ASTM D857-02

Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorption determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing dissolved and total recoverable aluminum in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approximately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.  
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D1886), chromium (Test Methods D1687), cobalt (Test Methods D3558), copper (Test Methods D1688), iron (Test Methods D1068), lead (Test Method D3559), manganese (Test Method D858), and zinc (Test Methods D1691).
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent, natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 1, 2, and 4.  
1.6 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C (Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2002
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D857-95 - Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D857-07 - Standard Test Method for Aluminum in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D4195-23 - Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4309-18 - Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1971-16(2021)e1 - Standard Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 857–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Aluminum in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2
D 1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
1.1 This test method covers the direct flame atomic absorp-
2
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
tion determination of aluminum in the nitrous oxide-acetylene
2
D 1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
flame.
2
D 1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
1.2 This test method is applicable to waters containing
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
dissolvedandtotalrecoverablealuminumintherangefrom0.5
2
Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water
to 5.0 mg/L. Aluminum concentrations as high as approxi-
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
mately 50 mg/L can be determined using this test method
2
duits
without dilution. However, no precision and bias data are
2
D 3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
available for concentrations greater than 5.0 mg/L.
2
D 3559 Test Method for Lead in Water
1.3 This test method was tested on reagent, natural, and
D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Times for Water
potable waters. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the
2
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
2
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
1.4 The same digestion procedure may be used to determine
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
total recoverable nickel (Test Methods D 1886), chromium
3
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
(Test Methods D 1687), cobalt (Test Methods D 3558), copper
(TestMethodsD 1688),iron(TestMethodsD 1068),lead(Test
3. Terminology
Method D 3559), manganese (Test Method D 858), and zinc
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
(Test Methods D 1691).
methods, refer to Terminology D 1129.
1.5 Precision and bias data have been obtained on reagent,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
natural, and potable waters. It is the responsibility of the user
3.2.1 total recoverable aluminum—an arbitrary term relat-
to ensure the validity of this test method on untested matrices.
ing to the forms of aluminum recovered in the acid digestion
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
procedure specified in this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Aluminum is determined by direct atomic absorption
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
with only the addition of an ionization suppressor and sensi-
statements, see Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3.
tivity enhancer (optional).
1.7 Former Test Methods A (Fluorometric) and B and C
(Spectrophotometric) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix
5. Significance and Use
X1 for historical information.
5.1 Although there is little information available concerning
the toxicological significance of aluminum in man, theAmeri-
2. Referenced Documents
can Water Works Association has established a water quality
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 guideline or goal of a maximum of 0.05 mg/L. Under the
D 858 Test Method for Manganese in Water
2 National Pollution Discharge Elimination System, some per-
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
2 mits may set aluminum discharge limits. Some evidence does
D 1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
2 exist to indicate that low levels (5 mg/L) will interfere with
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
activated sludge processes. For the above reasons monitoring
of aluminum may be desirable.
1
5.2 Aluminum is monitored in boiler make-up water, where
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
alum has been used, to determine whether aluminum is present
Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally
published as D 857 – 45 T. Last previous edition D 857 – 95.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D857–02
after pretreatment. Residual aluminum may consume ion (AlK(SO ) ·12H O) in water. Add 1 mL of nitric acid and
4 2 2
exchan
...