ASTM D5859-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Traction of Footwear on Painted Surfaces Using the Variable Incidence Tester
Standard Test Method for Determining the Traction of Footwear on Painted Surfaces Using the Variable Incidence Tester
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the traction of footwear on painted walkway surfaces under both dry and wet conditions in the laboratory and the field.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5859–96
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Traction of Footwear on Painted Surfaces
Using the Variable Incidence Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the traction
of footwear on painted walkway surfaces under both dry and
wet conditions in the laboratory and the field.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Description of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 friction—the resistance developed between the physi-
FIG. 1 Variable Incidence Tester
cally contacting surfaces of two bodies when there is a
movement or attempted movement of one body relative to the
the delay between the time the slider is set down onto the
other parallel to the plane of contact.
surface and the time it starts to slip.
2.1.2 coeffıcient of friction (COF)—the ratio of the horizon-
3.2 As the test progresses, the shoe descends, makes contact
tal component of force (parallel to the walkway surface and
withthesubstrate,andcontinuestobesubjectedtotheconstant
passing through the tester center of gravity) required to
vertical load, in addition to an increasing horizontal or tangen-
overcome the friction to the normal component of the vertical
tial load, until slip occurs. The tangent of the angle that the
force (weight) of the object.
tester makes with respect to the vertical, at the instant of slip,
is taken to be the ratio of the horizontal and vertical compo-
3. Summary of Test Method
nents of the force applied to the shoe and thus the coefficient of
3.1 The variable incidence tester, shown in Fig. 1, operates
friction.
independent of gravity and is self-powered by a miniature
3.3 When slippage occurs, the strut will kick out in an arc.
carbon dioxide cartridge. It uses an articulated strut but differs
The angle at which slippage just begins to occur, which is read
from the James and Hunter machines. Its fluidics actuation
from the protractor scale, is the slip index or the static
applies the load to a slider shoe instantaneously, thereby
coefficient of friction.
overcomingthewell-known“stiction”problemthatarisesfrom
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The variable incidence tester is a laboratory and field
instrument designed to measure the slip resistance of paint or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on Safety
and Traction for Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.10
related materials to determine their traction properties in a
on Traction.
clean and dry state or in the presence of environmental
Current edition approved April 10, 1996. Published June 1996.
2 contaminants encountered in situ.
TheEnglishXL,iscoveredbyapatentheldbyWilliamEnglishandisavailable
4.2 The indication of this test apparatus is believed to relate
from William English, Inc., 20500 North River Rd., Alva, FL 33920. It has been
found suitable for this use. Interested parties are invited to submit information
slip resistance of the surface tested in the test environment. It
regarding the identification of acceptable alternatives to this patented item to the
does not contemplate floor materials, characteristics of indi-
Committee on Standards,ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Consho-
vidual human gaits, and other factors besides the floor surface
hocken, PA 19428-2959. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5859–96
4.3 The relative slip resistance of a floor surface may be be slightly beveled to remove any sharp edges. Sanding
measured under wet or dry conditions or in the presence of particles should then be dusted off with a clean paint brush.
other environmental contaminants using the specific foot 6.3 Following initial preparation, the foot is screwed onto
assembly. the nut on the universal joint. Screw the joint together until
snug and then back off ⁄4 turn.
5. Apparatus
2 7. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Variable Incidence Tester —The tester is constructed as
7.1 Silicon Carbide Paper, 400-grit wet or dry.
follows:
7.2 Cleaner.
5.1.1 Chassis—A rigid welded aluminum frame fabricated
7.3 Standard Slider Pad.
from ⁄8 by 1-in. (9 by 25-mm) flat bar fitted with three
7.4 Rags, Sponge or Paper Towels.
slip-resistant feet that rest on the test surface.
7.5 Distilled Water.
5.1.2 Mast Assembly—A rigid welded aluminum frame
7.6 Hand-Pumped Spray Bottle.
fabricated from ⁄4 by 1-in. (6 by 25-mm) flat bar attached to
7.7 Paint Brush.
the chassis with a hinge joint that permits it to be inclined from
7.8 Two (2) Part Epoxy Adhesive.
vertical 90° to 45°.
7.9 Soft Fiber Bristle Brush.
5.1.3 Handle—A 1-in. (25-mm) diameter aluminum tube
7.10 Double-Stick Tape.
bolted to the top of the mast assembly that can be used to lift
and carry the tester and is grasped to apply a downward force
8. Tester Operational Check
to the tester to prevent sliding on the test surface while
8.1 Place the tester on a flat surface.
operating.
8.2 Insert a pressurized gas cartridge into its holder on the
5.1.4 Actuating Cylinder—A miniature pneumatic cylinder
chassis and tighten the clamp screw until pressure registers on
is mounted to the mast assembly by a hinged joint to permit
the gage.
swinging of the universal foot when slippage occurs.
8.3 Cycle the tester twice to verify that the piston shaft
5.1.5 Universal Foot Assembly—A universal joint between
moves freely and stabilizes the working pressure.
the slider disc and the piston rod of the actuating cylinder
permitstheoperatingforcetoapplytheslidertothetestsurface
9. Procedure (Dry)
in a manner not unlike the human foot in walking.Acoil spring
9.1 The test area or test specimens shall not be less than 2
brings the universal foot to approximate neutral alignment
in. (5 cm ).
following each power stroke.
9.2 Before testing is begun, clean the test surface with a soft
5.1.6 Articulated Strut—The actuating cylinder and univer-
fiber bristle brush and cleaner at a dilution rate of one part
sal foot assembly comprise the articulated strut. It is the
cleaner to ten parts distilled water. Rinse the surface with
movement of this assembly about its hinge pin that permits the
distilled wa
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