ASTM D6067-10
(Practice)Standard Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization
Standard Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Environmental site characterization projects almost always require information regarding subsurface soil stratigraphy and hydraulic parameters related to groundwater flow rate and direction. Soil stratigraphy often is determined by various drilling procedures and interpreting the data collected on borehole logs. The electronic piezocone penetrometer test is another means of determining soil stratigraphy that may be faster, less expensive, and provide greater resolution of the soil units than conventional drilling and sampling methods. For environmental site characterization applications, the electronic piezocone also has the additional advantage of not generating contaminated cuttings that may present other disposal problems (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15). Investigators may obtain soil samples from adjacent borings for correlation purposes, but prior information or experience in the same area may preclude the need for borings (1). Most cone penetrometer rigs are equipped with direct push soil samplers (Guide D6282) that can be used to confirm soil types.
The electronic piezocone penetration test is an in situ investigation method involving:
Pushing an electronically instrumented probe into the ground (see Fig. 1 for a diagram of a typical cone penetrometer). The position of the pore pressure element may vary but is typically located in the u2 position (Test Method D5778).
Recording force resistances, such as tip resistance, local friction, and pore water pressure.
Data interpretation.
The most common use of the interpreted data is stratigraphy based on soil behavior types. Several charts are available. A typical CPT soil behavior type classification chart is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 (9). The first step in determining the extent and motion of contaminants is to determine the subsurface stratigraphy. Since the contaminants will migrate with groundwater flowing through the more permeable strata, it is impossible to characterize an environmental site without valid st...
SCOPE
1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental site characterization purposes (1). The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in Test Method D5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications involves further considerations that are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is highly recommended to use the Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu) option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic pressures can be evaluated.
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered when performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes.
1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this practice to discuss all of these methods in detail. A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D6001.
1.4 The electronic cone penetrometer may be be combined with other direct push sampling and testing methods. Estimated soil types can be confirmed by soil sampling (Guide D6282). Cone penetrometer tests are often used to locate aquifers for installation of wells (Practice D5092, Guide D6274). Cone penetrometers can be equipped with additional sensors for groundwater quality evaluations (Practice D6187). Location of other sensors must conform to requirements of Test Method D5778.
1.5 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended for use at radioactive ...
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Designation: D6067 − 10
Standard Practice for
Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for
1
Environmental Site Characterization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical
(organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not
1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to
intended for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radio-
determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and envi-
2 active) waste sites.
ronmentalsitecharacterizationpurposes (1). Thegeotechnical
application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is dis- 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cussed in detail inTest Method D5778, however, the use of the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site char- standard.
acterization applications involves further considerations that
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
highly recommended to use the Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic pressures can be evalu-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ated.
1.8 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instruc-
tions for performing one or more specific operations. This
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to discuss aspects of the
document cannot replace education or experience and should
electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered
be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
when performing tests for environmental site characterization
aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.
purposes.
This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the
1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental
standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional
site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the
service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project,
word "Standard" in the title means only that the document has
local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the
been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
scope of this practice to discuss all of these methods in detail.
A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in
2. Referenced Documents
Guide D6001.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 The electronic cone penetrometer may be be combined
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
withotherdirectpushsamplingandtestingmethods.Estimated
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
soil types can be confirmed by soil sampling (Guide D6282).
Fluids
Cone penetrometer tests are often used to locate aquifers for
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
installation of wells (Practice D5092, Guide D6274). Cone
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
penetrometers can be equipped with additional sensors for
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
groundwater quality evaluations (Practice D6187). Location of
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
other sensors must conform to requirements of Test Method
Used at Waste Sites
D5778.
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater
Monitoring Wells
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
D5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezo-
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
cone Penetration Testing of Soils
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
3
approvedin1996.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asD6067–96(2003)DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D6067-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this guide. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section ap
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6067–96 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for Using the Electronic Cone Penetrometer
for Environmental Site
CharacterizationDesignation: D6067 – 10
Standard Practice for
Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for
1
Environmental Site Characterization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental
2
site characterization purposes (1). The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in
Test Method D5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications
involves further considerations that are not discussed. For environmental site characterization, it is highly recommended to use the
Piezocone (PCPT or CPTu) option in Test Method D5778 so information on hydraulic conductivity and aquifer hydrostatic
pressures can be evaluated.
1.2 The purpose of this guidepractice is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered
when performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes.
1.3 Theelectronicconepenetrometertestforenvironmentalsitecharacterizationprojectsoftenrequiressteamcleaningthepush
rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local
regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this guidepractice to discuss all of these methods in detail. A
detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D6001.
1.4
1.4 The electronic cone penetrometer may be be combined with other direct push sampling and testing methods. Estimated soil
types can be confirmed by soil sampling (Guide D6282). Cone penetrometer tests are often used to locate aquifers for installation
of wells (Practice D5092, Guide D6274). Cone penetrometers can be equipped with additional sensors for ground water quality
evaluations (Practice D6187). Location of other sensors must conform to requirements of Test Method D5778.
1.5 This practice is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended
for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radioactive) waste sites.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5This guide is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended for
use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radioactive) waste sites.
1.6The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently
of the other.
1.8 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document
cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this
practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care
1
This guidepractice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published June 1997. DOI: 10.1520/D6067-96R03.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6067–96(2003) DOI:
10.1520/D6067-10.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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