ASTM D6602-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are a variety of darkening agents that contribute to air and surface contamination in industrial, urban and rural environments. Biofilms (fungal and algal), soil minerals, plant fragments, rubber fragments, metal corrosion and soot are common darkening agents. Soot is formed as an unwanted by-product of combustion and consequently varies widely with the type of fuel and combustion conditions. Carbon black, on the other hand, is purposely produced under a controlled set of conditions. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish carbon black from soot, as well as other environmental contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from other environmental particulates.
1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black and general knowledge of other particles that may be found in the environment. In support of this analysis, Donnet's book2 is highly recommended to be used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6602 − 13
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive
1
Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distin- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
guishingASTMtypecarbonblack,intheN100toN900series, 3.1.1 aciniform—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
from other environmental particulates.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The spheroidal primary particles of
carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension
1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the
forming an acinoform morphology.
partofthemicroscopist.Forthisreason,themicroscopistmust
haveadequatetrainingandon-the-jobexperienceinidentifying 3.1.2 aciniform carbon—colloidal carbon having a mor-
the morphological parameters of carbon black and general
phology consisting of spheroidal primary particles (nodules)
knowledge of other particles that may be found in the envi- fused together in aggregates of colloidal dimension in a shape
2
ronment. In support of this analysis, Donnet’s book is highly
having grape-like clusters or open branch-like structures
recommended to be used as a technical reference for recogniz-
3.1.3 carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily
ing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.
composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, exist-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this ing in the form of aggregates of aciniform morphology which
standard. are composed of spheroidal primary particles characterized by
uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
and turbostratic layering within the primary particles.
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Particle size and aggregate size (num-
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
ber of particles per aggregate) are distributional properties and
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
vary depending on the carbon black grade. Transmission
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
electron micrographs shown in Annex A2 demonstrate that
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
while particle and aggregate sizes vary greatly within a given
grade of carbon black, the primary particle size is essentially
2. Referenced Documents
uniform within an individual aggregate.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 chain of custody—a document describing the condi-
D1619Test Methods for Carbon Black—Sulfur Content
tion of a sample during its collection, analysis, and disposal.
D3053Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
3.1.5 char—a particulate larger than 1 µm made by incom-
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
plete combustion which may not deagglomerate or disperse by
copy
ordinary techniques, may contain material which is not black,
and may contain some of the original material’s cell structure,
minerals, ash, cinders, and so forth.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
3.1.6 fugitive dust—transitory, fleeting material comprised
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.66 on Environment,
of particulates foreign to the surface of deposition.
Health, and Safety.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
3.1.7 fungus, sooty mold, mildew, biofilm—particulatesfrom
ε1
approvedin2000.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2010asD6602–03b(2010) .
a superficial growth that grows on living and decaying organic
DOI: 10.1520/D6602-13.
2
Hess, W.M. and Herd, C.R., Carbon Black Science and Technology, Edited by
matter.
Donnet, J.B., Bansal, R.C., and Wang, M.J., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY,
3.1.8 mineral dust—naturally occurring inorganic particu-
1993, pp. 89–173.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
lates inherent to the area such as soil minerals.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.9 pollen—particulates from a mass of microspores in a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. seed plant.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6602 − 03b (Reapproved 2010) D6602 − 13
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive
1
Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected Annex A1 in May 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from
other environmental particulates.
1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have
adequate training and substantial on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black. black and
2
general knowledge of other particles that may be found in the environment. In support of this analysis, Donnet’s book is highly
recommended to be used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1619 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Sulfur Content
D3053 Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 aciniform—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.66 on Environment, Health, and
Safety.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2013. Published May 2010December 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
ε1
D6602 – 03b (2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D6602–03BR10E01.10.1520/D6602-13.
2
Hess, W.M. and Herd, C.R., Carbon Black Science and Technology, Edited by Donnet, J.B., Bansal, R.C., and Wang, M.J., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1993,
pp. 89–173.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an acinoform
morphology.
3.1.2 aciniform carbon—colloidal carbon having a morphology consisting of spheroidal primary particles (nodules) fused
together in aggregates of colloidal dimension in a shape having grape-like clusters or open branch-like structures
3.1.3 carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion
or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing in the form of aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
spheroidal primary particles characterized by uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and turbostratic layering
within the primary particles.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6602 − 13
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Particle size and aggregate size (number of particles per aggregate) are distributional properties and vary depending on the carbon
black grade. Transmission electron micrographs shown in AnnexAnnex A2 1 of Practice D6602demonstrate that while particle and
aggregate sizes vary greatly within a given grade of carbon black, the primary particle size is essentially uniform within an
individual aggregate.
3.1.4 chain of custody—a document describing the condition of a sample during its collection, analysis, and disposal.
3.1.5 char—a particulate larger than 1 μm made by incomplete combustion which may not deag
...
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