ASTM D2893-04(2014)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measure the oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids, gear oils, and mineral oils.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) cover the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure fluid lubricants, gear oils, or mineral oils.
Note 1: The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methods are not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant. Some changes may be due to thermal degradation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D2893 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication
Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Subsection 6.1 was updated editorially in July 2014.
1. Scope 3.2 The oil is then tested for precipitation number and
increase in kinematic viscosity.
1.1 Thesetestmethods(AandB)coverthedeterminationof
the oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure fluid
4. Significance and Use
lubricants, gear oils, or mineral oils.
4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measure
NOTE 1—The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methods
the oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids,
are not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant.
Some changes may be due to thermal degradation. gear oils, and mineral oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5. Apparatus
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
5.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled,
capable of maintaining the oil sample in the test tube at a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature of 95 6 0.2°C (Test Method A), or 121 6 1.0°C
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Test Method B) and large enough to hold the desired number
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of oxidation cells immersed in the heating bath or block to a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
depth of approximately 350 mm. The liquid heating bath shall
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be fitted with a suitable stirring device to provide a uniform
2. Referenced Documents
temperature throughout the bath.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass, 41 6 0.5 mm inside
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
diameter and 600 mm in length are required, each fitted with a
Oils
slotted cork (Note 2) stopper into which shall be inserted a
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
glass air delivery tube of 4 to 5 mm of inside diameter. The
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
length of the air delivery tube shall be such that one end
ity)
reaches to within 6 mm of the bottom of the tube and the other
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
end projects 60 to 80 mm from the cork stopper.
Mineral Oils
NOTE 2—New corks should be used for each run.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.3 Flowmeter, one to each test tube, capable of measuring
3. Summary of Test Method
an air flow of 10 L/h with an accuracy of 60.5 L/h.
3.1 The oil sample is subjected to a temperature of 95°C
5.4 Thermometer—ASTM Solvent Distillation Thermom-
(Test Method A) or 121°C (Test Method B) in the presence of
eter having a range from 76 to 126°C and conforming to the
dry air for 312 h.
requirement for Thermometer 40C as prescribed in Specifica-
tion E1. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.5 Air Supply—Oil-free, dried air at constant pressure shall
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
be supplied to each flowmeter.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
5.6 AirDryer—Before being supplied to the flowmeters, the
in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2893 – 04 (2009). DOI:
10.1520/D2893-04R14E01.
air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
indicating grade of anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
The quantity of dessicant should be sufficient to last for the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. entire test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D2893 − 04 (2014)
6. Preparation of Apparatus
6.1 Cleaning of Oxidation Cells—Clean glassware with a
suitablecleaningsolution.(Warning—Chromicacid(seeNote
3) causes severe burns. A recognized carcinogen. Strong
oxidizer, contact with other material may cause fire. Hygro-
scopic.)
NOTE 3—While other suitable cleaning solutions are now available, the
round robin used glassware cleaned with chromic acid. Other cleaning
solutions such as NoChromix and Micro Clean have been found suitable.
In a referee situation, glassware shall be cleaned by a cleaning solution
satisfactory to all parties involved.
7. Procedure
7.1 Adjust the heating bath to a temperature high enough to
maintain the oil in the desired number of oxidation cells at the
required temperature of 95 6 0.2°C (Test MethodA) or 121 6
1.0°C (Test Method B). Determine the viscosity at 100°C by
Test Method D445/IP 71 and the precipitation number by Test
Method D91, on each sample.
7.2 Pour 300 mL of each oil sample into a test tube and
immerse the test tube in the heating bath so that the heating
FIG. 1 Precision Data, Viscosity Increase
medium is at least 50 mm above the level of the oil sample.
Place the corks a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2893 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) D2893 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication
Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Subsection 6.1 was updated editorially in July 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods (A and B) cover the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure fluid lubricants,
gear oils, or mineral oils.
NOTE 1—The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methods are not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant. Some
changes may be due to thermal degradation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The oil sample is subjected to a temperature of 95°C (Test Method A) or 121°C (Test Method B) in the presence of dry air
for 312 h.
3.2 The oil is then tested for precipitation number and increase in kinematic viscosity.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measure the oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids, gear oils,
and mineral oils.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled, capable of maintaining the oil sample in the test tube at a temperature
of 95 6 0.2°C (Test Method A), or 121 6 1.0°C (Test Method B) and large enough to hold the desired number of oxidation cells
immersed in the heating bath or block to a depth of approximately 350 mm. The liquid heating bath shall be fitted with a suitable
stirring device to provide a uniform temperature throughout the bath.
5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass, 41 6 0.5 mm inside diameter and 600 mm in length are required, each fitted with a slotted
cork (Note 2) stopper into which shall be inserted a glass air delivery tube of 4 to 5 mm of inside diameter. The length of the air
delivery tube shall be such that one end reaches to within 6 mm of the bottom of the tube and the other end projects 60 to 80 mm
from the cork stopper.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009June 1, 2014. Published November 2009July 2014. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D2893D2893 – 04 (2009).–04. DOI: 10.1520/D2893-04R09.10.1520/D2893-04R14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D2893 − 04 (2014)
NOTE 2—New corks should be used for each run.
5.3 Flowmeter, one to each test tube, capable of measuring an air flow of 10 L/h with an accuracy of 60.5 L/h.
5.4 Thermometer—ASTM Solvent Distillation Thermometer having a range from 76 to 126°C and conforming to the
requirement for Thermometer 40C as prescribed in Specification E1. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.
5.5 Air Supply—Oil-free, dried air at constant pressure shall be supplied to each flowmeter.
5.6 Air Dryer—Before being supplied to the flowmeters, the air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with indicating
grade of anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent. The quantity of dessicant should be sufficient to last for the entire test.
6. Preparation of Apparatus
6.1 Cleaning of Oxidation Cells—Clean glassware with a suitable cleaning solution. (Warning—Causes —Chromic acid (see
Note 3) causes severe burns. A recognized carcinogen. Strong oxidizer, contact with other material may cause fire.
Hygroscropic.)Hygroscopic.)
NOTE 3—While other suitable cleaning solutions are now available, the round robin used glassware cleaned with chromic acid. Other cleaning solutions
such as NoChromix and Micro Clean have been found suitable. In a referee situation, glassware shall be cleaned by a cleaning solution satisfactory to
all parties involved.
7. Procedure
7.1 Adjust the heating bath to a temperature high enough to maintain the oil in the desired number of oxidation cells at the
required temperature of 95 6 0.2°C (Test Method A) or 121 6 1.0°C (Test Method B). Determine the viscosity at 100°C by Test
Method D445/IP 71 and the precipitation number by Test Method D91, on each sample.
7.2 Pour 300 mL of each oil sample into a test tube and immerse the test tube in the heating bath
...
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