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ASTM D1043-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test

Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The property measured by this test is the apparent modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between these properties is shown in Annex A1.
The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent” since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an applied torque. Since the specimen may be deflected beyond its elastic limit, the calculated value may not represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic limit of the material. In addition, the value obtained by this test method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the material, since the load application time is arbitrarily fixed. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the current ASTM materials standards.  
This test method is useful for determining the relative changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 458/1:1985 or ISO 458/2:1985 and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.10 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1043-99 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D1043-09 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2647-18 - Standard Specification for Crosslinkable Ethylene Plastics
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D1043-02 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion TestASTM D1043-02 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
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ASTM D1043-02 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1043 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of
1
Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
5
1. Scope* D4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiff-
3. Terminology
ness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of the technical terms per-
by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
taining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D883 or Terminology D4805.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between
NOTE 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 458/1:1985 or ISO
these properties is shown in Annex A1.
458/2:1985 and results cannot be directly compared between the two
4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent”
methods.
since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular
deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an
2. Referenced Documents
appliedtorque.Sincethespecimenmaybedeflectedbeyondits
2.1 ASTM Standards:
elastic limit, the calculated value may not represent the true
2
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
modulus of rigidity within the elastic limit of the material. In
2
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
addition, the value obtained by this test method will also be
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of
affected by the creep characteristics of the material, since the
2
Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
load application time is arbitrarily fixed. For many materials,
2
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
there may be a specification that requires the use of this test
D1053 Test Method for Rubber Property—Stiffening at
method, but with some procedural modifications that take
Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fab-
precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is
3
rics
advisabletorefertothatmaterialspecificationbeforeusingthis
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-
test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the current
4
rials
ASTM materials standards.
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Ex-
4.3 This test method is useful for determining the relative
4
trusion Materials
changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
1 5. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
5.1 Testing Machine—A machine capable of exerting a
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally
torque sufficient to deflect a test specimen in the range of 5 to
published as D1043–49. Last previous edition D1043–99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1043–02
FIG. 2 Test Specimen
has been shown that the liquid does not soften or otherwise
affect the test specimen.
NOTE 5—Amongtheliquidsfoundusefulareacetone,ethanol,butanol,
methanol, normal hexane, silicone oil, and a mixture of methyl phosphate
and water in the ratio of 87 to 13 by volume. For temperatures to−70°C
(−94°F), a mixture of 50 parts ethanol, 30 parts ethylene glycol, and 20
parts water may be found useful.
5.2.5 Refrigeration—Means shall be provided for cooling
the heat-transfer medium. This cooling can be by means of a
refrigeration cooling coil built into
...

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1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.
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5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
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5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
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1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
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1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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