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ASTM D8324-21

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit

Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information on environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) used in marine applications. That information includes EAL types, general properties, and recommended means by which their technical performance can be evaluated. In addition, general information on the major environmental standards and other organizations and permits defining, classifying, and regulating the use of EALs are summarized.  
4.2 Another goal of this guide is to provide concise tables that describe the biodegradability, ecotoxicity, and bioaccumulation requirements found in the 2013 EPA Vessel General Permit (VGP) for a lubricant to be defined as an EAL.  
4.3 The scope of this guide is to provide information, without specific limits, to aid in the selection of EALs and use in marine applications. It is the intention of the preparers of the guide to provide a base knowledge of information on EALs and their use in marine applications to vessel owners and operators, vessel maintenance engineers, and preparers of marine original equipment manufacturer (OEM) lubricant requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, to aid in the selection of environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs) and use in marine applications.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2021
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.12 - Environmental Standards for Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D2596-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D1742-20 - Standard Test Method for Oil Separation from Lubricating Grease During Storage
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General PermitASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
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ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8324 − 21
Standard Guide for
Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General
1
Permit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8324; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits,
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
to aid in the selection of environmentally acceptable lubricants
by Potentiometric Titration
(EALs) and use in marine applications.
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
this standard.
ing Oils
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Mineral Oils
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Indicator Titration
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D1264 Test Method for Determining the Water Washout
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Characteristics of Lubricating Greases
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ucts by Hydrometer Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and Synthetic Fluids
D1742 Test Method for Oil Separation from Lubricating
2. Referenced Documents
2 Grease During Storage
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1743 Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Properties of Lubricating Greases
Open Cup Tester
D2070 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D2265 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating
Closed Cup Tester
Grease Over Wide Temperature Range
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D2266 Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
matic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
Grease
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
cosity System
D2509 Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
D2596 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure
mittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.
Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. DOI: 10.1520/
D8324-21.
D2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fluids (Beverage Bottle Method)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Lubricating Oils
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8324 − 21
D2782 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Timken Method) Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
Kinematic Viscosity)
D2783 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure
Properties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Bal
...

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ASTM D8256-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This VH test method was correlated with the previous VG test method, which was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services.  
5.2 This test method, along with other test methods are used to define an engine oils minimum performance level necessary to meet certification requirements for API Category Specifications as outlined in Specification D4485. This test method may also be incorporated in automobile manufacturers’ factory–fill specifications.  
5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.
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1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VH test, and it has been correlated with the Sequence VG test. The Sequence VG test was previously correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SN, SN Plus performance category.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.  
1.3 A table of contents follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus (General Description)  
6  
Apparatus (The Test Engine)  
7  
Sequence VH Test Engine  
7.1  
Required New Engine Parts  
7.2  
Reusable Engine Parts  
7.3  
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts  
7.4  
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment  
7.5  
Miscellaneous Engine Components—Preparation  
7.6  
Solvents and Cleaners Required  
7.7  
Assembling the Test Engine—Preparations  
7.8  
Assembling the Test Engine—Installations  
7.9  
Engine Installation on the Test Stand  
7.10  
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems)  
8  
Intake Air  
8.1  
Fuel and Fuel System  
8.2  
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System  
8.3  
Coolants  
8.4  
Measurement Instrumentation  
9  
Temperatures  
9.1  
Pressures  
9.2  
Flow Rates  
9.3  
Fuel Consumption  
9.4  
Speed and Torque  
9.5  
Exhaust Gas  
9.6  
Humidity  
9.7  
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment  
10  
Test Stand Calibration  
11  
Test Procedure  
12  
Pre-Test Procedure  
12.1  
Engine Operating Procedure  
12.2  
Periodic Measurements and Functions  
12.3  
Special Maintenance Procedures  
12.4  
Diagnostic Data Review  
12.5  
End of Test Procedure  
12.6  
Interpretation of Test Results  
13  
Parts Rating Area—Environment  
13.1  
Sludge Ratings  
13.2  
Varnish Ratings  
13.3  
Clogging  
13.4  
Sticking  
13.5  
Used Oil Analyses  
13.6  
Assessment of Test Validity  
14  
General  
14.1  
Used Oil Analyses—Interpretation  
14.2  
Blowby Flow Rate  
14.3  
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)  
14.4  
Fuel Consumption Rate  
14.5  
Oil Consumption  
14.6  
Engine Parts Replacement  
14.7  
Quality Index  
14.8  
Final Test Report  
15  
Report Forms  
15.1  
Precision and Bias  
16  
Keywords  
17  
ANNEXES  
ASTM TMC: Organization  
Annex A1  
ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures  
Annex A2  
ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities  
Annex A3  
ASTM TMC: Related Information  
Annex A4  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A5  
Control and Data Acquis...

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ASTM D7303-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Metals in Lubricating Greases by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Lubricating greases are used in almost all bearings used in any machinery. Lubricating grease is composed of ~90 % additized oil and soap or other thickening agent. There are over a dozen metallic elements present in greases, either blended as additives for performance enhancements or as thickeners, or in used greases present as contaminants and wear metals. Determining their concentrations can be an important aspect of grease manufacture. The metal content can also indicate the amount of thickeners in the grease. Additionally, a reliable analysis technique can also assist in the process of trouble shooting problems with new and used grease in the field.  
5.2 Although widely used in other sectors of the oil industry for metal analysis, ICP-AES based Test Methods D4951 or D5185 cannot be used for analyzing greases because of their insolubility in organic solvents used in these test methods. Hence, grease samples need to be brought into aqueous solution by acid decomposition before ICP-AES measurements.  
5.3 Test Method D3340 has been used to determine lithium and sodium content of lubricating greases using flame photometry. This technique is no longer widely used. This new test method provides a test method for multi-element analysis of grease samples. This is the first D02 standard available for simultaneous multi-element analysis of lubricating greases.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a number of metals such as aluminum, antimony, barium, calcium, iron, lithium, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating greases by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique.  
1.1.1 The range of applicability for this test method, based on the interlaboratory study conducted in 2005,2 is aluminum (10 to 600), antimony (10 to 2300), barium (50 to 800), calcium (20 to 50 000), iron (10 to 360), lithium (300 to 3200), magnesium (30 to 10 000), molybdenum (50 to 22 000), phosphorus (50 to 2000), silicon (10 to 15 000), sodium (30 to 1500), sulfur (1600 to 28 000), and zinc (300 to 2200), all in mg/kg. Lower levels of elements may be determined by using larger sample weights, and higher levels of elements may be determined by using smaller amounts of sample or by using a larger dilution factor after sample dissolution. However, the test precision in such cases has not been determined, and may be different than the ones given in Table 3.  
1.1.2 It may also be possible to determine additional metals such as bismuth, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, potassium, titanium, etc. by this technique. However, not enough data is available to specify the precision for these latter determinations. These metals may originate into greases through contamination or as additive elements.  
1.1.3 During sample preparation, the grease samples are decomposed with a variety of acid mixture(s). It is beyond the scope of this test method to specify appropriate acid mixtures for all possible combination of metals present in the sample. But if the ash dissolution results in any visible insoluble material, the test method may not be applicable for the type of grease being analyzed, assuming the insoluble material contains some of the analytes of interest.  
1.2 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions of dissolved samples and with no degradation of precision.  
1.3 The development of the technique behind this test method is documented by Fox.3  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and dete...

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ASTM D6082-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of oils to foam at high temperature can be a serious problem in systems such as high-speed gearing, high volume pumping, and splash lubrication. Foaming can cause inadequate lubrication, cavitation, and loss of lubricant due to overflow, and these events can lead to mechanical failure.  
5.2 Correlation between the amount of foam created or the time for foam to collapse, or both, and actual lubrication failure has not been established. Such relations should be empirically determined for foam sensitive applications.
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils (specifically transmission fluid and motor oil) at 150 °C.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D6681-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.4  
Fuel Injectors  
10.5  
Air Flow  
10.6  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.7  
Fuel Filter  
10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.9  
Calibration of Test Stands  
10.10  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.11  
Test Run Numbering  
10.13  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.14  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.15  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
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Engine Coolant  
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Engine Fuel System  
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Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
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Piston Ratings  
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Referee Ratings  
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ASTM D5770-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a semiquantitative estimate of the acid number of lubricating oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974, D664, or D3339. It has specific application in Test Method D943 and in Test Method D4871. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of lubricating oils by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under various oxidizing test conditions.  
5.2 Since this test method is semiquantitative, each laboratory shall develop its own criteria for each oxidation test method for determining when to switch from this semiquantitative test method to a more precise test method for acid number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1: This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
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ASTM D4175-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8114-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.  
5.2 Use—The Sequence VIE test method is useful for engine oil fuel economy specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.2.1 Specification D4485.  
5.2.2 API 1509.  
5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.  
5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors)4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi-viscosity oils used in these applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilogram per kilowatt hour.  
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Subject  
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General  
6.1  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.2  
Laboratory Ambient Conditions  
6.3  
Engine Speed and Torque Control  
6.4  
Dynamometer  
6.4.1  
Dynamometer Torque  
6.4.2  
Engine Cooling System  
6.5  
External Oil System  
6.6  
Fuel System  
6.7  
Fuel Flow Measurement  
6.7.2  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter  
6.7.3  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.7.4  
Fuel Supply Pumps  
6.7.5  
Fuel Filtering  
6.7.6  
Engine Intake Air Supply  
6.8  
Intake Air Humidity  
6.8.1  
Intake Air Filtration  
6.8.2  
Intake Air Pressure Relief  
6.8.3  
Temperature Measurement  
6.9  
Thermocouple Location  
6.9.5  
AFR Determination  
6.10  
Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems  
6.11  
Exhaust Manifolds  
6.11.1  
Laboratory Exhaust System  
6.11.2  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.11.3  
Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations  
6.12  
Engine Oil  
6.12.2  
Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter  
6.12.3  
Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.12.4  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.12.5  
Intake Air  
6.12.6  
Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure  
6.12.7  
Coolant Flow Differential Pressure  
6.12.8  
Crankcase Pressure  
6.12.9  
Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus  
6.13  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.13.1  
ECU (Power Control Module)  
6.13.2  
Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate  
6.13.3  
Wiring Harness  
6.13.4  
Thermostat Block-Off Plate  
6.13.5  
Oil Filter Adapter Plate  
6.13.6  
Modified Throttle Body Assembly  
6.13.7  
Fuel Rail  
6.13.8  
Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation  
6.14  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Engine Oil  
7.1  
Test Fuel  
7.2  
Engine Coolant  
7.3  
Cleaning Materials...

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ASTM
ASTM D8111-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and piston deposits during moderately high-speed, hightemperature service.  
5.1.1 The increase in kinematic viscosity of the oil indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures.  
5.1.2 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. In automotive service, such ring sticking can cause a loss of compression pressures in the engine.  
5.2 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and piston deposits. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test.  
5.3 The Sequence IIIH engine oil test has been recommended as a replacement for the Sequence IIIG test and is expected to be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.3.1 Specification D4485.  
5.3.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104.  
5.3.3 SAE Classification J183.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening (as measured by kinematic viscosity increase), piston deposits, ring sticking, oil consumption, and phosphorus retention. Such oils include both single-viscosity and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.  
1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a Sequence IIIHA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), or a Sequence IIIHB Test (phosphorus retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, and valve sizes and springs.
1.2.1.2 The ring end gaps in Table A8.7, the dimensions for the blowby ventilation support bracket in Fig. A3.2, and the torque wrenches in Table A8.1 are in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.11.6, 7.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6750-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.  
5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.9  
5.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than mass fraction 0.05 % sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321.9  
5.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509).  
5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.  
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Methods  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General Laboratory Requirements  
6.1  
Test Engine  
6.2  
Test Engine Accessories and Parts  
6.3  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Test Oil Sample Requirements  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Engine Inspection  
9.1  
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush  
9.2  
Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections  
9.3  
Engine Assembly  
9.4  
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly  
9.5  
Calibration of Engine Test Stand  
10  
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration  
10.1  
Runs  
10.2  
Specified Test Parameters  
10.3  
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria  
10.4  
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test  
10.5  
Test Numbering  
10.6  
Reference Oils  
10.7  
Severity Adjustments  
10.8  
Engine Operating Procedure  
11  
...

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