ASTM C1001-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Soil by Alpha Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Soil by Alpha Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A soil sampling and analysis program provides a direct means of determining the concentration and distribution of radionuclides in soil. A soil analysis program has the most significance for the preoperational monitoring program to establish baseline concentrations prior to the operation of a nuclear facility. Soil analysis, although useful in special cases involving unexpected releases, is a poor technique for assessing small incremental releases and is therefore not recommended as a method for routine monitoring releases of radioactive material. Nevertheless, because soil is an integrator and a reservoir of long-lived radionuclides, and serves as an intermediary in several of the plutonium pathways of potential importance to humans, knowledge of the concentration of plutonium in soil is essential.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of plutonium in soils at levels of detection dependent on count time, sample size, detector, background, and tracer yield. This test method describes one acceptable approach to the determination of plutonium in soil.
1.2 This test method is designed for 10 g of soil, previously collected and treated as described in Practices C998 and C999, but sample sizes up to 50 g may be analyzed by this test method. This test method may not be able to completely dissolve all forms of plutonium in the soil matrix.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1001 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Soil by Alpha
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C999Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determi-
nation of Radionuclides
1.1 This test method covers the determination of plutonium
C1163PracticeforMountingActinidesforAlphaSpectrom-
in soils at levels of detection dependent on count time, sample
etry Using Neodymium Fluoride
size, detector, background, and tracer yield. This test method
C1284Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for
describes one acceptable approach to the determination of
Alpha Spectrometry
plutonium in soil.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.2 This test method is designed for 10 g of soil, previously
D3084Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
collectedandtreatedasdescribedinPracticesC998andC999,
D3648Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
but sample sizes up to 50 g may be analyzed by this test
D7282Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
method. This test method may not be able to completely
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
dissolve all forms of plutonium in the soil matrix.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definition of terms
only.
are as given in Terminology C859.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1 Plutonium is extracted from the soil with a mixture of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- nitric, hydrofluoric, and hydrochloric acids in the presence of
242 236
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Pu or Pu isotopic tracer (See Appendix for purification
236
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10. and standardization of Pu tracer). Plutonium is isolated by
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- anion exchange, then electrodeposited onto a polished metal
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- diskfordeterminationbyalphaspectrometry.Asanoption,the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the plutonium may be prepared for alpha spectrometry measure-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- ment by using coprecipitation with neodymium fluoride. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical range of chemical yield is between 40 and 90%. The test
3
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. method is based on a published procedure (1).
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 Asoil sampling and analysis program provides a direct
2.1 ASTM Standards:
means of determining the concentration and distribution of
C859Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
radionuclides in soil. A soil analysis program has the most
C998Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
significance for the preoperational monitoring program to
establish baseline concentrations prior to the operation of a
nuclear facility. Soil analysis, although useful in special cases
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC26onNuclear
involving unexpected releases, is a poor technique for assess-
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
Test. ing small incremental releases and is therefore not recom-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
mended as a method for routine monitoring releases of
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1001–11. DOI:
radioactivematerial.Nevertheless,becausesoilisanintegrator
10.1520/C1001-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1001 − 19
and a reservoi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1001 − 11 C1001 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Soil by Alpha
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of plutonium in soils at levels of detection dependent on count time, sample size,
detector, background, and tracer yield. This test method describes one acceptable approach to the determination of plutonium in
soil.
1.2 This test method is designed for 10 g of soil, previously collected and treated as described in Practices C998 and C999, but
sample sizes up to 50 g may be analyzed by this test method. This test method may not be able to completely dissolve all forms
of plutonium in the soil matrix.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardprecautionary statements are given in Section 910.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides
C1163 Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride
C1284 Practice for Electrodeposition of the Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3084 Practice for Alpha-Particle Spectrometry of Water
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
3. Terminology
3.1 Except as otherwise defined herein, definition of terms are as given in Terminology C859.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Plutonium is extracted from the soil with a mixture of nitric, hydrofluoric, and hydrochloric acids in the presence of
242 236 236
Pu or Pu isotopic tracer (See Appendix for purification and standardization of Pu tracer). Plutonium is isolated by anion
exchange, then electrodeposited onto a polished metal disk for determination by alpha spectrometry. As an option, the plutonium
may be prepared for alpha spectrometry measurement by using coprecipitation with neodymium fluoride. The range of chemical
3
yield is between 40 and 90 %. The test method is based on a published procedure (1).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011Nov. 1, 2019. Published February 2011December 2019. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as C1001 – 05.C1001 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1001-11.10.1520/C1001-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1001 − 19
5. Significance and Use
5.1 A soil sampling and analysis program provides a direct means of determining the concentration and distribution of
radionuclides in soil. A soil analysis program has the most significance for the preoperational monitoring program to establish
baseline concentrations prior to the operation of a nuclear facility. Soil analysis, although useful in sp
...
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