ASTM E854-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance, E706(IIIB)
Standard Test Method for Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder (SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance, E706(IIIB)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The SSTR method provides for the measurement of absolute-fission density per unit mass. Absolute-neutron fluence can then be inferred from these SSTR-based absolute fission rate observations if an appropriate neutron spectrum average fission cross section is known. This method is highly discriminatory against other components of the in-core radiation field. Gamma rays, beta rays, and other lightly ionizing particles do not produce observable tracks in appropriate LWR SSTR candidate materials. However, photofission can contribute to the observed fission track density and should therefore be accounted for when nonnegligible. For a more detailed discussion of photofission effects, see 14.4.
4.2 In this test method, SSTR are placed in surface contact with fissionable deposits and record neutron-induced fission fragments. By variation of the surface mass density (μg/cm 2) of the fissionable deposit as well as employing the allowable range of track densities (from roughly 1 event/cm2 up to 105 events/cm2 for manual scanning), a range of total fluence sensitivity covering at least 16 orders of magnitude is possible, from roughly 102 n/cm 2 up to 5 × 10 18 n/cm2. The allowable range of fission track densities is broader than the track density range for high accuracy manual scanning work with optical microscopy cited in 1.2. In particular, automated and semi-automated methods exist that broaden the customary track density range available with manual optical microscopy. In this broader track density region, effects of reduced counting statistics at very low track densities and track pile-up corrections at very high track densities can present inherent limitations for work of high accuracy. Automated scanning techniques are described in Section 11.
4.3 For dosimetry applications, different energy regions of the neutron spectrum can be selectively emphasized by changing the nuclide used for the fission deposit.
4.4 It is possible to use SSTR directly for neutron do...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the use of solid-state track recorders (SSTRs) for neutron dosimetry in light-water reactor (LWR) applications. These applications extend from low neutron fluence to high neutron fluence, including high power pressure vessel surveillance and test reactor irradiations as well as low power benchmark field measurement. (1)2 This test method replaces Method E418. This test method is more detailed and special attention is given to the use of state-of-the-art manual and automated track counting methods to attain high absolute accuracies. In-situ dosimetry in actual high fluence-high temperature LWR applications is emphasized.
1.2 This test method includes SSTR analysis by both manual and automated methods. To attain a desired accuracy, the track scanning method selected places limits on the allowable track density. Typically good results are obtained in the range of 5 to 800 000 tracks/cm2 and accurate results at higher track densities have been demonstrated for some cases. (2) Track density and other factors place limits on the applicability of the SSTR method at high fluences. Special care must be exerted when measuring neutron fluences (E>1MeV) above 1016 n/cm2 (3) .
1.3 Low fluence and high fluence limitations exist. These limitations are discussed in detail in Sections 13 and 14 and in Refs (3-5).
1.4 SSTR observations provide time-integrated reaction rates. Therefore, SSTR are truly passive-fluence detectors. They provide permanent records of dosimetry experiments without the need for time-dependent corrections, such as decay factors that arise with radiometric monitors.
1.5 Since SSTR provide a spatial record of the time-integrated reaction rate at a microscopic level, they can be used for “fine-structure” measurements. For example, spatial distributions of isotopic fission rates can be obtained at very high resolution with SSTR.
1.6 This standard does not purport to addres...
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Designation:E854 −14
Standard Test Method for
Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder
1
(SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance, E706(IIIB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope butions of isotopic fission rates can be obtained at very high
resolution with SSTR.
1.1 This test method describes the use of solid-state track
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety
recorders (SSTRs) for neutron dosimetry in light-water reactor
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
(LWR) applications. These applications extend from low
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
neutron fluence to high neutron fluence, including high power
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
pressurevesselsurveillanceandtestreactorirradiationsaswell
2
tions prior to use.
as low power benchmark field measurement. (1) This test
method replaces Method E418. This test method is more
2. Referenced Documents
detailed and special attention is given to the use of state-of-
3
the-art manual and automated track counting methods to attain
2.1 ASTM Standards:
high absolute accuracies. In-situ dosimetry in actual high
E418Test Method for Fast-Neutron Flux Measurements by
4
fluence-high temperature LWR applications is emphasized.
Track-Etch Techniques (Withdrawn 1984)
E844Guide for Sensor Set Design and Irradiation for
1.2 This test method includes SSTR analysis by both
Reactor Surveillance, E 706 (IIC)
manual and automated methods. To attain a desired accuracy,
the track scanning method selected places limits on the
3. Summary of Test Method
allowable track density. Typically good results are obtained in
2
the range of 5 to 800 000 tracks/cm and accurate results at
3.1 SSTR are usually placed in firm surface contact with a
higher track densities have been demonstrated for some cases.
fissionable nuclide that has been deposited on a pure nonfis-
(2) Track density and other factors place limits on the appli-
sionable metal substrate (backing). This typical SSTR geom-
cability of the SSTR method at high fluences. Special care
etry is depicted in Fig. 1. Neutron-induced fission produces
must be exerted when measuring neutron fluences (E>1MeV)
latent fission-fragment tracks in the SSTR. These tracks may
16 2
above 10 n/cm (3).
be developed by chemical etching to a size that is observable
with an optical microscope. Microphotographs of etched fis-
1.3 Low fluence and high fluence limitations exist. These
siontracksinmica,quartzglass,andnaturalquartzcrystalscan
limitations are discussed in detail in Sections 13 and 14 and in
be seen in Fig. 2.
Refs (3-5).
3.1.1 While the conventional SSTR geometry depicted in
1.4 SSTR observations provide time-integrated reaction
Fig. 1 is not mandatory, it does possess distinct advantages for
rates. Therefore, SSTR are truly passive-fluence detectors.
dosimetry applications. In particular, it provides the highest
They provide permanent records of dosimetry experiments
efficiency and sensitivity while maintaining a fixed and easily
withouttheneedfortime-dependentcorrections,suchasdecay
reproducible geometry.
factors that arise with radiometric monitors.
3.1.2 Thetrackdensity(thatis,thenumberoftracksperunit
1.5 Since SSTR provide a spatial record of the time-
area) is proportional to the fission density (that is, the number
integratedreactionrateatamicroscopiclevel,theycanbeused
of fissions per unit area). The fission density is, in turn,
for “fine-structure” measurements. For example, spatial distri-
proportionaltotheexposurefluenceexperiencedbytheSSTR.
The existence of nonuniformity in the fission deposit or the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE10onNuclear
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
E10.05 on Nuclear Radiation Metrology. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1981.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asE854–03(2009).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0854-14. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
this test method. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E854 − 03 (Reapproved 2009) E854 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Application and Analysis of Solid State Track Recorder
1
(SSTR) Monitors for Reactor Surveillance, E706(IIIB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the use of solid-state track recorders (SSTRs) for neutron dosimetry in light-water reactor (LWR)
applications. These applications extend from low neutron fluence to high neutron fluence, including high power pressure vessel
2
surveillance and test reactor irradiations as well as low power benchmark field measurement. (1) This test method replaces
Method E418. This test method is more detailed and special attention is given to the use of state-of-the-art manual and automated
track counting methods to attain high absolute accuracies. In-situ dosimetry in actual high fluence-high temperature LWR
applications is emphasized.
1.2 This test method includes SSTR analysis by both manual and automated methods. To attain a desired accuracy, the track
scanning method selected places limits on the allowable track density. Typically good results are obtained in the range of 5 to
2
800 000 tracks/cm and accurate results at higher track densities have been demonstrated for some cases. (2) Track density and
other factors place limits on the applicability of the SSTR method at high fluences. Special care must be exerted when measuring
16 2
neutron fluences (E>1MeV) above 10 n/cm . (3)).
1.3 High fluence Low fluence and high fluence limitations exist. These limitations are discussed in detail in SectionSections 13
and 14 and in referencesRefs (3-5).
1.4 SSTR observations provide time-integrated reaction rates. Therefore, SSTR are truly passive-fluence detectors. They
provide permanent records of dosimetry experiments without the need for time-dependent corrections, such as decay factors that
arise with radiometric monitors.
1.5 Since SSTR provide a spatial record of the time-integrated reaction rate at a microscopic level, they can be used for
“fine-structure” measurements. For example, spatial distributions of isotopic fission rates can be obtained at very high resolution
with SSTR.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
E418 Test Method for Fast-Neutron Flux Measurements by Track-Etch Techniques (Withdrawn 1984)
E844 Guide for Sensor Set Design and Irradiation for Reactor Surveillance, E 706 (IIC)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 SSTR are usually placed in firm surface contact with a fissionable nuclide that has been deposited on a pure nonfissionable
metal substrate (backing). This typical SSTR geometry is depicted in Fig. 1. Neutron-induced fission produces latent
fission-fragment tracks in the SSTR. These tracks may be developed by chemical etching to a size that is observable with an optical
microscope. Microphotographs of etched fission tracks in mica, quartz glass, and natural quartz crystals can be seen in Fig. 2.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E10.05
on Nuclear Radiation Metrology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009July 1, 2014. Published June 2009October 2014. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
E854 – 03.E854 – 03(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E0854-03R09.10.1520/E0854-14.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to this test method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E854 − 14
FIG. 1 Typical Geom
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