molding, casting, etc.
8.2 Apparent Density—Test Method D1622.
9.1.3 Technique used to prepare the test specimens, for
8.3 Compressive Strength—Test Method D695.
example
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 3748–03 Designation: D 3748 – 09
Standard Practice for
1
Evaluating High-Density Rigid Cellular Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the basic test procedures for determination of the physical properties and reporting of data for
high-density rigid cellular plastics.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—This practice and ISO Standard 9054 are not technically equivalent. 1—This standard and ISO 9054 address the same subject matter, but
differ in technical content.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat-Flux Heat Flux Measurements andThermalTransmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat-Flux Measurements andThermalTransmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow
Meter Apparatus
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D 696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics between -30°CBetween 30C and 30°C30C with a
Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
3. Significance and Use
3.1This practice provides appropriate testing methods, and a specific data reporting procedure for high-density rigid cellular
plastics.
4.Terminology
4.1
3.1 Definitions:
4.1.1
3.1.1 cellular plastics—plastics containing numerous small cavities (cells), interconnecting or not, distributed throughout the
mass. These cells cannot be mechanically assembled, but are produced through the “in situ” plastics processing methods.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials— - Plastics
and Elastomers.
Current edition approved September 10, 2003.Feb. 1, 2009. Published November 2003.February 2009. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in
19982003 as D3748–98.D 3748 – 03.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM web site.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3748 – 09
4.1.2density, apparent—the mass, in air, of a unit volume of a material.
4.1.3
3 3 3
3.1.2 high density—greater than 320 kg/m (0.32 g/cm ) or 20 lb/ft apparent density.
4.1.4rigid—having an apparent flexural modular greater than 689.5 MPa [100000 psi] when tested at 23°C in accordance with
Test Methods D790.
4.1.5
3.1.3 skin—a relatively dense layer at the surface of a cellular polymeric material.
4.1.6For3.1.4 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice provides appropriate testing methods, and a specific data reporting procedure for high-density rigid cellular
plastics.
5. Sample Preparation
5.1 Prepare samples in one of two ways:
(a) process samples directly into proper size specimens, or
(b) prepare samples from larger sections as specified in each individual test.
5.2 Report the precise manner of s
...
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