ASTM D7295-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide
Standard Practice for Sampling Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen cyanide is highly toxic. In relatively low quantities, hydrogen cyanide can cause asphyxia and death.
5.2 The National Fire Protection Association has assigned a flammability rating of 4 (severe fire hazard) to hydrogen cyanide.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used to collect samples for the determination of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from any combustion device or atmosphere where cyanide may be present. While primarily designed for the measurement of gas phase HCN, the sample collection described in this practice also includes cyanide ion (CN-) absorbed particles that may be present in the sampling atmosphere.
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662 provided it is equipped with sampling ports.
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice.
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of such systems include large scale manufacturing applications and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354.
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of sodium hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide. For example, the lower limit of detection would be 0.002-mg/m3 when 0.1-m3 of combustion effluent is collected into 100-mL sodium hydroxide solution based on a detection limit of 0.002 mg/L cyanide in the impinger solution when using the flow injection analysis (FIA) system described in Test Method D6888.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7295 − 18
Standard Practice for
Sampling Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary
Sources for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen
1
Cyanide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice is used to collect samples for the determi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nation of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from any combus-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tion device or atmosphere where cyanide may be present.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
While primarily designed for the measurement of gas phase
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
HCN, the sample collection described in this practice also
- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
includes cyanide ion (CN ) absorbed particles that may be
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
present in the sampling atmosphere.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
provided it is equipped with sampling ports.
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large
2. Referenced Documents
scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
such systems include large scale manufacturing applications
Atmospheres
and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354.
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.
D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be
Tube Method)
dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of
D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and
sodium hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during
Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide.
D3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determina-
For example, the lower limit of detection would be 0.002-
tion of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases
3 3
mg/m when 0.1-m of combustion effluent is collected into
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
100-mL sodium hydroxide solution based on a detection limit
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
of 0.002 mg/Lcyanide in the impinger solution when using the
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
flow injection analysis (FIA) system described in Test Method
pling Pumps
D6888.
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanides with Ligand
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
standard.
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating
Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
2
and Source Emissions. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7295 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7295-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7295 − 11 D7295 − 18
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in
Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary
SourcesCombustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
1
for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is used to determine the concentrationcollect samples for the determination of gaseous hydrogen cyanide
(HCN) from any combustion device or atmosphere where cyanide may be present. While primarily designed for the measurement
-
of gas phase HCN, the sample collection described in this practice also includes cyanide ion (CN ) absorbed particles that may be
present in the sampling atmosphere.
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662 provided
it is equipped with sampling ports.
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice.
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of such
systems include large scale manufacturing applications and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354.
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases
produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of sodium
hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide. For example, the
3 3
lower limit of detection would be 0.002-mg/m when 0.1-m of combustion effluent is collected into 100-mL sodium hydroxide
solution based on a detection limit of 0.002 mg/L cyanide in the impinger solution when using the flow injection analysis (FIA)
system described in Test Method D6888.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)
D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and
Source Emissions.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011May 1, 2018. Published March 2011May 2018. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D7295 – 06.D7295 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7295-11.10.1520/D7295-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7295 − 18
D3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment
...
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