ASTM D7418-12

Standard Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes to the end user how to collect the FT-IR spectra of in-service oil samples for in-service oil condition monitoring. Various in-service oil condition monitoring parameters, such as oxidation, nitration, soot, water, ethylene glycol, fuel dilution, gasoline dilution, sulfate by-products and phosphate antiwear additives, can be measured by FT-IR spectroscopy (5-8), as described in Practice E2412. Changes in the values of these parameters over operating time can then be used to help diagnose the operational condition of various machinery and equipment and to indicate when an oil change should take place. This practice is intended to give a standardized configuration for FT-IR instrumentation and operating parameters employed in in-service oil condition monitoring in order to obtain comparable between-instrument and between-laboratory data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil condition monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differential trend analysis approaches.  
1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spectrum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission cell and establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels.  
1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual in-service oil condition monitoring components and parameters are not described in this practice and are described in their respective test methods.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2012
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.96.03 - FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service Lubricants

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7418 − 12
Standard Practice for
Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
1
Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice describes the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrom-
eters for in-service oil condition monitoring. The following parameters are typically monitored for
petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants: water, soot, oxidation, nitration, phosphate antiwear
additives, fuel dilution (gasoline or diesel), sulfate by-products and ethylene glycol. Measurement and
data interpretation parameters are standardized to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to
obtaincomparableresultsbyemployingthesametechniques.Twoapproachesmaybeusedtomonitor
in-service oil samples by FT-IR spectrometry: (1) direct trend analysis and (2) differential (spectral
subtraction) trend analysis. The former involves measurements made directly on in-service oil
samples, whereas the latter involves measurements obtained after the spectrum of a reference oil has
been subtracted from the spectrum of the in-service oil being analyzed. Both of these approaches are
described in this practice, and it is up to the user to determine which approach is more appropriate.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation 2.1 ASTM Standards:
parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
condition monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differ- Petroleum Products
ential trend analysis approaches. E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spec-
3
tative Analysis (Withdrawn 2015)
trum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission
E1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
cell and establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels.
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual
eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
in-service oil condition monitoring components and param-
E1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Perfor-
etersarenotdescribedinthispracticeandaredescribedintheir
mance Tests
respective test methods.
E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lu-
bricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
only.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to infrared spectros-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
copy used in this practice, refer to Terminology E131.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
n—form of infrared spectrometry in which an interferogram is
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
2
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Lubricants. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2007. last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7418 – 07. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7418-12. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7418 − 12
obtained; this interferogram is then subjected to a Fourier erating parameters employed in in-service oil condition moni-
transform calculation to obtain an amplitude-wavenumber (or toring in order to obtain comparable between-instrument and
wavelength) spectrum. between-laboratory data.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5. Apparatus
3.2.1 condition m
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7418 − 07 D7418 − 12
Standard Practice for
Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
1
Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This practice describes the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrom-
eters for in-service oil condition monitoring. The following parameters are typically monitored for
petroleum and hydrocarbon based lubricants: water, soot, oxidation, nitration, phosphate antiwear
additives, fuel dilution (gasoline or diesel), sulfate by-products and ethylene glycol. Measurement and
data interpretation parameters are standardized to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to
obtain comparable results by employing the same techniques. Two approaches may be used to monitor
in-service oil samples by FT-IR spectrometry: (1) direct trend analysis and (2) differential (spectral
subtraction) trend analysis. The former involves measurements made directly on in-service oil
samples, whereas the latter involves measurements obtained after the spectrum of a reference oil has
been subtracted from the spectrum of the in-service oil being analyzed. Both of these approaches are
described in this practice, and it is up to the user to determine which approach is more appropriate.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil
condition monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differential trend analysis approaches.
1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spectrum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission cell and
establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels.
1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual in-service oil condition monitoring components and parameters are
not described in this practice and are described in their respective test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
E1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level
Zero and Level One Tests
E1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Performance Tests
E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
Spectrometry
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.96 on
In-Service Lubricant Testing and Condition Monitoring Services.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007Dec. 1, 2012. Published February 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 2007. last previous edition approved in 2007 as
D7418 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D7418-07.10.1520/D7418-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7418 − 12
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to infrared spectroscopy used in this practice, refer to Terminology E131.
3.1.2 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, n—form of infrared spectrometry in which an interferogram is obtained;
this interferogram is then subjected to a Fourier transform calculation to obtain an amplitude-wavenumber (or wavelength)
spectrum.
3.2 Definitions of Terms
...