ASTM D1601-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The knowledge of dilute solution viscosity serves as an additional tool in characterizing ethylene polymers. Viscosity data alone is potentially a limited value in predicting the processing behavior of the polymer. However, when used in conjunction with other flow and physical property values, the solution viscosity of ethylene polymers contributes to characterizing the material.
4.2 Satisfactory correlation between solution viscosity and certain other properties is possible from polymers of a single manufacturing process. The solution viscosity test is not sensitive to some molecular configurational patterns that occur among polymers from different manufacturing processes. Hence, its correlation with other properties of polymers produced by different processes, by even one manufacturer, is limited without structural characterization.
4.3 The viscosity of polymer solutions has the potential to be drastically affected by the presence of known or unknown additives in the sample. The use of solution viscosity data where ethylene polymers are known or suspected to contain colorants, carbon black, low molecular weight hydrocarbons, fillers, or other additives needs to be considered.
4.4 The measurement of dilute solution viscosity of ethylene polymers presents problems not ordinarily encountered in viscosimetry. Ethylene polymers are not soluble at room temperature in any known solvent. Some of the higher density materials are insoluble below 100°C. Extreme care must be exercised in transferring the solution to the viscometer for the test if the correct solution concentration is to be maintained. This test has no significance unless the sample is completely soluble.
4.5 The solution viscosity is a function of the root-mean-square size of the polymer molecules in solution. It is known that the solvent selected and the temperature of the determination have an effect on the root-mean-square size of the particles. Hence, where a viscometer, solvent, or temper...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dilute solution viscosity of ethylene polymers at 135°C. It is applicable to a reasonably wide spectrum of ethylene polymers having densities from 0.910 to 0.970 g/cm2. Directions are given for the determination of relative viscosity (viscosity ratio), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), and intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number).
1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
Note 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 1628-3.
Note 2: Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 contain material from the previous version of Test Method D1601 and are included for information only.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1601 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dilute
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
solution viscosity of ethylene polymers at 135°C. It is appli-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
cable to a reasonably wide spectrum of ethylene polymers
2
ity)
having densities from 0.910 to 0.970 g/cm . Directions are
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
given for the determination of relative viscosity (viscosity
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
ratio), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), and
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
intrinsic viscosity (limiting viscosity number).
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tics
standard.
D4020 Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Poly-
ethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Laboratory Applications
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International
1.3.1 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been
ISO 1628-3 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number
demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to
and Limiting Viscosity Number—Part 3: Polyethylenes
materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury
and Polypropylenes
and mercury containing products. See the applicable product
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users
3. Terminology
should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury contain-
3.1 Units, symbols, and abbreviations used in this test
ing products into your state or country may be prohibited by
method are those recommended in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 and
law.
NOTE 1—This standard is equivalent to ISO 1628-3. Terminologies D883 and D1600.
NOTE 2—Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 contain material from the
previous version of Test Method D1601 and are included for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 The knowledge of dilute solution viscosity serves as an
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
additional tool in characterizing ethylene polymers. Viscosity
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
data alone is potentially a limited value in predicting the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
processing behavior of the polymer. However, when used in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
conjunction with other flow and physical property values, the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
solution viscosity of ethylene polymers contributes to charac-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
terizing the material.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(Section D20.70.05). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1601 - 12. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D1601-18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1601 − 18
4.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1601 − 12 D1601 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dilute solution viscosity of ethylene polymers at 135°C. It is applicable
2
to a reasonably wide spectrum of ethylene polymers having densities from 0.910 to 0.970 g/cm . Directions are given for the
determination of relative viscosity (viscosity ratio), inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number), and intrinsic viscosity
(limiting viscosity number) (see number).Appendix X4).
1.2 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should
be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for
additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
may be prohibited by law.
NOTE 1—This test method standard is technically equivalent to ISO 1628-3.
NOTE 2—Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 contain material from the previous version of Test Method D1601 and are included for information only.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D4020 Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials
E1E2251 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersLiquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
Precision Liquids
E2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 1628-3 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number and Limiting Viscosity Number—Part 3: Polyethylenes and
Polypropylenes
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods (Section
D20.70.05).
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012May 1, 2018. Published September 2012June 2018. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20042012 as
D1601 - 99D1601 - 12.(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D1601-12.10.1520/D1601-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
...
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