ASTM E1605-22

Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to help users understand and apply the large number of specialized terms used in connection with the management of lead hazards by providing a single, comprehensive, and consistent terminology.  
3.1.1 This terminology standard includes some terms that may be encountered, but whose use is discouraged. They are included for clarification and in order to provide the user with preferred existing alternate terms.  
3.1.2 Architectural terms for individual building components are included to promote consistency of usage and to help ensure that sampling locations are recorded with sufficient accuracy to allow independent confirmation of lead measurements, if necessary.  
3.2 A discussion is attached to certain definitions to help make the definition clear or to show how the term and its definition are related to other terms.  
3.3 Terms and definitions in this terminology standard are based upon laws, regulations, and practices in the United States of America.  
3.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted verbatim or are adapted from definitions that are formally stated or implied in laws and regulations. They are not intended to replace the latter definitions. The user is responsible for understanding legal definitions and for ensuring that the legal obligations that are encompassed by them are fully satisfied.  
3.3.2 Users in other countries should refer to applicable national, regional, and local laws, regulations, and practices.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions for the following:  
1.1.1 Terms that are commonly used in the field of management of lead hazards in facilities;  
1.1.2 Architectural terms, particularly those associated with older wood-frame buildings; and,  
1.1.3 Specialized terms that may be encountered by users in reports and notices that are generated during lead hazard management activities.  
1.2 This terminology standard is supplementary to Terminology E631.  
1.3 Definitions adopted or derived from other documents include the following:  
1.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted as exact copies from other sources. The source is briefly identified at the right margin following the definition and fully identified in Section 2.  
1.3.2 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adapted from other sources. Changes in these definitions were made only to clarify the meaning, to incorporate related terms that also are defined in this terminology standard, or to ensure that the revised definition is consistent with those for related terms. The source is briefly identified with the words “adapted” at the right margin following the definition, and is fully identified in Section 2.  
1.4 Terms within the definitions that are shown in boldface are defined in this terminology standard.  
1.5 This terminology standard excludes the following:  
1.5.1 Terms with a common dictionary meaning, except in cases where there is a specialized definition within the field of lead hazard management.  
1.5.2 Terms that are used only in individual ASTM standards in which they are defined adequately, whether formally or by the context in which they appear.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions
• Technical Committee: D22 - Air Quality
• Drafting Committee: D22.12 - Sampling and Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E3074/E3074M-24 - Standard Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Single Family Dwellings, in Individual Units of Multifamily Dwellings, and in Other Child-Occupied Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1792-24 - Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1796-24 - Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM E2239-24 - Standard Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard Activities
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1727-24 - Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1908-24 - Standard Practice for Sample Selection of Debris Waste from a Building Renovation or Lead Abatement Project for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Testing for Leachable Lead (Pb)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM C859-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM D16-24 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E344-23 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4214-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM F141-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM E456-13a(2022)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2022
• Refers: ASTM F141-12(2020) - Standard Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D661-93(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM E344-19 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019

Overview

ASTM E1605-22: Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings provides a comprehensive and authoritative glossary of terms used in the management of lead hazards in building environments. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is instrumental in ensuring clear, consistent, and accurate communication among professionals involved in lead risk assessment, evaluation, management, abatement, and regulatory compliance. By providing standardized definitions, ASTM E1605-22 enhances understanding and interpretation of terminology used in legal, technical, and operational contexts surrounding lead hazard management in facilities.

Key Topics

• Specialized Lead Hazard Terms
  The standard defines terms frequently used in the assessment and management of lead risks, including “lead-based paint,” “dust-lead hazard,” “abatement,” “encapsulation,” “clearance examination,” and more.

• Architectural Terminology
  Includes definitions of architectural components, especially those relevant to older wood-frame buildings (e.g., baluster, baseboard, molding, component), enabling precise identification of sampling locations and components in building inspections.

• Regulatory Alignment
  Many definitions are adopted or adapted from US laws and regulations, such as those from the EPA, HUD, and the Code of Federal Regulations (e.g., 40 CFR 745), supporting compliance and risk communication.

• Preferred and Deprecated Terms
  Includes terms whose use is discouraged (e.g., “lead-free,” “lead paint”), providing clarification and guiding users to preferred alternatives.

• Technical Definitions
  Covers laboratory, sampling, and analysis terminology used in lead detection and hazard evaluation, including methods of testing, quality control, and measurement units.

Applications

ASTM E1605-22 is used by a wide array of professionals and organizations, including:

• Regulatory Bodies and Inspectors
  Ensures accurate interpretation of terminology in regulatory documents, risk assessments, abatement plans, and compliance reports related to lead hazards in buildings.

• Property Managers and Building Owners
  Assists in understanding lead-related terms found in inspection notices, hazard assessments, and remediation projects, increasing the accuracy of records and risk mitigation strategies.

• Consultants and Environmental Health Specialists
  Provides a reliable reference for preparing, reviewing, and interpreting lead hazard control documents, technical reports, and sample collection protocols.

• Laboratories
  Facilitates consistent terminology for sampling, analysis, and reporting of lead in building materials, dust, and soil.

• Legal and Regulatory Compliance
  Serves as a supplementary reference for understanding the precise meaning of technical and legal terms in federal, state, and local regulations concerning lead in buildings.

• Training and Education
  Offers a foundation for professional training programs on lead hazard awareness, abatement, and safe work practices.

Related Standards

ASTM E1605-22 references and supplements several other key standards and regulations, including:

• ASTM E631 – Terminology of Building Constructions: Main supplementary terminology reference for building components.
• ASTM D16, D123, D661, D772, D4214, D4538, D907: Terminology for coatings, paints, adhesives, and their evaluation.
• ASTM E1553, E1613, E1644, E1727, E1753, E1792, E1796, E1908, E2115, E2239, E2255, E2271, E3074: Standards covering sampling, testing, and evaluation methods for lead in paints, dust, soils, and waste.
• HUD Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing
• US Code of Federal Regulations (notably 40 CFR 261, 40 CFR 745)
• ISO 9000:2000 – Quality Management Systems – Fundamentals and Vocabulary

---

ASTM E1605-22 establishes a common language for all stakeholders engaged in lead hazard management in buildings, supporting safer environments, regulatory compliance, and effective communication throughout all phases of assessment, remediation, and ongoing building maintenance. This terminology standard is an essential reference for professionals managing lead in building environments, ensuring both technical precision and regulatory support.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1605 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
Lead in Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1605; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions for the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
following:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.1 Terms that are commonly used in the field of manage-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ment of lead hazards in facilities;
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1.2 Architectural terms, particularly those associated with
older wood-frame buildings; and,
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.3 Specialized terms that may be encountered by users in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reports and notices that are generated during lead hazard
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
management activities.
D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
1.2 This terminology standard is supplementary to Termi-
Applications
nology E631.
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
1.3 Definitions adopted or derived from other documents
Exterior Paints
include the following:
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
1.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard
ing) of Exterior Paints
are adopted as exact copies from other sources. The source is
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
briefly identified at the right margin following the definition
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
and fully identified in Section 2.
uids and Gases
1.3.2 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
are adapted from other sources. Changes in these definitions
of Exterior Paint Films
were made only to clarify the meaning, to incorporate related D4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and
terms that also are defined in this terminology standard, or to
Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
ensure that the revised definition is consistent with those for E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
related terms. The source is briefly identified with the words
etry
“adapted” at the right margin following the definition, and is
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
fully identified in Section 2.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment
1.4 Terms within the definitions that are shown in boldface
(Withdrawn 2006)
are defined in this terminology standard.
E1227 Terminology for ChemicalAnalysis of Metals (With-
1.5 This terminology standard excludes the following:
drawn 1991)
1.5.1 Terms with a common dictionary meaning, except in
E1553 Practice for Collection of Airborne Particulate Lead
cases where there is a specialized definition within the field of
During Abatement and Construction Activities (With-
lead hazard management.
drawn 2002)
1.5.2 Terms that are used only in individual ASTM stan-
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-
dards in which they are defined adequately, whether formally
tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
or by the context in which they appear.
(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
1 2
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Analysis of Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E1605 – 19. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E1605-22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1605 − 22
(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec- 2.3 HUD Guidelines:
trometry (GFAAS) Techniques (Withdrawn 2021) HUD Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-
Based Paint Hazards in Housing
E1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe
HUD Interim Guidelines Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guide-
Samples for the Determination of Lead
lines for Hazard Identification and Abatement in Public
E1727 Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for
and Indian Housing
Subsequent Lead Determination
2.4 ISO Standard:
E1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test
ISO 9000:2000 Quality Management Systems – Fundamen-
Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
tals and Vocabulary
E1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead
in Surface Dust
3. Significance and Use
E1796 Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating
3.1 Thepurposeofthisterminologystandardistohelpusers
Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
understand and apply the large number of specialized terms
E1908 Practice for Sample Selection of DebrisWaste from a
used in connection with the management of lead hazards by
Building Renovation or Lead Abatement Project for Tox-
providingasingle,comprehensive,andconsistentterminology.
icity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Testing
3.1.1 This terminology standard includes some terms that
for Leachable Lead (Pb)
may be encountered, but whose use is discouraged. They are
E1913 Guide for Conducting Static, Axenic, 14-Day Phyto-
included for clarification and in order to provide the user with
toxicity Tests in Test Tubes with the Submersed Aquatic
preferred existing alternate terms.
Macrophyte, Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov (With-
3.1.2 Architectural terms for individual building compo-
drawn 2012)
nents are included to promote consistency of usage and to help
E1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust,
ensure that sampling locations are recorded with sufficient
Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of
accuracy to allow independent confirmation of lead
Lead
measurements, if necessary.
E2052 Guide for Evaluation, Management, and Control of
3.2 A discussion is attached to certain definitions to help
Lead Hazards in Facilities (Withdrawn 2008)
make the definition clear or to show how the term and its
E2115 Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of
definition are related to other terms.
Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities
3.3 Terms and definitions in this terminology standard are
E2239 PracticeforRecordKeepingandRecordPreservation
baseduponlaws,regulations,andpracticesintheUnitedStates
for Lead Hazard Activities
of America.
E2255/E2255M Practice for ConductingVisualAssessments
3.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard
for Lead Hazards in Buildings
are adopted verbatim or are adapted from definitions that are
E2271/E2271M Practice for Clearance Examinations Fol-
formallystatedorimpliedinlawsandregulations.Theyarenot
lowing Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Multifamily
intended to replace the latter definitions. The user is respon-
Dwellings
sible for understanding legal definitions and for ensuring that
E3074/E3074M Practice for Clearance Examinations Fol-
the legal obligations that are encompassed by them are fully
lowing Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Single Fam-
satisfied.
ily Dwellings, in Individual Units of Multifamily
3.3.2 Users in other countries should refer to applicable
Dwellings, and in Other Child-Occupied Facilities
national, regional, and local laws, regulations, and practices.
F141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
F1156 Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protec-
4. Terminology
tion Systems (Withdrawn 2001)
abrasion resistance (coatings),n—abilityofacoatingtoresist
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
being worn away and to maintain its original appearance,
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
integrity, and structure when subjected to rubbing, scraping,
40 CFR 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
or wear.
40 CFR 745.223 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in
accessible surface, n—interior or exterior surface (usually up
Certain Residential Structures – Definitions
to 5 ft (1.5 m) from floor or ground) that is accessible for a
40 CFR 745.226 Certification of Individuals and Firms
young child to mouth or chew. See also chewable surface.
Engaged in Lead-Based Paint Activities: Target Housing
and Child-Occupied Facilities
accreditation, n—official authorization, approval, or recogni-
40 CFR 745.227 Work Practice Standards for Conducting
tion accorded an individual or organization based upon
Lead-Based Paint Activities: Target Housing and Child-
specific qualifications. E631
Occupied Facilities
Available from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),
451 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20410, http://www.hud.gov.
4 6
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:// Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
www.access.gpo.gov. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
E1605 − 22
action level, n—a level of a contaminant in a medium at or at the testing site), or are (2) contaminated after collection
above which activities to control the level are initiated. (forexample,duringtransportationtothelaboratoryorinthe
DISCUSSION—The action level may be a maximum allowable level, as laboratory), or both.Also called a media blank,ora dummy
in the definition of lead-containing paint. In other cases, it is defined as
specimen.
belowamaximumallowablelevel,andusedasawarningtopreventthe
DISCUSSION—Blank samples are also important in method validation.
latterfrombeingexceeded.AnexampleistheactionlevelintheOSHA
lead standard. blood-lead level (blood level), n—concentration of lead in the
blood, 1 µmole/L = 20.72 µg⁄mL.
administrative controls, n—administrative measures that are
DISCUSSION—Blood lead levels are associated with the risk and
used to control occupational exposures to hazards.
severity of toxic effects.
DISCUSSION—The most commonly used administrative controls are
jobassignmentsandjobrotationsthataredesignedtolimittheduration calibration curve, n—graphical or mathematical representa-
of worker exposure.Another administrative control is purchase control
tion of a relation between a measured parameter and a
to ensure the use of materials and equipment which produce the least
property of the standard for the substance under
amount of hazard.
consideration. C859
administrative removal, n—(of workers), temporary removal
calibration standard, n—solutions of known analyte concen-
ofworkersfromajobsitepriortoblood-leadlevelsreaching
tration used to calibrate instruments. E1613
values requiring medical removal.
DISCUSSION—Calibration standards must be matrix matched to the
acid content present in sample digestates or extracts and must be
anodic stripping voltammetry, n—an electroanalytical tech-
measured prior to analyzing samples.
nique in which the concentration of a metal species analyte
(such as lead) in a solution is determined by deposition (by
certification, n—the process of testing and evaluating against
reduction) on an electrode, then stripping from it (by
certain specifications the competence of a person,
oxidation). The peak electrical current is measured during
organization, or other entity in performing a function or
stripping, and is proportional to the original metal concen-
service, usually for a specified period of time.
tration.
HUD Guidelines
DISCUSSION—Commercial equipment is available to perform this
Certified Reference Material (CRM), n—a reference mate-
method in the field as well as in fixed-site laboratories.
rial accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose
Apparent Lead Concentration (ALC), n—the X-ray fluores-
property values are certified by a procedure that establishes
cence(XRF)readingoraverageofmorethanonereadingon
its traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which
a painted surface, not corrected for the substrate.
the property values are expressed. E1644
DISCUSSION—This value was used in a now-obsolete method of
correcting XRF readings for substrate effect, and has been replaced by
chalking, n—formation on a pigmented coating of a friable
use of the Performance Characteristic Sheet.
powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath the
surface. D4214
atomic absorption, n—absorption of radiant energy by
ground-state atoms.
checking (coatings), n—phenomenon manifested in paint
DISCUSSION—Substances when dispersed as an atomic vapor will
films by slight breaks in the film that do not penetrate to the
absorb characteristic radiations identical to those that the same sub-
underlying surface.
stances can emit. This property is the basis for analysis by atomic
DISCUSSION—The break should be called a crack if the underlying
absorption spectroscopy. D2864
surface is visible. Where precision is necessary in evaluating a paint
film, checking may be described as visible (as seen by the naked eye)
baluster (picket), n—one of a series of closely-spaced upright
or as microscopic (as observed under a magnification of ten diameters).
members that support the handrail in a railing system. E631
chewable surface, n—surface easily accessible to children
bare soil, n—soil or sand not covered by grass, sod, other live
(usually up to five feet from the floor or ground), and likely
ground covers, wood chips, gravel, artificial turf, or similar
to be chewed-on, such as window sills, balusters, and
covering. E2255/E2255M
handrails. See accessible surface.
baseboard, n—a molding covering the juncture of a wall and
child-occupied facility, n—a facility constructed prior to 1978
the adjoining floor.
that is visited regularly by the same child, six years of age or
batch, n—a group of field or quality control samples that are under,atleasttwodifferentdayswithinanyweek,foratleast
processed together using the same reagents and equipment. three hours per visit, six hours per week, and 60 hours per
E1553 year. 40 CFR 745.223, adapted
biological monitoring, n—analysis of a person’s blood or chipping resistance (coatings), n—ability of a coating or
urine, or both, to determine the level of lead contamination layers of coatings to resist removal, usually in small pieces,
in the body. resulting from impact by hard objects or from wear during
service. D16
blank sample, n—unexposed specimen of the medium used in
testing, such as a wipe or a filter, which is analyzed with clearance area, n—work area and additional spaces outside
other samples to determine whether samples are either (1) the work area where lead contamination may have occurred
contaminated before collection (for example, in the field, or during lead hazard control and other building maintenance
E1605 − 22
or modification activities. containment, n—a physical barrier used to limit the spread of
E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M leaded dust and debris from a designated work area.
DISCUSSION—The spaces outside the work area may include rooms
coring, n—method of collecting soil or paint samples that
connected to the work area, egress routes, waste storage areas, and
grounds adjoining exterior work areas. ensures that materials at each depth are collected
proportionately, usually with a hollow cylindrical extraction
clearance examination, n—a process conducted after a lead
device. E1727
hazard reduction activity, or other building maintenance and
modification activities, to determine that no lead hazards
cracking (coatings),n—phenomenonmanifestedinpaintfilms
remain in the area examined. by a break extending through to the surface painted. D661
E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M DISCUSSION—Where this is difficult to determine, the break should be
called a crack only if the underlying surface is visible. The use of a
clearance level, n—the amount of lead in samples collected
magnification of 10 diameters is recommended in cases where it is
during a clearance examination that is not to be equaled or
difficult to differentiate between cracking and checking.
exceeded so that a residential dwelling or child-occupied
data collection objective, n—a statement explaining the rea-
facility may be classified as adequately clean and safe for
sons that certain data is needed, the questions it is expected
re-occupancy, as promulgated by authorities having
to answer, and the decisions that will be made on the basis
jurisdiction. E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M
of the data, that is used in developing sampling and
coating, n—a liquid or semiliquid, including but not limited to
analytical plans.
paint, varnish, or shellac, that dries or cures to form a
delamination, n—(1) the separation of one coating from
protective or decorative finish after being applied as a thin
another coat within a coating system, or from the substrate;
layer. D16
(2) the separation of layers in a laminated material such as
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), n—basic component of
plywood because of failure of the adhesive.
the USA Federal Register publication system; the CFR is a
D4538 and D907, respectively
codification of the regulations of the various U.S. Federal
deleading, v—activities conducted to eliminate lead-based
agencies.
paint or lead-based paint hazards in public buildings, com-
common area, n—a portion of a building that is generally
mercial buildings, or steel structures.
accessible to all occupants. Such an area may include, but is
detection limit, n—the lowest level of an analyte that can be
not limited to, hallways, stairways, laundry and recreational
detected by an instrument or an analytical method.
rooms, playgrounds, community centers, garages, and
DISCUSSION—There are different kinds of detection limits and it is
boundary fences. 40 CFR 745.223
important to know which one is being discussed.
competence, n—demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and
deteriorated paint, n—paint or other coating that is cracking,
skills. ISO 9000:2000 and E2239
flaking, chipping, peeling, or otherwise damaged or delami-
component, n—a building element using industrial products
nating from the substrate of a building component.
that are manufactured as independent units capable of being
digestate,n—an acidified aqueous solution produced by diges-
joined with other elements. E631
DISCUSSION—For lead hazard assessment, a component of a building tion.
is normally identified by form, function, and location and may include
digestion, n—a high temperature sample preparation process
exterior walls, interior room (type) walls, an interior windowsill in a
bathroom, and so forth. that solubilizes targeted analytes that may be present in the
sample, and results in an acidified aqueous solution called
component (of the waste), n—each of those different and
the digestate. E1913
distinguishable materials that comprise the waste. E1908
DISCUSSION—Digestion normally entails the use of a hot plate or
microwave oven for subjecting the acidified sample solution to high
component replacement (building), n—an abatement method
temperatures. Digestion is a type of extraction.
in which painted components with leaded paint are removed
with minimal disturbance of the paint, and replaced with
discipline, n—one of the specific types or categories of
new components.
lead-based paint activities defined in applicable federal,
state, or local regulations for which individuals may receive
concentration, n—quantity of substance in a unit quantity of
training from accredited training programs and become
sample.
certified. 40 CFR 745.223, adapted
DISCUSSION—LeadinenvironmentalmediaisexpressedinSIunitsof
massconcentration,forexample,µg(micrograms)lead/gmaterial,orin
2 dust-lead hazard, n—a condition that might result in adverse
terms of loading, for example, µg lead/cm of area (micrograms per
human health effects due to lead in surface dust.
square centimetre).Although the non-SI unit of micrograms per square
DISCUSSION—Authorities having jurisdiction may issue guidance or
foot is found in regulatory clearance testing of lead dust, its use is
2 2
promulgate requirements defining the minimum mass per area content
deprecated. (To convert from µg lead/ft to µg lead/cm , divide by
of lead in dust that is considered to constitute a hazard.
929.11.)
conformity, n—fulfillment of a requirement. dust-lead hazard, n—surface dust in a building that contains,
ISO 9000:2000 and E2239 or is presumed to contain, a mass-per-area concentration of
E1605 − 22
lead equal to or exceeding limits set in regulations promul- field operation laboratory, n—a laboratory that uses portable
gated by authorities having jurisdiction. technologytoprovideanalyticalservicesinthefieldnearthe
sampling site.
dust-wipe sample, n—a sample of surface dust collected on a
wipe. E1644
fixed-site laboratory, n—a laboratory that is located in im-
proved real estate such as a building or similar structure.
dwelling unit, n—unit providing complete independent living
facilities for one or more persons, including permanent
flaking (scaling),n—phenomenonmanifestedinpaintfilmsby
provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and
the actual detachment of pieces of the film itself either from
sanitation. E631
its substrate or from paint previously applied. D772
DISCUSSION—Flaking (scaling) is generally preceded by cracking or
EBL, n—see elevated blood lead level.
checking or blistering, and is the result of loss of adhesion, usually due
to stress-strain factors coming into play.
elevated blood lead level (EBL),n—leadcontentinbloodthat
exceeds the safe level established by regulation/local juris-
friction surface, n—an interior or exterior surface that is
diction.
subject to abrasion or friction, including, but not limited to,
certain surfaces of windows, floors, and stairs.
encapsulation, n—the application of an encapsulant. An en-
E2255/E2255M
capsulant or encapsulation product is a substance that forms
a barrier between lead-based paint and the environment
glazing, n—material installed in a window sash, ventilator, or
using a liquid-applied coating (with or without reinforce-
panel such as glass or plastic. E631
ment materials) or an adhesively bonded covering material.
40 CFR 745.223, adapted
hazardous waste,n—liquidorsolidwaste,oranycombination
DISCUSSION—An encapsulant is intended to have a life expectancy of
thereof, which because of its quantity, concentration, or
at least 20 years. Wallpaper and contact paper are not considered to be
physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics is capable
encapsulants.
of: (1) causing, or significantly contributing to an increase in
mortality or to an increase in serious irreversible, or inca-
DISCUSSION—Encapsulation is one of the four principal abatement
methods.
pacitating reversible, illness; or (2) posing a substantial
present or potential hazard to human health or to the
enclosure, n—the use of rigid, durable construction materials
environmentwhenimproperlytreated,stored,transported,or
that are mechanically fastened to the substrate in order to act
disposed of, or otherwise managed.
as a dust-tight barrier between lead-based paint and the
environment. 40 CFR 745.223, adapted
heat gun, n—blower-equipped apparatus that emits heat with
DISCUSSION—Enclosure is one of the four principal abatement meth-
sufficient intensity to soften dried paint to permit scraping
ods.
from the surface.
engineering controls, n—measures other than respiratory
HEPA filter, n—see high-efficiency particulate air filter.
protection or administrative controls that are implemented at
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, n—filter ca-
the work site to contain, control, or otherwise reduce
pable of separating out particles of 0.3 µm or greater from a
exposuretolead-contaminateddustanddebris,usuallyinthe
body of air at 99.97 % efficiency or greater.
occupational health setting. The measures include process
and product substitution, isolation, and ventilation.
impact surface, n—an interior or exterior surface that is
HUD
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1605 − 19 E1605 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
Lead in Buildings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1605; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions for the following:
1.1.1 Terms that are commonly used in the field of management of lead hazards in facilities;
1.1.2 Architectural terms, particularly those associated with older wood-frame buildings; and,
1.1.3 Specialized terms that may be encountered by users in reports and notices that are generated during lead hazard management
activities.
1.2 This terminology standard is supplementary to Terminology E631.
1.3 Definitions adopted or derived from other documents include the following:
1.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted as exact copies from other sources. The source is briefly
identified at the right margin following the definition and fully identified in Section 2.
1.3.2 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adapted from other sources. Changes in these definitions were made
only to clarify the meaning, to incorporate related terms that also are defined in this terminology standard, or to ensure that the
revised definition is consistent with those for related terms. The source is briefly identified with the words “adapted” at the right
margin following the definition, and is fully identified in Section 2.
1.4 Terms within the definitions that are shown in boldface are defined in this terminology standard.
1.5 This terminology standard excludes the following:
1.5.1 Terms with a common dictionary meaning, except in cases where there is a specialized definition within the field of lead
hazard management.
1.5.2 Terms that are used only in individual ASTM standards in which they are defined adequately, whether formally or by the
context in which they appear.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.12 on Sampling and
Analysis,Analysis of Lead,Lead for Exposure and Risk Assessment.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2019Nov. 1, 2022. Published September 2019November 2022. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20182019
as E1605 – 18b.19. DOI: 10.1520/E1605-19.10.1520/E1605-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1605 − 22
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
D4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment (Withdrawn 2006)
E1227 Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn 1991)
E1553 Practice for Collection of Airborne Particulate Lead During Abatement and Construction Activities (Withdrawn 2002)
E1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES),
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Techniques
(Withdrawn 2021)
E1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead
E1727 Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination
E1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination
E1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
E1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
E1796 Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
E1908 Practice for Sample Selection of Debris Waste from a Building Renovation or Lead Abatement Project for Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Testing for Leachable Lead (Pb)
E1913 Guide for Conducting Static, Axenic, 14-Day Phytotoxicity Tests in Test Tubes with the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte,
Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov (Withdrawn 2012)
E1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust, Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of Lead
E2052 Guide for Evaluation, Management, and Control of Lead Hazards in Facilities (Withdrawn 2008)
E2115 Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities
E2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard Activities
E2255/E2255M Practice for Conducting Visual Assessments for Lead Hazards in Buildings
E2271/E2271M Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Multifamily Dwellings
E3074/E3074M Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Single Family Dwellings,
in Individual Units of Multifamily Dwellings, and in Other Child-Occupied Facilities
F141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings
F1156 Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protection Systems (Withdrawn 2001)
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
40 CFR 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste
40 CFR 745.223 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential Structures – Definitions
40 CFR 745.226 Certification of Individuals and Firms Engaged in Lead-Based Paint Activities: Target Housing and
Child-Occupied Facilities
40 CFR 745.227 Work Practice Standards for Conducting Lead-Based Paint Activities: Target Housing and Child-Occupied
Facilities
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://www.access.gpo.gov.
E1605 − 22
2.3 HUD Guidelines:
HUD Guidelines Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing
HUD Interim Guidelines Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines for Hazard Identification and Abatement in Public and Indian
Housing
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9000:2000 Quality Management Systems – Fundamentals and Vocabulary
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to help users understand and apply the large number of specialized terms used
in connection with the management of lead hazards by providing a single, comprehensive, and consistent terminology.
3.1.1 This terminology standard includes some terms that may be encountered, but whose use is discouraged. They are included
for clarification and in order to provide the user with preferred existing alternate terms.
3.1.2 Architectural terms for individual building components are included to promote consistency of usage and to help ensure that
sampling locations are recorded with sufficient accuracy to allow independent confirmation of lead measurements, if necessary.
3.2 A discussion is attached to certain definitions to help make the definition clear or to show how the term and its definition are
related to other terms.
3.3 Terms and definitions in this terminology standard are based upon laws, regulations, and practices in the United States of
America.
3.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted verbatim or are adapted from definitions that are formally
stated or implied in laws and regulations. They are not intended to replace the latter definitions. The user is responsible for
understanding legal definitions and for ensuring that the legal obligations that are encompassed by them are fully satisfied.
3.3.2 Users in other countries should refer to applicable national, regional, and local laws, regulations, and practices.
4. Terminology
abrasion resistance (coatings), n—ability of a coating to resist being worn away and to maintain its original appearance,
integrity, and structure when subjected to rubbing, scraping, or wear.
accessible surface, n—interior or exterior surface (usually up to 5 ft (1.5 m) from floor or ground) that is accessible for a young
child to mouth or chew. See also chewable surface.
accreditation, n—official authorization, approval, or recognition accorded an individual or organization based upon specific
qualifications. E631
accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result and an accepted reference value. E456
action level, n—a level of a contaminant in a medium at or above which activities to control the level are initiated.
DISCUSSION—
The action level may be a maximum allowable level, as in the definition of lead-containing paint. In other cases, it is defined as below a maximum
allowable level, and used as a warning to prevent the latter from being exceeded. An example is the action level in the OSHA lead standard.
administrative controls, n—administrative measures that are used to control occupational exposures to hazards.
DISCUSSION—
The most commonly used administrative controls are job assignments and job rotations that are designed to limit the duration of worker exposure.
Another administrative control is purchase control to ensure the use of materials and equipment which produce the least amount of hazard.
Available from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 451 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20410, http://www.hud.gov.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
E1605 − 22
administrative removal, n—(of workers), temporary removal of workers from a job site prior to blood-lead levels reaching
values requiring medical removal.
analyte, n—chemical or element that is the subject of the testing or measurement in a sampling and analytical procedure, for
example, lead in paint.
anodic stripping voltammetry, n—an electroanalytical technique in which the concentration of a metal species analyte (such
as lead) in a solution is determined by deposition (by reduction) on an electrode, then stripping from it (by oxidation). The peak
electrical current is measured during stripping, and is proportional to the original metal concentration.
DISCUSSION—
Commercial equipment is available to perform this method in the field as well as in fixed-site laboratories.
Apparent Lead Concentration (ALC), n—the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) reading or average of more than one reading on a
painted surface, not corrected for the substrate.
DISCUSSION—
This value was used in a now-obsolete method of correcting XRF readings for substrate effect, and has been replaced by use of the Performance
Characteristic Sheet.
atomic absorption, n—absorption of radiant energy by ground-state atoms.
DISCUSSION—
Substances when dispersed as an atomic vapor will absorb characteristic radiations identical to those that the same substances can emit. This property
is the basis for analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. D2864
baluster (picket), n—one of a series of closely-spaced upright members that support the handrail in a railing system. E631
bare soil, n—soil or sand not covered by grass, sod, other live ground covers, wood chips, gravel, artificial turf, or similar
covering. E2255/E2255M
baseboard, n—a molding covering the juncture of a wall and the adjoining floor.
batch, n—a group of field or quality control samples that are processed together using the same reagents and equipment. E1553
bias, n—the difference between the expectation of the test results and an accepted reference value. E456
biological monitoring, n—analysis of a person’s blood or urine, or both, to determine the level of lead contamination in the
body.
blank sample, n—unexposed specimen of the medium used in testing, such as a wipe or a filter, which is analyzed with other
samples to determine whether samples are either (1) contaminated before collection (for example, in the field, or at the testing
site), or are (2) contaminated after collection (for example, during transportation to the laboratory or in the laboratory), or both.
Also called a media blank, or a dummy specimen.
DISCUSSION—
Blank samples are also important in method validation.
blood-lead level (blood level), n—concentration of lead in the blood, 1 μmole/L = 20.72 μg ⁄mL.
DISCUSSION—
Blood lead levels are associated with the risk and severity of toxic effects.
calibration curve, n—graphical or mathematical representation of a relation between a measured parameter and a property of
the standard for the substance under consideration. C859
E1605 − 22
calibration standard, n—solutions of known analyte concentration used to calibrate instruments. E1613
DISCUSSION—
Calibration standards must be matrix matched to the acid content present in sample digestates or extracts and must be measured prior to analyzing
samples.
certification, n—the process of testing and evaluating against certain specifications the competence of a person, organization,
or other entity in performing a function or service, usually for a specified period of time.
HUD Guidelines
Certified Reference Material (CRM), n—a reference material accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property
values are certified by a procedure that establishes its traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the property
values are expressed. E1644
chalking, n—formation on a pigmented coating of a friable powder evolved from the film itself at or just beneath the surface.
D4214
checking (coatings), n—phenomenon manifested in paint films by slight breaks in the film that do not penetrate to the
underlying surface.
DISCUSSION—
The break should be called a crack if the underlying surface is visible. Where precision is necessary in evaluating a paint film, checking may be
described as visible (as seen by the naked eye) or as microscopic (as observed under a magnification of ten diameters).
chewable surface, n—surface easily accessible to children (usually up to five feet from the floor or ground), and likely to be
chewed-on, such as window sills, balusters, and handrails. See accessible surface.
child-occupied facility, n—a facility constructed prior to 1978 that is visited regularly by the same child, six years of age or
under, at least two different days within any week, for at least three hours per visit, six hours per week, and 60 hours per year.
40 CFR 745.223, adapted
chipping resistance (coatings), n—ability of a coating or layers of coatings to resist removal, usually in small pieces, resulting
from impact by hard objects or from wear during service. D16
clearance area, n—work area and additional spaces outside the work area where lead contamination may have occurred during
lead hazard control and other building maintenance or modification activities.
E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M
DISCUSSION—
The spaces outside the work area may include rooms connected to the work area, egress routes, waste storage areas, and grounds adjoining exterior
work areas.
clearance examination, n—a process conducted after a lead hazard reduction activity, or other building maintenance and
modification activities, to determine that no lead hazards remain in the area examined.
E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M
clearance level, n—the amount of lead in samples collected during a clearance examination that is not to be equaled or exceeded
so that a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility may be classified as adequately clean and safe for re-occupancy, as
promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction. E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M
coating, n—a liquid or semiliquid, including but not limited to paint, varnish, or shellac, that dries or cures to form a protective
or decorative finish after being applied as a thin layer. D16
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), n—basic component of the USA Federal Register publication system. Thesystem; the
CFR is a codification of the regulations of the various U.S. Federal agencies.
E1605 − 22
common area, n—a portion of a building that is generally accessible to all occupants. Such an area may include, but is not
limited to, hallways, stairways, laundry and recreational rooms, playgrounds, community centers, garages, and boundary fences.
40 CFR 745.223
competence, n—demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills. ISO 9000:2000 and E2239
component, n—a building element using industrial products that are manufactured as independent units capable of being joined
with other elements. E631
DISCUSSION—
For lead hazard assessment, a component of a building is normally identified by form, function, and location and may include exterior walls, interior
room (type) walls, an interior windowsill in a bathroom, and so forth.
component (of the waste), n—each of those different and distinguishable materials that comprise the waste. E1908
component replacement (building), n—an abatement method in which painted components with leaded paint are removed with
minimal disturbance of the paint, and replaced with new components.
concentration, n—quantity of substance in a unit quantity of sample.
DISCUSSION—
Lead in environmental media is expressed in SI units of mass concentration, for example, μg (micrograms) lead/g material, or in terms of loading, for
example, μg lead/cm of area (micrograms per square centimetre). Although the non-SI unit of micrograms per square foot is found in regulatory
2 2
clearance testing of lead dust, its use is deprecated. (To convert from μg lead/ft to μg lead/cm , divide by 929.11.)
conformity, n—fulfillment of a requirement.
ISO 9000:2000 and E2239
containment, n—a physical barrier used to limit the spread of leaded dust and debris from a designated work area.
continuing calibration blank, n—a solution containing no analyte which is used to verify blank response and freedom from
carryover. E1613
continuing calibration verification, n—a solution (or set of solutions) of known analyte concentration used to verify freedom
from excessive instrumental drift; the concentration is to cover the range of a linear calibration curve.
adapted from E1613
coring, n—method of collecting soil or paint samples that ensures that materials at each depth are collected proportionately,
usually with a hollow cylindrical extraction device. E1727
cracking (coatings), n—phenomenon manifested in paint films by a break extending through to the surface painted. D661
DISCUSSION—
Where this is difficult to determine, the break should be called a crack only if the underlying surface is visible. The use of a magnification of 10
diameters is recommended in cases where it is difficult to differentiate between cracking and checking.
data collection objective, n—a statement explaining the reasons that certain data is needed, the questions it is expected to
answer, and the decisions that will be made on the basis of the data, that is used in developing sampling and analytical plans.
delamination, n—(1) the separation of one coating from another coat within a coating system, or from the substrate; (2) the
separation of layers in a laminated material such as plywood because of failure of the adhesive.
D4538 and D907, respectively
E1605 − 22
deleading, v—activities conducted to eliminate lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards in public buildings, commercial
buildings, or steel structures.
detection limit, n—the lowest level of an analyte that can be detected by an instrument or an analytical method.
DISCUSSION—
There are different kinds of detection limits and it is important to know which one is being discussed.
instrumental detection limit, n—the lowest concentration at which the instrumentation can distinguish analyte content from the
background generated by a minimal matrix. E1613
DISCUSSION—
The IDL is the limit of performance of the analytical instrument and is given in units of mass per unit volume.
deteriorated paint, n—paint or other coating that is cracking, flaking, chipping, peeling, or otherwise damaged or delaminating
from the substrate of a building component.
digestate, n—an acidified aqueous solution produced by digestion.
digestion, n—a high temperature sample preparation process that solubizessolubilizes targeted analytes that may be present in
the sample, and results in an acidified aqueous solution called the digestate. E1913
DISCUSSION—
Digestion normally entails the use of a hot plate or microwave oven for subjecting the acidified sample solution to high temperatures. Digestion is a
type of extraction.
discipline, n—one of the specific types or categories of lead-based paint activities defined in applicable federal, state, or local
regulations for which individuals may receive training from accredited training programs and become certified. 40 CFR
745.223, adapted
dust-lead hazard, n—a condition that might result in adverse human health effects due to lead in surface dust.
DISCUSSION—
Authorities having jurisdiction may issue guidance or promulgate requirements defining the minimum mass per area content of lead in dust that is
considered to constitute a hazard.
dust-lead hazard, n—surface dust in a building that contains, or is presumed to contain, a mass-per-area concentration of lead
equal to or exceeding limits set in regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdiction.
dust-wipe sample, n—a sample of surface dust collected on a wipe. E1644
dwelling unit, n—unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions
for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. E631
EBL, n—see elevated blood lead level.
elevated blood lead level (EBL), n—lead content in blood that exceeds the safe level established by regulation/local
jurisdiction.
encapsulation, n—the application of an encapsulant. An encapsulant or encapsulation product is a substance that forms a barrier
between lead-based paint and the environment using a liquid-applied coating (with or without reinforcement materials) or an
adhesively bonded covering material.
40 CFR 745.223, adapted
DISCUSSION—
An encapsulant is intended to have a life expectancy of at least 20 years. Wallpaper and contact paper are not considered to be encapsulants.
DISCUSSION—
Encapsulation is one of the four principal abatement methods.
E1605 − 22
enclosure, n—the use of rigid, durable construction materials that are mechanically fastened to the substrate in order to act as
a dust-tight barrier between lead-based paint and the environment. 40 CFR 745.223, adapted
DISCUSSION—
Enclosure is one of the four principal abatement methods.
engineering controls, n—measures other than respiratory protection or administrative controls that are implemented at the work
site to contain, control, or otherwise reduce exposure to lead-contaminated dust and debris, usually in the occupational health
setting. The measures include process and product substitution, isolation, and ventilation.
HUD Guidelines, OSHA
evaluation, n—for lead hazards, a general term to include risk (hazard) assessment, visual assessment, clearance examination,
paint inspection, and the results of testing for lead. E2239
ex situ, n—a term used to describe work performed after removal to another location or away from a facility.
extraction, n—the dissolution of target analytes from a solid matrix into a liquid form. E1979
DISCUSSION—
Digestion is an example of an extraction process. Other extraction processes are ultrasonic extraction and leaching.
facility, n—a physical setting used to serve a specific purpose.
DISCUSSION—
As used in lead hazard management activities, a facility may be a part of a building, a whole building, or a group of buildings with or without
surrounding property, or a non-building setting such as a playground.
field blank, n—blank sample prepared at the field sampling location.
field operation laboratory, n—a laboratory that uses portable technology to provide analytical services in the field near the
sampling site.
fixed-site laboratory, n—a laboratory that is located in improved real estate such as a building or similar structure.
flaking (scaling), n—phenomenon manifested in paint films by the actual detachment of pieces of the film itself either from its
substrate or from paint previously applied. D772
DISCUSSION—
Flaking (scaling) is generally preceded by cracking or checking or blistering, and is the result of loss of adhesion, usually due to stress-strain factors
coming into play.
friction surface, n—an interior or exterior surface that is subject to abrasion or friction, including, but not limited to, certain
surfaces of windows, floors, and stairs. E2255/E2255M
glazing, n—material installed in a window sash, ventilator, or panel such as glass or plastic. E631
hazardous waste, n—liquid or solid waste, or any combination thereof, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical,
chemical, or infectious characteristics is capable of: (1) causing, or significantly contributing to an increase in mortality or to
an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible
...