ASTM D2974-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine the moisture content, ash content, and percent organic matter in soil.
5.2 The percent organic matter is important in the following: (1) classifying peat or other organic soil, (2) geotechnical and general classification purposes, and (3) when peats are being evaluated as a fuel.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other organic soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks. Test Method D2216 provides an alternative method for determining moisture content in mineral soils and rock.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Moisture is determined by drying peat or organic sample at 110 ± 5°C.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of moisture at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of air dried sample at 110 ± 5°C. This method is used when the peat is to be used as fuel.
1.1.3 Test Method C—Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample, for general purposes, is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace at 440 ± 40°C.
1.1.4 Test Method D—Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample, for materials used for fuel, is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace at 750 ± 38°C.
1.2 Test Method A should be used for general classification, except for use of the peat as a fuel. Test Method B should be used when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyone the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2974 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other
1
Organic Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyonethescope
organic soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks. Test
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
Method D2216 provides an alternative method for determining
methods for engineering design.
moisture content in mineral soils and rock.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1.1 Test Method A—Moistureisdeterminedbydryingpeat
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or organic sample at 110 6 5°C.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1.2 Test Method B—Alternative moisture method which
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
moisture at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of
air dried sample at 110 6 5°C. This method is used when the
2. Referenced Documents
peat is to be used as fuel.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.3 Test Method C—Ash content of a peat or organic soil
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
sample, for general purposes, is determined by igniting oven
Fluids
dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
at 440 6 40°C.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.1.4 Test Method D—Ash content of a peat or organic soil
D2944 Practice of Sampling Processed Peat Materials
sample, for materials used for fuel, is determined by igniting
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
furnace at 750 6 38°C.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2 Test MethodAshould be used for general classification,
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
except for use of the peat as a fuel. Test Method B should be
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
used when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel
Construction Materials Testing
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3. Terminology
Practice D6026.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
4. Summary of Test Methods
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
4.1 Test Method A—Moisture is determined by drying a peat
or organic soil sample at 110 6 5°C. The moisture content is
expressed as a percent of the oven dry mass.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a
2
Medium for Plant Growth. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2974 – 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2974-14. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2974 − 14
4.2 Test Method B—This is an alternative moisture method 7.2 Reduce the sample to the quantity r
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2974 − 13 D2974 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other
1
Organic Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other organic
soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks. Test Method D2216 provides an alternative method for determining moisture content
in mineral soils and rock.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Moisture is determined by drying peat or organic sample at 110 6 5°C.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of moisture
at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of air dried sample at 110 6 5°C. This method is used when the peat is to be
used as fuel.
1.1.3 Test Method C—Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample, for general purposes, is determined by igniting oven dried
sample from moisture content determination in a furnace at 440 6 40°C.
1.1.4 Test Method D—Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample, for materials used for fuel, is determined by igniting oven
dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace at 750 6 38°C.
1.2 Test Method A should be used for general classification, except for use of the peat as a fuel. Test Method B should be used
when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Use Practice D6026 for determining significant digits to report.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyone the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this test method may be
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved though
the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium
for Plant Growth.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2014. Published July 2013November 2014. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D2974 – 07a.D2974 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D2974-13.10.1520/D2974-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
...
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