ASTM D6270-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use of scrap tires including: tire-derived aggregate (TDA) comprised of pieces of scrap tires, TDA/soil mixtures, tire sidewalls, and whole scrap tires in civil engineering applications. This includes use of TDA and TDA/soil mixtures as lightweight embankment fill; lightweight retaining wall backfill; drainage layers for roads, landfills, and other applications; thermal insulation to limit frost penetration beneath roads; insulating backfill to limit heat loss from buildings; vibration damping layers for rail lines; and replacement for soil or rock in other fill applications. Use of whole scrap tires and tire sidewalls includes construction of retaining walls, drainage culverts, road-base reinforcement, and erosion protection, as well as use as fill when whole tires have been compressed into bales. It is the responsibility of the design engineer to determine the appropriateness of using scrap tires in a particular application and to select applicable tests and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of scrap tires in civil engineering applications.
4.2 Three TDA fills with thicknesses in excess of 7 m have experienced a serious heating reaction. However, more than 100 fills with a thickness less than 3 m have been constructed with no evidence of a deleterious heating reaction (1).7 Guidelines have been developed to minimize internal heating of TDA fills (2) as discussed in 6.11. The guidelines are applicable to fills less than 3 m thick. Thus, this practice should be applied only to TDA fills less than 3 m thick.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6270 − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and
Other Organic Soils
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical
D3080/D3080MTest Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
properties, design considerations, construction practices, and
Under Consolidated Drained Conditions (Withdrawn
leachate generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires
3
2020)
in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as
D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
stone, gravel, soil, sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
materials.
D5681Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D7760Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conduc-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tivityofMaterialsDerivedfromScrapTiresUsingaRigid
standard.
Wall Permeameter
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- F538Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
formance of Tires
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tation Offıcials Standards:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
T274Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of
4
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Subgrade Soils
5
M288Standard Specification for Geotextiles
2. Referenced Documents
2.3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
6
2
Method 1311Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C127Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
3. Terminology
and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of common terms used in
C136/C136MTest Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
this practice, refer to Terminologies D5681 (waste
Coarse Aggregates
management), F538 (tires), and D1566 (rubber), respectively.
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3
kN-m/m ))
3.2.1 bead wire, n—a high-tensile steel wire surrounded by
D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
contact to the rim.
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
3.2.2 casing, n—the tire structure not including the tread
D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
portion of the tire.
D2434Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
3.2.3 mineral soil, n—soil containing less than5%organic
(Constant Head)
matter as determined by a loss on ignition test. (D2974)
D2974Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture)
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste www.astm.org.
4
ManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.03onTreatment, Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
Recovery and Reuse. and Testing, Part II: Methods of Sampling and Testing, American Association of
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
5
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6270–17. DOI: Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling
10.1520/D6270-20. and Testing, Part I: Specifications, American Association of State Highway and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
6 rd
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods,3 ed.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Report No. EPA530/SW-846, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Washington,
the ASTM website. DC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6270 − 17 D6270 − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the physical properties, design considerations, construction practices, and leachate
generation potential of processed or whole scrap tires in lieu of conventional civil engineering materials, such as stone, gravel, soil,
sand, lightweight aggregate, or other fill materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D2974 Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other
Organic Soils
3
D3080D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions (Withdrawn 2020)
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D7760 Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Materials Derived from Scrap Tires Using a Rigid Wall
Permeameter
F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, Recovery
and Reuse.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017Sept. 1, 2020. Published January 2018September 2020. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as D6270 – 08 (2012).D6270 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D6270-17.10.1520/D6270-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6270 − 20
2.2 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offıcials Standards:
4
T 274 Standard Method of Test for Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils
5
M 288 Standard Specification for Geotextiles
2.3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:
6
Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of common terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies D5681 (waste management), F538
(tires), and D1566 (rubber), respectively.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bead wire, n—a high-tensile steel wire surrounded by rubber, which forms the bead of a tire that provides a firm contact to
the rim.
3.2.2 casing, n—the tire structure not including the tread portion of the tire.
3.2.3 mineral soil, n—soil containing less than 5 % organic matter as determined by a loss on ignition test .test. (D2974)
3.2.4 preliminary remediation goal, n—risk-based concentrations that the USEPA considers to be protective for lifetime exposure
to humans.
3.2.5 rough shred, n—a piece of a shredded tire that is larger than 50 by 50 by 50 mm, but smaller than 762 by 50 by 100 mm.
3.2.6 rubber buffıngs, n—vulcanized rubber usually obtaine
...
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