ASTM D7874-13(2022)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Applying Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to In-Service Lubricant Testing
Standard Guide for Applying Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to In-Service Lubricant Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended as a guideline for fluid analysis programs and serves as an initial justification for selecting fluid tests and sampling frequencies. Plant operating experience along with the review and benchmarking of similar applications is required to ensure that lessons learned are implemented.
5.2 Selection of proper fluid tests for assessing in-service component condition may have both safety and economic implications. Some failure modes may cause component disintegration, increasing the safety hazard. Thus, any fluid test that can predict such conditions should be included in the condition-monitoring program. Conversely, to maintain a sustainable and successful fluid-monitoring program, the scope of the fluid tests and their frequency should be carefully balanced between the associated risks versus expected program cost savings and benefits.
5.3 The failure modes monitored may be similar from one application to the next, but the risk and consequences of failure may differ.
5.4 This analysis can be used to determine which in-service lubricant analysis tests would be of highest value and which would be ineffective for the failure modes of interest. This information can also be used to determine the best monitoring strategy for a suite of failure modes and how often assessment is needed to manage the risk of failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a methodology to select tests to be used for in-service lubricant analysis. The selection of fluid tests for monitoring failure mode progression in industrial applications applies the principles of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA).
1.2 Although typical FMEA addresses all possible product failure modes, the focus of this guide is not intended to address failures that have a very high probability of unsafe operation as these should immediately be addressed by other means.
1.3 This guide is limited to components selected for condition-monitoring programs by providing a methodology to choose fluid tests associated with specific failure modes for the purpose of identifying their earliest developing stage and monitoring fault progression. The scope of this guide is also focused on those failure modes and their consequences that can effectively be detected and monitored by fluid analysis techniques.
1.4 This guide pertains to a process to be used to ensure an appropriate amount of condition monitoring is performed with the objective of improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing fluid analysis monitoring of industrial machinery. This guide can also be used to select the monitoring frequencies needed to make the failure determinations and provide an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a current condition-monitoring program.
1.5 This guide does not eliminate the programmatic requirements for appropriate assembly, operational, and maintenance practices.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7874 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Applying Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to In-
1
Service Lubricant Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This guide describes a methodology to select tests to be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
used for in-service lubricant analysis. The selection of fluid
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tests for monitoring failure mode progression in industrial
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
applications applies the principles of failure mode and effect
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
analysis (FMEA).
1.2 Although typical FMEA addresses all possible product
2. Referenced Documents
failure modes, the focus of this guide is not intended to address
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
failures that have a very high probability of unsafe operation as
D7684 Guide for Microscopic Characterization of Particles
these should immediately be addressed by other means.
from In-Service Lubricants
1.3 This guide is limited to components selected for
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
condition-monitoring programs by providing a methodology to
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
choose fluid tests associated with specific failure modes for the
and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
purpose of identifying their earliest developing stage and
2.2 IEC Standard:
monitoring fault progression. The scope of this guide is also
IEC 60812 Analysis Techniques for System Reliability—
focusedonthosefailuremodesandtheirconsequencesthatcan
ProcedureforFailureModeandEffectsAnalysis(FMEA),
effectively be detected and monitored by fluid analysis tech-
2006
niques.
1.4 This guide pertains to a process to be used to ensure an 3. Terminology
appropriate amount of condition monitoring is performed with
3.1 Definitions:
the objective of improving equipment reliability, reducing
3.1.1 cause(s) of failure, n—underlying source(s) for each
maintenance costs, and enhancing fluid analysis monitoring of
potential failure mode that can be identified and described by
industrial machinery. This guide can also be used to select the
analytical testing.
monitoring frequencies needed to make the failure determina-
3.1.2 component incipient failure, n—moment a component
tions and provide an assessment of the strengths and weak-
begins to deteriorate or undergo changes that will eventually
nesses of a current condition-monitoring program.
lead to the loss of its design function.
1.5 This guide does not eliminate the programmatic require-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This moment may not be easily detect-
ments for appropriate assembly, operational, and maintenance
ablebecauseofsensitivitylimitationsofmonitoringinstrumen-
practices.
tation or a lack of measurable change in performance charac-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the teristics or both.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 criticality number, C, n—product of the severity (S)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and occurrence (O) numbers for a given failure mode’s causes
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and effects.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 design function, n—function or task that the system or
component should perform.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D02.96.04 on Guidelines for In-Services Lubricants Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7874 – 13 (2018). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7874-13R22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7874 − 13 (2022)
3
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.