ASTM D2538-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Fusion of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds Using a Torque Rheometer
Standard Practice for Fusion of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds Using a Torque Rheometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When PVC compounds are mixed under appropriate conditions of heat and shear, a fused mass is produced. This mass has certain melt characteristics which can be defined with a torque rheometer operated under fixed conditions of shear and temperature. The fusion characteristics of a PVC compound are manifest as fusion time, fusion torque, melt torque, melt viscosity, and heat and color stability.
5.2 A control lot is to be used as a standard against which other test results are to be compared. Test data are to be evaluated relative to the control lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the relative fusion characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) compounds.
1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Fusion Test
9
Thermal Stability Test
10
Color-Hold Stability Test
11
Shear Stability Test
12
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
Note 1: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this ASTM standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2538 − 18
Standard Practice for
Fusion of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds Using a
1
Torque Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This practice covers the relative fusion characteristics of
3. Terminology
poly(vinyl chloride) compounds.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:
nologies D883 and D1600 unless otherwise indicated.
Section
4. Summary of Practice
Fusion Test 9
Thermal Stability Test 10
4.1 A sample of powder-mix compound is added to the
Color-Hold Stability Test 11
heated roller mixer chamber and is transformed into a fused
Shear Stability Test 12
mass.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.2 The resulting torque curve can be used to determine the
standard.
relative fusion time and fusion characteristics.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 When PVC compounds are mixed under appropriate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
conditions of heat and shear, a fused mass is produced. This
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mass has certain melt characteristics which can be defined with
Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
a torque rheometer operated under fixed conditions of shear
NOTE 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
and temperature. The fusion characteristics of a PVC com-
matter of this ASTM standard.
pound are manifest as fusion time, fusion torque, melt torque,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
melt viscosity, and heat and color stability.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 A control lot is to be used as a standard against which
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
other test results are to be compared. Test data are to be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
evaluated relative to the control lot.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
3
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Microprocessor Torque Rheometer, equipped with a
2
high-shear mixer with roller-style blades, bowl-jacket
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thermocouple, stock thermocouple, and temperature recorder.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
NOTE 2—Atorque rheometer without microprocessor capability can be
tics used to perform the fusion, thermal stability, and color hold tests.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
6.1.1 For flexible and rigid compounds, use a Type 6 roller
head with a rotor ratio of 3 Drive: 2 Driven.
1 NOTE 3—AType 5 roller head can also be used, but the data generated
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
cannot be compared with the Type 6 data.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
6.2 Quick-Loading Powder Chute or equivalent.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2538 – 02(2010).
DOI:10.1520/D2538-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Suitable equipment may be obtained from C. W. Brabender, 50 E. Wesley St.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on South Hackensack, NJ 07606, and Haake Buchler Instruments, 244 Saddle River
the ASTM website. Rd., Saddle Brook, NJ 07662.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2538 − 18
6.3 Brass Knife. where:
V = volume of mixer bowl without rotors, and
6.4 Brass Wool or Brush.
D = volume displacement or rotors.
6.5 Insulated Gloves.
NOTE4—Thecorrectsamplesizeforthemixeriswhenthefusioncurve
will duplicate itself. As the mixer wears, it will be necessary to increase
6.6 Balance, 500-g minimum capacity, with a 0.1-g sensi-
the sample size to rep
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2538 − 02 (Reapproved 2010) D2538 − 18
Standard Practice for
Fusion of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds Using a
1
Torque Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the relative fusion characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) compounds.
1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Fusion Test 9
Thermal Stability Test 10
Color-Hold Stability Test 11
Shear Stability Test 12
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
NOTE 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this ASTM standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and D1600 unless otherwise indicated.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A sample of powder-mix compound is added to the heated roller mixer chamber and is transformed into a fused mass.
4.2 The resulting torque curve can be used to determine the relative fusion time and fusion characteristics.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 When PVC compounds are mixed under appropriate conditions of heat and shear, a fused mass is produced. This mass has
certain melt characteristics which can be defined with a torque rheometer operated under fixed conditions of shear and temperature.
The fusion characteristics of a PVC compound are manifest as fusion time, fusion torque, melt torque, melt viscosity, and heat and
color stability.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2018. Published March 2011December 2018. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 as
D2538 – 02.D2538 – 02 DOI:10.1520/D2538-02R10.(2010). DOI:10.1520/D2538-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2538 − 18
5.2 A control lot is to be used as a standard against which other test results are to be compared. Test data are to be evaluated
relative to the control lot.
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Microprocessor Torque Rheometer, equipped with a high-shear mixer with roller-style blades, bowl-jacket thermocouple,
stock thermocouple, and temperature recorder.
NOTE 2—A torque rheometer without microprocessor capability can be used to perform the fusion, thermal stability, and color hold tests.
6.1.1 For flexible and rigid compounds, use a Type 6 roller head with a rotor ratio of 3 Drive: 2 Driven.
NOTE 3—A Type 5 roller head can also be used, but the data generated cannot be compared with the Type 6 data.
6.2 Quick-Loading Powder Chute or equivalent.
6.3 Brass Knife.
6.4 Brass Wool or Brush.
6.5 Insulated Gloves.
6.6 Balance, 500-g minimum capacity, with a 0.1-g sensitivity.
6.7 Beaker, stainless steel, 400 mL.
6.8 Oven.
6.9 Aluminum Foil.
6.10 Timer.
6.11 Long-Nose Pliers.
6.12 Hand-Press Mold.
7. Materials
7.1 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resin.
7.2 Filter.
7.3 Lubricants.
7.4 Plas
...
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