ASTM A437/A437M-00a

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose applications. The term "bolting material," as used in this specification, covers rolled or forged bars, bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the material covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment, which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the material.
Note 1—High-temperature tests shall not be required, unless made a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D. Selection will depend on the design and the stresses and service for which the product is to be used.
Note 2—When ordering material under this specification, or when incorporating this specification as a reference in any individual specification, the purchaser must designate the steel by identification symbol or analysis, or both, and definitely specify the minimum mechanical properties required as selected from Table 1.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2001
• ICS: 21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A437/A437M-01 - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Referred By: ASTM A962/A962M-23a - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 437/A 437M – 00a An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material Specially Heat
Treated for High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 437/A 437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
1.1 This specification covers alloy-steel bolting material
cation.
specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as
steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. This material
2. Referenced Documents
requires special processing and should not be used in general-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
purpose applications. The term “bolting material,” as used in
A 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirements
this specification, covers rolled or forged bars, bolts, nuts,
for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended
screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot
for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless
Range
grinding or by cold drawing.
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the material covered
Blooms, and Forgings
by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment,
which is required. Although the high-temperature properties
3. Common Requirements
are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry,
3.1 Material and Fasteners supplied to this specification
heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the mate-
shall conform to Specification A 962/A 962M. These require-
rial.
ments include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking
NOTE 1—High-temperature tests shall not be required, unless made a
certification, optional supplementary requirements, and others.
matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated those of A 962/A 962M. then the requirements of this specifi-
Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D. Selection will depend on the
cation shall prevail.
design and the stresses and service for which the product is to
4. Ordering Information
be used.
4.1 The inquiry and order should indicate the following:
NOTE 2—When ordering material under this specification, or when
4.1.1 Specification designation, grade and class, issue date
incorporating this specification as a reference in any individual specifica-
and revision letter,
tion, the purchaser must designate the steel by identification symbol or
4.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
analysis, or both, and definitely specify the minimum mechanical prop-
erties required as selected from Table 1.
4.1.3 Description (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),
4.1.4 Dimensions,
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
4.1.5 Finish,
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
4.1.6 Impact testing of nuts, if required (see Section 9).
applicable“ M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
5. Discard
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
5.1 A sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
ensure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
5.2 Quality—To ensure soundness, bars and wire shall be
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
tested in accordance with Method E 381 or other suitable
method as agreed upon between the purchaser and the pro-
1 ducer. When bar or wire is supplied, the bar or wire producer
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee shall perform the test. When fasteners are supplied, either the
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
bar or wire producer or the fastener producer, as agreed upon
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally
published as A 437 – 59 T. Last previous edition A 437/A 437M – 00.
2 3
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
cation SA-437 in Section II of that code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 437/A 437M
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
B
Element Grades B4B, B4C Grade B4D
Grade Diameter, in. [mm] Tensile Yield Elongation
Range, % Product Range, % Product
Strength, Strength in 2 in. or Reduction
Variation, %, Variation, %,
min, ksi (0.2 % 50 mm, of Area,
Over or Over or
[MPa] offset) min, min, % min, %
Under Under
ksi [MPa]
Carbon 0.20–0.25 0.02 0.36–0.44 0.02
B4B . 145 [1000] 105 [720] 13 30
Manganese 0.50–1.00 0.03 0.45–0.70 0.03
B4C . 115 [790] 85 [585] 18 50
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.005 over 0.04 0.005 over
B4D 2 ⁄2 [65] and under 125 105 18 50
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.005 over 0.04 0.005 over
[860] [720]
Silicon 0.20–0.50 0.05 0.20–0.35 0.02
over 2 ⁄2 to 4 [65 to 110 95 17 45
Nickel 0.50–1.00 0.03 . .
100] [760] [655]
Chromium 11.0–12.5 0.15 0.80–1.15 0.05
over 4 to 7 [100 to 100 85 16 45
Molybdenum 0.90–1.25 0.05 0.50–0.65 0.03
180] [690] [585]
Vanadium 0.20–0.30 0.03 0.25–0.35 0.03
Tungsten 0.90–1.25 0.05 . .
C
Aluminum, max 0.05 . 0.015 .
Titanium, max 0.05 . . .
between them, shall perform the test. Quality control proce-
Tin, max 0.04 . . .
A
dures shall be sufficient to demonstrate the testing was per-
Steel to which lead has been added shall not be used.
B
UNS S42200.
formed and the results were acceptable. Each heat shall be
C
Total, Soluble + Insoluble
represented by a minimum of one macroetch. The macroetch
examination shall be made on representative billets from which
8.2 The longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be
the material will be produced or on samples cut from the ends
parallel to the direction of rolling.
of the bars. Visual examinati
...