ASTM G35-98(2015)

Standard Practice for Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Polythionic Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This environment provides a way of evaluating the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for the polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with those of intergranular corrosion tests. Also, this test may not be relevant to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic environments.  
4.2 The polythionic acid environment may produce areas of shallow intergranular attack in addition to the more localized and deeper cracking mode of attack. Examination of failed specimens is necessary to confirm that failure occurred by cracking rather than mechanical failure of reduced sections.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and conducting the polythionic acid test at room temperature, 22 to 25°C (72 to 77°F), to determine the relative susceptibility of stainless steels or other related materials (nickel-chromiumiron alloys) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking.  
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate stainless steels or other materials in the “as received” condition or after being subjected to high-temperature service, 482 to 815°C (900 to 1500°F), for prolonged periods of time.  
1.3 This practice can be applied to wrought products, castings, and weld metal of stainless steels or other related materials to be used in environments containing sulfur or sulfides. Other materials capable of being sensitized can also be tested in accordance with this test.  
1.4 This practice may be used with a variety of stress corrosion test specimens, surface finishes, and methods of applying stress.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• ICS: 77.060 - Corrosion of metals
• Technical Committee: G01 - Corrosion of Metals
• Drafting Committee: G01.06 - Environmentally Assisted Cracking

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G35 − 98 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and
Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-Corrosion
Cracking in Polythionic Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G35; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and con-
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-
ducting the polythionic acid test at room temperature, 22 to
Corrosion Test Specimens
25°C (72 to 77°F), to determine the relative susceptibility of
stainless steels or other related materials (nickel-chromiumiron
3. Summary of Practice
alloys) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking.
3.1 The stressed specimens are placed in the container along
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate stainless steels or
with a sensitized and stressed AISI Type 302 (UNS S30200) or
other materials in the “as received” condition or after being
Type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel control specimen. A
subjected to high-temperature service, 482 to 815°C (900 to
sufficient amount of the previously prepared polythionic acid
1500°F), for prolonged periods of time.
solution is added to the container to immerse the test speci-
1.3 This practice can be applied to wrought products,
mens. A cover is placed on the container and the test is carried
castings, and weld metal of stainless steels or other related
out at room temperature.
materials to be used in environments containing sulfur or
sulfides. Other materials capable of being sensitized can also
4. Significance and Use
be tested in accordance with this test.
4.1 This environment provides a way of evaluating the
1.4 This practice may be used with a variety of stress
resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular
corrosion test specimens, surface finishes, and methods of
stress corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence
applying stress.
of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
those of intergranular corrosion tests. Also, this test may not be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relevant to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
environments.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
4.2 The polythionic acid environment may produce areas of
precautionary statements, see Section 7.
shallow intergranular attack in addition to the more localized
and deeper cracking mode of attack. Examination of failed
2. Referenced Documents
specimens is necessary to confirm that failure occurred by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cracking rather than mechanical failure of reduced sections.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
5. Apparatus
sion Test Specimens
5.1 Any suitable glass or other transparent, inert container
can be used to contain the acid solution and stressed specimens
during the period of test at room temperature, 22 to 25°C (72
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on Environmen-
to 77°F). The container should be fitted with a removable top
tally Assisted Cracking.
to reduce evaporation and to allow access to the stressed
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
specimen (or specimens) for the periodic inspection.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G35–98(2010). DOI:
10.1520/G0035-98R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G35 − 98 (2015)
6. Reagents 8. Test Specimens
6.1 Purity of Reagents—The polythionic acid solution shall 8.1 Any type of stress corrosion test specimen can be used
be prepared using reagent grade sulfurous acid and technical with this test solution. For a comprehensive discussion of the
grade hydrogen sulfide; or, distilled water, commercial grade various types of test specimens available, see Ref (7), as well
sulfur dioxide, and technical grade hydrogen sulfide. as Practices G1 and G30, and Terminology G15.
6.2 Purity of Water—Reagent water Type IV (Specification 8.2 The AISI Type 302 control specimens should be sensi-
D1193) shall be used to prepare the test solutions. tized by heating in a furnace for 4 h at 650°C (1200°F) and
4 then allowing to air cool. The AISI Type 304 control specimens
6.3 Wackenroder’s or Polythionic Acid Solution (1) —A
should be sensitized by heating in a furnace for 2 h at 677°C
slow current of hydrogen sulfide is passed for an hour through
(1250°F) and then allowing to air cool.
a fritted glass tube into a flask containing chilled (0°C, 32°F)
6 % sulfurous acid, after which the liquid is kept in the
9. Procedure
stoppered flask for 48 h at room temperature. This operation is
9.1 Prepare the polythionic acid test solution as described in
repeated until the liquid no longer gives off the odor of sulfur
6.3 and 6.3.1.
dioxide after standing at room temperature for a few hours.
Note safety precautions in Section 7.
9.2 Prior to usage, filter the acid solution to remove the
6.3.1 In an alternative method (2), the polythionic acid
excess sulfur and test for the presence of polythionic acids. The
solution is prepared by passing a slow current of sulfur dioxide
simplest method of test
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G35 − 98 (Reapproved 2010) G35 − 98 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Susceptibility of Stainless Steels and
Related Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys to Stress-Corrosion
Cracking in Polythionic Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G35; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for preparing and conducting the polythionic acid test at room temperature, 22 to 25°C (72
to 77°F), to determine the relative susceptibility of stainless steels or other related materials (nickel-chromiumiron alloys) to
intergranular stress corrosion cracking.
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate stainless steels or other materials in the “as received” condition or after being subjected
to high-temperature service, 482 to 815°C (900 to 1500°F), for prolonged periods of time.
1.3 This practice can be applied to wrought products, castings, and weld metal of stainless steels or other related materials to
be used in environments containing sulfur or sulfides. Other materials capable of being sensitized can also be tested in accordance
with this test.
1.4 This practice may be used with a variety of stress corrosion test specimens, surface finishes, and methods of applying stress.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
G30 Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 The stressed specimens are placed in the container along with a sensitized and stressed AISI Type 302 (UNS S30200) or
Type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel control specimen. A sufficient amount of the previously prepared polythionic acid solution
is added to the container to immerse the test specimens. A cover is placed on the container and the test is carried out at room
temperature.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This environment provides a way of evaluating the resistance of stainless steels and related alloys to intergranular stress
corrosion cracking. Failure is accelerated by the presence of increasing amounts of intergranular precipitate. Results for the
polythionic acid test have not been correlated exactly with those of intergranular corrosion tests. Also, this test may not be relevant
to stress corrosion cracking in chlorides or caustic environments.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on Environmentally
Assisted Cracking.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2010November 2015. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as G35–98(2004).G35–98(2010). DOI: 10.1520/G0035-98R10.10.1520/G0035-98R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G35 − 98 (2015)
4.2 The polythionic acid environment may produce areas of shallow intergranular attack in addition to the more localized and
deeper cracking mode of attack. Examination of failed specimens is necessary to confirm that failure occurred by cracking rather
than mechanical failure of reduced sections.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Any suitable glass or other transparent, inert container can be used to contain the acid solution and stressed specimens
during the period of test at room temperature, 22 to 25°C (72 to 77°F). The container should be fitted with a removable top to
reduce evaporation and to allow access to the stressed specimen (or specimens) for the periodic inspection.
6. Reagents
6.1 Purity of Reagents—The polythionic acid solution shall be prepared using reagent grade sulfurous acid and technical grade
hydrogen sulfide; or, distilled water, commercial grade sulfur dioxide, and technical grade hydrogen sulfide.
6.2 Purity of Water—Reagent water Type IV (Specification D1193) shall be used to prepare the test solutions.
6.3 Wackenroder’s or Polythionic Acid Solution (1) —A slow current of hydrogen sulfide is passed for an hour through a fritted
glass tube into a flask containing chilled (0°C, 32°F) 6 % sulfurous acid, after which the liquid is kept in the stoppered flask for
48 h at room temperature. This operation is repeated until the liquid no longer gives off the odor of sulfur dioxide after standing
at room temperature for a few hours. Note safety precautions in Section 7.
6.3.1 In an alternative method (2), the polythionic acid solution is prepared by passing a slow current of sulfur dioxide gas
through a fritted glass bubbler submerged in a container of distilled water. This is continued until the solution becomes saturated
and then the hydrogen sulfide gas is slowly bubbled into the sulfurous acid solution.
6.3.2 The presence of polythionic acids in the solution prepared in accordance with 6.3 or 6.3.1 can be checked by either of the
following methods. Polarography (3) can be employed to identify the thionic acids, or the percent of acid present in the solution
can be determined by wet techniques (4). The simplest method of checking the solution for polythionic acids
...