ASTM D6816-02

Standard Practice for Determining Low-Temperature Performance Grade (PG) of Asphalt Binders (Withdrawn 2011)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Estimated critical cracking temperature, as determined by this practice, is a criterion for specifying the low-temperature properties of asphalt binder in accordance with Specification D 6373.
This practice is designed to identify the temperature region where the induced thermal stress in a typical HMA subjected to rapid cooling (1°C/h) exceeds the fracture stress of the HMA.
For evaluating an asphalt binder for conformance to Specification D 6373, the test temperature for the BBR and DTT data is selected from Table 1 of Specification D 6373 according to the grade of asphalt binder.
Note 3—Other rates of elongation and test temperatures may be used to test asphalt binders for research purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation of low-temperature properties of asphalt binders using data from the bending beam rheometer (see Test Method D 6648) (BBR) and the direct tension tester (see Test Method D 6723) (DTT). It can be used on data from unaged material or from material aged using Test Method D 2872 (RTFOT), Practice D 6521 (PAV), or Test Method D 2872 (RTFOT) and Practice D 6521 (PAV). It can be used on data generated within the temperature range from +6C to -36C. This practice generates data suitable for use in binder specifications such as Specification D 6373.
1.2 This practice is only valid for data on materials that fall within the scope of suitability for both Test Method D 6648 and Test Method D 6723.
1.3 This practice can be used to determine the following:
1.3.1 Critical cracking temperature of an asphalt binder, and
1.3.2 Whether or not the failure stress exceeds the thermal stress in a binder at a given temperature.
1.4 This practice determines the critical cracking temperature for a typical asphalt binder based on the determination of the temperature where the asphalt binder's strength equals its thermal stress as calculated by this practice. The temperature so determined is intended to yield a low temperature PG Grade of the sample being tested. The low temperature PG grade is intended for use in purchase specifications and is not intended to be a performance prediction of the HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) in which the asphalt binder is used.
1.5 The development of this standard was based on SI units. In cases where units have been omitted, SI units are implied.
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—The algorithms contained in this standard require implementation by a person trained in the subject of numerical methods and viscoelasticity. However, due to the complexity of the calculations they must, of necessity, be performed on a computer. Software to perform the calculation may be written, purchased as a spreadsheet, or as a stand-alone program.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials, this Practice was withdrawn in 2011 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2002
• Withdrawal Date: 07-Apr-2011
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.44 - Rheological Tests

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6816-11 - Standard Practice for Determining Low-Temperature Performance Grade (PG) of Asphalt Binders
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7643-22 - Standard Practice for Determining the Continuous Grading Temperatures and Continuous Grades for PG Graded Asphalt Binders
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4887/D4887M-11(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Viscosity Blends for Hot Recycled Asphalt Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6373-23 - Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6816–02
Standard Practice for
Determining Low-Temperature Performance Grade (PG) of
1
Asphalt Binders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
tation by a person trained in the subject of numerical methods and
1. Scope
viscoelasticity. However, due to the complexity of the calculations they
1.1 This practice covers the calculation of low-temperature
must, of necessity, be performed on a computer. Software to perform the
propertiesofasphaltbindersusingdatafromthebendingbeam
calculationmaybewritten,purchasedasaspreadsheet,orasastand-alone
2
rheometer (see Test Method D6648) (BBR) and the direct
program.
tension tester (see Test Method D6723) (DTT). It can be used
2. Referenced Documents
on data from unaged material or from material aged usingTest
3
Method D2872 (RTFOT), Practice D6521 (PAV), or Test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Method D2872 (RTFOT) and Practice D6521 (PAV). It can be
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
used on data generated within the temperature range from for Test Methods for Construction Materials
+6°C to -36°C. This practice generates data suitable for use in
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
binder specifications such as Specification D6373. ments
1.2 This practice is only valid for data on materials that fall
D2872 Test Method for Effect of Heat andAir on a Moving
withinthescopeofsuitabilityforbothTestMethodD6648and Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)
Test Method D6723.
D6373 Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt
1.3 This practice can be used to determine the following: Binder
1.3.1 Criticalcrackingtemperatureofanasphaltbinder,and
D6521 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder
1.3.2 Whether or not the failure stress exceeds the thermal Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)
stress in a binder at a given temperature.
D6648 Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep
1.4 This practice determines the critical cracking tempera- Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam
ture for a typical asphalt binder based on the determination of Rheometer (BBR)
the temperature where the asphalt binder’s strength equals its
D6723 TestMethodforDeterminingtheFractureProperties
thermalstressascalculatedbythispractice.Thetemperatureso of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension (DT)
determinedisintendedtoyieldalowtemperaturePGGradeof
3. Terminology
the sample being tested. The low temperature PG grade is
intended for use in purchase specifications and is not intended 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms used in
to be a performance prediction of the HMA(Hot MixAsphalt) this standard, refer to Terminology D8.
in which the asphalt binder is used. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 ThedevelopmentofthisstandardwasbasedonSIunits. 3.2.1 Arrhenius parameter, a , n—this is the constant coef-
1
In cases where units have been omitted, SI units are implied. ficient in the Arrhenius model for shift factors: ln(a)=
T
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera- a ·((1/T) − (1/T )).
1 ref
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to 3.2.2 coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion, a, n—the
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its fractional change in size in one dimension associated with a
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to temperature increase of 1°C.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
The sole source of supply of the software package TSAR known to the
NOTE 1—The algorithms contained in this standard require implemen- committee at this time is Abatech, Incorporated. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
1 1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and technical committee , which you may attend.
3
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rheological Tests. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6816-02. the ASTM website.
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