ASTM D4053-98(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Benzene in Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Benzene in Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent benzene in full-range gasoline. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1% to 5 volume %.
1.2 The values in SI units are regarded as the standard.
1.3 This test method has not been validated for gasolines containing oxygenates.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8 and 9.1.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D4053–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Benzene in Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Infrared
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthepercent
expressed by:
benzene in full-range gasoline. It is applicable to concentra-
tions from 0.1% to 5 volume %.
A 5log ~1/T!52log T (1)
10 10
1.2 The values in SI units are regarded as the standard.
where
1.3 This test method has not been validated for gasolines
T = the transmittance as defined in 3.1.5.
containing oxygenates.
3.1.3 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromag-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
netic waves.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
transported in a beam of radiant energy.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 transmittance, T, n—the molecular property of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
substance that determines its transportability of radiant power,
statements, see Section 8 and 9.1.
expressed by:
2. Referenced Documents
T 5 P/P (2)
o
2.1 ASTM Standards:
where:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
P = the radiant power passing through the sample, and
Petroleum Products
P = the radiant power incident upon the sample.
o
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E932 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
4. Summary of Test Method
of Dispersive Infrared Spectrophotometers
4.1 Asample of gasoline is examined by infrared spectros-
E1421 PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformance
copy and, following a correction for interference, compared
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
with calibration blends of known benzene concentration. From
eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
this comparison the amount of benzene in the gasoline is
determined.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorp-
5.1 Benzene is classed as a toxic material. A knowledge of
tion spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Termi-
theconcentrationofthiscompoundmaybeanaidinevaluating
nology E131. Terms of particular significance are the follow-
the possible health hazard to persons handling and using the
ing:
gasoline. This test method is not intended to evaluate such
hazards.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 6. Interferences
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.1 Toluene and heavier aromatic compounds have some
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
interference in this test method. In order to minimize the effect
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4053–98.
of such interference, this test method includes a procedure that
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
corrects for the error caused by the presence of toluene. Error
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
due to other sources of interference may be partially compen-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. satedforbycalibratingwithgasolinestockscontaininglittleor
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4053–98 (2003)
nobenzenebutwhichotherwisearesimilarinaromaticcontent benzene band; (2) at the point of maximum absorbance near
−1
to the samples to be analyzed. 460 cm (21.74 µm), designated the toluene band; and (3)at
−1
500 cm (20.00 µm), designated the baseline position.
7. Apparatus
10.3.2 Following the steps of Section 11, Procedure, for the
toluene standard, determine the absorbances at the locations
7.1 Absorption Cell,sealed.Windowsofpotassiumbromide
describedin10.3.1forthebenzeneband,thetolueneband,and
or other material having sufficient transmittance out to 440
−1
the baseline position. Subtract the baseline position value at
cm (22.73 µm), in a cell having TFE-fluorocarbon plugs and
−1
about 500 cm from those found for benzene at about 673
nominal path length of 0.025 mm known to three significant
–1 −1
cm and toluene at about 460 cm in order to obtain the net
numbers.
absorbance for each. Take the ratio of the benzene band net
7.2 Clear Reference Block—A block made from the same
absorbance to the toluene band net absorbance to obtain the
material as cell windows for use in the reference beam path of
toluene correction factor.
a double-beam spectrometer.
10.3.3 Forthegasolinebasestockandeachblendexamined
7.3 Infrared Spectrometer, double-beam or single-beam,
in 10.3.1, obtain the net absorbances at the benzene and the
suitable for recording accurate measurements between 690
−1 −1
toluene bands by subtracting the baseline position value from
cm (14.49 µm) and 440 cm (22.73 µm). Refer to Practices
the absorbances found for the band maxima. Continuing, for
E932 and E1421.
each liquid, multiply the toluene band net absorbance by the
NOTE 1—Absorbances for the bands specified in this test method are
toluenecorrectionfactorfoundin10.3.2andsubtractthisvalue
expectedtofallwithinthelinearoperatingrangeofmodernspectrometers
from the benzene band net absorbance in order to obtain the
for the concen
...
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