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ASTM F1358-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame Resistance

Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame Resistance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing, where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection designated.  
Flame resistance is a distinctive property of clothing items designated for isolating parts of the body from anticipated flame hazards. It is possible that protective clothing designated for isolation from other hazard, such as those for chemical or biological protection, neither have flame resistance nor isolate the wearer from flame hazards. This test method can be used to evaluate the effects of flame impingement on protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary objective of protection.  
When flame resistance is the primary protection offered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods can be used. A test method that is useful for evaluating flame resistance of textiles is Test Method D 6413. Index D 4723 contains descriptions and guidance on other flammability test methods for textiles.
This test method is useful to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing not designated for flame resistance when the outer material surface is exposed to the flame. As such, it is particularly suited to protective clothing materials which are composed of different layers such as coated fabrics, laminates, or multilayer clothing systems.
Correlation of data from this test method with the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of protective clothing (not designated for flame resistance) under actual use conditions is not implied.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection provided by the clothing.
1.1.1 It is more appropriate to evaluate materials used in applications where flame resistance is the primary form of protection provided by the clothing by other flammability test methods. This test method shall not be used to evaluate materials where flame resistance is the primary form of protection offered by the protective clothing.
1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include plastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates, multilayer-material systems, or other protective clothing materials that are not designated for offering flame resistance as their primary form of protection.
1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be regarded separately. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently, without combining values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2008
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.80 - Flame and Thermal
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1358-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame Resistance
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1052-20 - Standard Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective Suits
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1494-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2302-22 - Standard Performance Specification for Labeling Protective Clothing Which Provides Resistance to Incidental Exposures to Heat or Open Flame
Effective Date
01-May-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1358 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in
Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame
1
Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
screening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of
burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing
Textiles
where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection
D4723 Classification Index of and Descriptions of Textile
provided by the clothing.
Flammability Test Methods
1.1.1 It is more appropriate to evaluate materials used in
D6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-
applications where flame resistance is the primary form of
tical Test)
protection provided by the clothing by other flammability test
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
methods. This test method shall not be used to evaluate
materials where flame resistance is the primary form of
3. Terminology
protection offered by the protective clothing.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease
method, related to the combustion of textiles, refer to the
of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include
terminology contained in Terminology D4391. For definitions
plastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates,
of terms used in this test method, related to protective clothing,
multilayer-material systems, or other protective clothing mate-
refer to the terminology contained in Terminology F1494. For
rials that are not designated for offering flame resistance as
definitions of terms used in this test method, related to textile
their primary form of protection.
issues, refer to the terminology contained in Terminology
1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of
D123.
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
3.2 afterflame,n—persistent flaming of a material after the
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
ignition source has been removed.
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
3.3 after-flame time, n—the length of time for which a
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
material continues to flame after the ignition source has been
1.3 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be
removed.
regarded separately. The values stated in each system may not
3.4 afterglow, n—a glow in a material after the removal of
be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
an external ignition source or after the cessation (natural or
independently, without combining values.
induced) of flaming of the material (see also glow).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.5 anisotropic, adj—having different values for a specific
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
property in different directions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.5.1 Discussion—Whenthistestmethodisusedtoevaluate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
textile-based materials, this term refers to warp (wale) and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
filling (course) directions. When this test method is used for
nonwoven materials, this term refers to machine and cross-
machine directions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on Personal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1358 - 00 (2005). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1358-08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1358 − 08
3.6 burning behavior, n—all the changes that take place 3.16.1 Discussion—In evaluating the effects of flame im-
when materials or products are exposed to a specified ignition pingement of material used in pr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1358–00 (Reapproved 2005) Designation:F1358–08
Standard Test Method for
Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in
Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame
1
Resistance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and burning
characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection provided by
the clothing.
1.1.1 It is more appropriate to evaluate materials used in applications where flame resistance is the primary form of protection
provided by the clothing by other flammability test methods. This test method shall not be used to evaluate materials where flame
resistance is the primary form of protection offered by the protective clothing.
1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include plastic
or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates, multilayer-material systems, or other protective clothing materials that are
not designated for offering flame resistance as their primary form of protection.
1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be regarded separately. The values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently, without combining values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 4391 Terminology Relating to theThe Burning Behavior of Textiles
D 4723IndexofandDescriptionsofTextileHeatandFlammabilityTestMethodsandPerformanceSpecifications Classification
Index of and Descriptions of Textile Flammability Test Methods
D 6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, related to the combustion of textiles, refer to the terminology
contained in Terminology F 4391. For definitions of terms used in this test method, related to protective clothing, refer to the
terminology contained in Terminology F 1494. For definitions of terms used in this test method, related to textile issues, refer to
the terminology contained in Terminology D 123.
3.2 afterflame,n—persistent flaming of a material after the ignition source has been removed.
3.3 after-flame time, n—the length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.
3.4 afterglow, n—a glow in a material after the removal of an external ignition source or after the cessation (natural or induced)
of flaming of the material (see also glow).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal.
Current edition approved JanuaryMay 1, 2005.2008. Published January 2005.May 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
F 1358 - 00 (2005).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1358–08
3.5 anisotropic, adj—having different values for a specific property in different directions.
3.5.1 Discussion—When this test method is used t
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2992-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing with Tomodynamometer Test Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the cut resistance of a material when exposed to a cutting edge under specified loads. Data obtained from this test method can be used to compare the cut resistance of different materials.  
5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting hazards that are related to a cutting action by a smooth sharp edge across the surface of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard to which the material may be subjected, such as serrated edges, saw blades, or motorized cutting tools. Nor is it representative of puncture, tear, or other modes of fabric failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cut resistance of a material when mounted on a specimen holder and subjected to a cutting edge under a specified load using a tomodynamometer.2  
1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface prior to cutting.  
1.1.2 Test apparatus may have limitations in testing materials with a thickness greater than 20 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.  
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.  
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.  
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.  
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.  
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.  
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3267-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

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