ASTM D2661-21

Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) schedule 40 plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe and fittings. ABS plastic which does not meet the material requirements is excluded. ABS plastic shall conform to the minimum content requirements of polymers or polymer blends and shall compose of acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene or substituted styrene or both, and other monomeric or polymeric components. Pipe and fittings shall be homogenous and free of defects. Other requirements include dimensions, tolerances, stiffness, flattening, impact resistance, and bond strength. Sampling, conditioning, product marking, and quality shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fittings and single and coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe (DWV) made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS). Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and all coextruded layers.  
1.2 Specification for fittings for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1.  
1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic, which does not meet the definition of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.2, is excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic, which meets the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.3, is acceptable.  
1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in Terminology D883 is excluded.  
1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2021
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.63 - DWV

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D1898-68(1989) - Standard Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
• Effective Date: 29-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM D2321-20 - Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2321-18 - Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2444-17 - Standard Practice for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight)
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2017

Overview

ASTM D2661-21 is the internationally recognized standard specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 plastic drain, waste, and vent (DWV) pipe and fittings. Developed by ASTM International, this standard defines requirements for the manufacturing, material composition, dimensions, performance, and installation of ABS Schedule 40 DWV systems. The specification ensures a uniform approach to quality and safety, enhancing confidence in the use of ABS DWV piping for residential, commercial, and industrial plumbing applications.

Key Topics

• Material Requirements
  Only virgin ABS plastic or qualified rework material is permitted. ABS plastic must consist of defined ratios of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene components, ensuring durability and resistance to chemical corrosion.
• Manufacturing Quality
  Pipe and fittings must be homogenous, free from defects such as cracks or inclusions, and have uniform color, density, and opacity.
• Dimensional Standards
  Strict tolerances are specified for outside diameter, wall thickness, and length, aligning with Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS). Consistent sizing supports reliable joining, tight seals, and straightforward installation.
• Performance Testing
  Requirements include benchmarks for stiffness, flattening resistance, and impact resistance, supporting durability under real-world conditions. Bond strength between layers is stipulated for coextruded pipe products.
• Marking and Traceability
  Manufacturers are required to mark pipes with identifying information (including ASTM D2661 designation, manufacturer, size, date, and production codes) to ensure traceability and compliance.
• Joining and Installation Guidance
  Appendices in the standard cover best practices for storage, joining (primarily using ABS solvent cement), and installation, both above and below ground.

Applications

• Residential Plumbing
  Ideal for drain, waste, and vent systems in homes thanks to corrosion resistance, lightweight properties, and ease of installation.
• Commercial and Institutional Buildings
  Used extensively in multi-story buildings, schools, and hospitals for waste management and venting where Schedule 40 requirements apply.
• Industrial Sewage and Liquid Waste
  Can be approved for certain industrial waste disposal lines, pending review for compatibility with chemicals and temperatures beyond typical household range.
• Retrofitting and Repairs
  The standardized dimensions and joining methods make ABS Schedule 40 DWV pipe and fittings widely compatible with existing systems, facilitating upgrades and maintenance.

Related Standards

Several other ASTM documents are referenced within ASTM D2661-21, supporting comprehensive coverage of ABS DWV systems:

• ASTM D3965: Classification of ABS materials for pipe and fittings
• ASTM D2235: Specification for solvent cement for ABS plastic pipe and fittings
• ASTM D3311: Specification for DWV plastic fittings patterns
• ASTM F402: Practice for safe handling of solvent cements and cleaners
• ASTM D2122: Method for determining pipe and fitting dimensions
• ASTM D2412, D2444: Test methods for external loading characteristics and impact resistance

Practical Value

Complying with ASTM D2661-21 ensures the selection and installation of ABS Schedule 40 DWV piping that meets recognized standards for quality, safety, and performance. By specifying requirements for manufacturing, material quality, dimensions, stiffness, and impact resistance, the standard supports long-lasting plumbing systems with minimal maintenance. The guidance for storage, joining, and installation helps professionals minimize errors and optimize performance in both new construction and renovation projects.

Keywords: ABS Schedule 40, plastic drain pipe, waste and vent pipe, DWV fittings, plumbing standards, ASTM D2661, ABS pipe installation, pipe quality, plumbing code compliance, solvent cement joining.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D2661 −21 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers fittings and single and coex-
truded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain,
2. Referenced Documents
waste, and vent pipe (DWV) made to Schedule 40 iron pipe
sizes (IPS). Plastic which does not meet the material require- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ments specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
all coextruded layers. D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
1.2 Specification for fittings for use with pipe meeting the
tics
requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1.
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic, which does not
D2122Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
meet the definition of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.2,is
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as
D2235Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-
virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic, which meets
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.3, is accept-
D2321PracticeforUndergroundInstallationofThermoplas-
able.
tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
D2412Test Method for Determination of External Loading
1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
Terminology D883 is excluded.
D2444Practice for Determination of the Impact Resistance
1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation
of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup
are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix
(Falling Weight)
X3, respectively.
D3311Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV)
Plastic Fittings Patterns
1.6 Thetextofthisspecificationreferencesnotes,footnotes,
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These D3965ClassificationSystemandBasisforSpecificationsfor
Rigid Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Materials
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
not be considered as requirements of the specification. for Pipe and Fittings
E105Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Lot or Process
and are not considered standard.
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Pipe and Fittings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.63 on DWV. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
ɛ1 3
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2661–14 . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D2661-21. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2661−21
F1498SpecificationforTaperPipeThreads60°forThermo- 4. Classification
plastic Pipe and Fittings
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to
F2135Specification for Molded Drain, Waste, and Vent
provide pipe suitable for the drainage and venting of sewage
(DWV) Short-Pattern Plastic Fittings
and certain other liquid wastes.
2.2 Federal Standard:
NOTE 1—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
the specific approval of the cognizant building code authority since
chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in
2.3 Military Standard:
excess of 180°F (82°C) may be encountered.
MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage
NOTE 2—This specification does not include requirements for pipe and
fittings intended to be used to vent combustion gases.
3. Terminology
5. Materials
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance withTerminology F412,
5.1 Material Specification—Virgin black ABS plastic shall
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
conformtotherequirementsprescribedinSpecificationD3965
unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation for acrylonitrile-
with a cell classification of 4-2-2-2-2.The form of the material
butadiene-styrene is ABS.
shallbeasagreeduponbetweenthesellerandthepurchaserin
3.1.2 coextruded pipe—pipe consisting of two or more
accordance with Specification D3965.
concentric layers of material bonded together in processing by
5.2 TheABS plastic shall conform to the following require-
any combination of temperature, pressure, grafting,
ments:
crosslinking, or adhesion.
5.2.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic—
3.1.3 coextrusion—a process whereby two or more heated
Plasticcontainingpolymersorblendsofpolymersshallcontain
or unheated plastic material streams forced through one or
a minimum of 15% acrylonitrile, 6% butadiene, and 15%
more shaping orifice(s) become one continuously formed
styrene or substituted styrene, or both. ABS plastic shall
piece.
contain no more than 10 % of other monomeric or polymeric
3.1.4 room temperature—a temperature in the range from
components plus other necessary compounding ingredients.
68°F to 85°F 6 3.6°F (20°C to 30°C 6 2°C).
5.3 Rework Material—The manufacturer shall use only his
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
own clean pipe or fitting rework material conforming with
3.2.1 lot—a lot shall consist of all pipe of the same size
these cell class requirements. The pipe or fittings produced
produced from one extrusion line during one designated 24h
shall meet all the requirements of this specification.
period.
6. Requirements
3.2.2 recycled plastic—a plastic prepared from discarded
articles that have been cleaned and reground.
6.1 General—The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous
throughoutandfreeofvisiblecracks,holes,foreigninclusions,
3.2.3 reprocessed plastic—a thermoplastic usually prepared
or other injurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as
from melt processed scrap or reject parts by a plastics
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
processor, or from nonstandard or nonuniform virgin material.
physical properties.
3.2.4 virgin ABS plastic—plastic in the form of pellets,
6.1.1 The requirements in this section are intended only for
granules, powder, floc, or liquid that has not been subjected to
use as quality control tests, not as simulated service tests.
use or processing other than that required for its initial
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
manufacture.
6.2.1 Outside Diameter—The outside diameter and toler-
ancesshallmeettherequirementsofTable1whenmeasuredin
accordance with Test Method D2122. The tolerance for out-
of-roundness shall apply to pipe prior to shipment.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
TABLE 1 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
Outside Diameter
Out-of-Roundness Maximum
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
Average, in. (mm) Tolerance on Average, in. (mm) Diameter Minus Minimum
A
Diameter, in. (mm)
1 ⁄4 1.660 (42.16) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
1 ⁄2 1.900 (48.26) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
2 2.375 (60.32) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
3 3.500 (88.90) +0.015, −0.000 (+0.38, −0.00) 0.030 (0.76)
4 4.500 (114.30) +0.015, −0.000 (+0.38, −0.00) 0.030 (0.76)
6 6.625 (168.28) +0.011, −0.011 (+0.28, −0.28) 0.050 (1.27)
A
Measured at time of manufacturing.
D2661−21
TABLE 3 Pipe Stiffness of ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste,
6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness and tolerances
and Vent Pipe
shall meet the requirements of Table 2 when measured in
Minimum Pipe
accordance with Test Method D2122.
Stiffness at 5 %
Nominal Pipe
6.2.3 Length—Thepipeshallbeineither10or20-ft(3.05or
Deflection
Size, in.
6.1-m) lengths, unless otherwise specified. The allowable
psi (MPa)
tolerance on length shall be + ⁄2, −0 in. (+12, −0 mm).
1 ⁄4 870 (6.00)
6.3 Performance Requirements:
1 ⁄2 630 (4.34)
6.3.1 Pipe Stiffness— The minimum pipe stiffness values at
2 370 (2.55)
5%deflectionwhenmeasuredinaccordancewithTestMethod 3 320 (2.20)
4 190 (1.31)
D2412, shall equal or exceed the values in Table 3.The rate of
crosshead motion shall be 0.20 in./min to 0.25 in./min (5.1
6 95 (0.65)
mm/minto6.3mm/min).Threespecimensshallbetested.Ifall
threemeetthisrequirement,thesamplemeetsthisrequirement.
If one or two fail, additional testing shall be conducted in
6.3.1.3 The 15% requirement is calculated as follows:
accordance with 6.3.1.1. If all three fail, the sample does not
Avg 2 LCL / Avg 3100#15% (2)
~ ! ~ !
meet the requirement.
NOTE 3—For quality control testing, a single specimen may be used
6.3.1.1 Pipe Stiffness and Lower Confidence Limit—In the
with the thinnest wall at the top.
event that one or two of the specimens tested in 6.3.1 fail to
NOTE 4—The 5% deflection criteria is arbitrarily selected for testing
meet the minimum requirement, the average pipe stiffness of
convenience. It should not be considered as a limitation with respect to
eleven specimens shall meet or exceed the minimum require- in-use deflection. The engineer is responsible for establishing the accept-
able deflection limit.
mentgiveninTable3.The99%lowerconfidencelimit(LCL)
NOTE 5—The strength and load-carrying capabilities of plastic pipe are
shall be within 15% of the average value. The LCL shall be
measured and reported as pipe stiffness, which is determined in accor-
calculated using the Student’s “ t” distribution, with N-1
dance with Test Method D2412. The term “crush strength” is not
degrees of freedom, where N is the number of specimens. The
applicable to plastic piping because the values obtained can be signifi-
cantly different, depending on the bedding, loading, or testing technique
critical t value shall be used to at least three significant digits.
used, and because the term derives from rigid pipe and refers to its
Alternatively,iftheLCLexceedstheminimumPSrequirement
ultimate strength at rupture.
in Table 3, but is not within 15% of the average, the sample
6.3.2 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of rup-
meetstherequirementsofthePipeStiffnesstesting.Theeleven
ture when pipe is deflected 40 % of the initial inside diameter
specimens include the three tested under 6.3.1, and an addi-
when tested in accordance with Test Method D2412. The rate
tional eight with rotation by 35°, as specified in Test Method
of head approach shall be 0.20 in./min to 0.25 in./min (5.1
D2412, continuing throughout the remaining specimens.
mm/min to 6.3 mm/min). Three specimens shall be tested.All
6.3.1.2 The LCL based on testing eleven specimens is
shall meet the requirements. Failure shall be a crack or break
calculated as follows:
extending entirely through the pipe wall visible to the unaided
LCL 5 ~avgPS! 2 $2.76~std.dev.!/=~N!% (1)
eye.
where: 6.3.3 Impact Resistance—The minimum impact resistance,
when tested at the time of manufacture, shall comply with
~avgPS! 5 @ ~PS !#/~11!
( i
Table4.TestinaccordancewithTestMethodD2444usingTup
2 1/2
PS 2 ~ PS! /N
( ( B and Holder B. Use a 30lb (13.6kg) tup for testing all pipe
~std.dev.! 5 F G
N 2 1
sizes.
N=11.
6.3.3.1 Test 10 specimens. When 9 or 10 specimens pass,
accept the lot. When 2 or more specimens fail, test 10
additional specimens. When 17 of 20 specimens tested pass,
TABLE 2 Wall Thickness and Tolerance for ABS Schedule 40
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe accept the lot. When 4 or more of 20 specimens fail, test 20
A
additional specimens. When 32 of 40 specimens pass, accept
Wall Thickness
Nominal Pipe
the lot. When 9 or more of 40 specimens fail, the lot does not
Minimum Wall, Tolerance,
Size, in.
in. (mm) in. (mm)
meet the requirements of this specification.
1 ⁄4 0.140 (3.56) +0.015 (+0.38)
−0.000 (−0.00)
TABLE 4 Impact Resistance of ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain,
1 ⁄2 0.145 (3.68) +0.015 (+0.38)
Waste, and Vent Pipe
−0.000 (−0.00)
Minimum Impact Resistance, ft·lbf (J)
2 0.154 (3.91) +0.015 (+0.38)
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
−0.000 (−0.00) At 73 °F (23 °C)
3 0.216 (5.42) +0.020 (+0.51)
−0.000 (−0.00)
1 ⁄4 20 (27)
4 0.237 (6.02) +0.024 (+0.61)
1 ⁄2 30 (41)
−0.000 (−0.00)
2 40 (54)
6 0.280 (7.11) +0.030 (+0.76)
3 60 (81)
−0.000 (−0.00)
4 60 (81)
A
6 100 (136)
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section.
D2661−21
6.3.3.2 Failure of the test specimen shall be shattering or 7.3.2 Forroutinequalitycontroltesting,conditionthespeci-
anycrackorbreakextendingentirelythroughthepipewalland mens at the temperature and humidity of the manufacturers
visible to the unaided eye. testing facility for not less than1hor until the specimens are
at room temperature.
6.4 Coextruded Pipe:
6.4.1 Thickness of Outer Layer—For pipe produced by the
7.4 Test Conditions:
coextrusion process, that is, pipe containing two or more
7.4.1 For referee purposes, conduct tests in the standard
concentric layers, the outer layer shall be at least 0.020 in.
laboratory atmosphere of 73.4°F 6 3.6°F (23°C 6 2°C) and
(0.50mm)thickandshallcontainpigmentsorscreeningagents
50% 6 5% relative humidity.
to provide protection against UV radiation.
7.4.2 For routine quality control testing, conduct tests at the
6.4.2 Bond—For pipe produced by the coextrusion process,
room temperature and humidity of the manufacturers testing
thatis,pipecontainingtwoormoreconcentriclayers,thebond
area.
between the layers shall be strong and uniform. It shall not be
7.5 Test Methods—Use only the specifiedASTM test meth-
possible to separate any two layers with a probe or point of a
ods.
knife blade so that the layers separate cleanly so the probe or
knife blade moves freely between the layers. Nor shall sepa-
8. Retest and Rejection
ration of bond occur between layers during testing performed
under the requirements of this specification. 8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements
of this specification, the test(s) shall be conducted again only
6.5 Other Requirements:
byagreementbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.Undersuch
6.5.1 Inspection—Before installation the pipe shall be in-
agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered,
spected. Pipe which does not meet the requirements of this
changed,ormodified,norshallspecificationlimitsbechanged.
specification shall be returned to the seller.
If, upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product repre-
6.5.2 Joining—ABS schedule 40 drain, waste, and vent
sented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this
(DWV) are joined using molded fittings meeting the require-
specification.
ments of Annex A1 of this specification.
6.5.3 Solvent Cement—Primer shall not be used in the
9. Product Marking
assembly of solvent cement joints, the safety requirements of
Practice F402 shall be followed using ABS solvent cement
9.1 Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to
meeting the requirements of Specification D2235.
thepipeinsuchamannerthattheyremainlegible(easilyread)
after installation and inspection.
7. Sampling and Conditioning
9.2 Content of Marking—The pipe shall be marked on two
7.1 Sampling—For the purpose of testing, the lot shall
sides 180° apart at least every 2 ft (0.6 m) in letters not less
consist of all pipe produced of one size, from one extrusion
than ⁄16 in. (5 mm) high, in a contrasting color with the
line, during one designated 24-h period. The number of
following information:
specimens designated for each test shall be taken from pipe
9.2.1 The manufacturer’s name (or trademark).
selected at random from each lot in accordance with the
9.2.2 This designation,ASTM D2661, including the year of
random sampling plan of Practice D1898.
issue.
NOTE 6—Refer to Practices E105 and E122.
9.2.3 Nominal pipe size (for example, 2 in. (51 mm)).
7.2 Number of Tests for Quality Control—When evaluating
9.2.4 The manufacturer’s code for resin manufacturer, lot
the product against this specification, the following minimum
number, and date of manufacture.
number of specimens shall be tested for each lot.
9.2.5 Single Extrusion Pipe—The pipe produced by single
7.2.1 Outside Diameter—One specimen per extrusion line.
extrusion process shall be marked “ABS DWV”.
7.2.2 Wall Thickness—One specimen per extrusion line.
9.2.6 Coextruded Pipe—The pipe produced by the coextru-
7.2.3 Length—One specimen per extrusion line.
sion process shall be marked “COEXTRUDED ABS DWV”.
7.2.4 Pipe Stiffness—A minimum of three specimens per
extrusion line. (See Note 3.)
10. Quality Assurance
7.2.5 Pipe Flattening—A minimum of three specimens per
10.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
extrusion line.
D2661, the manufacturer affirms that the product was
7.2.6 Impact Strength—Aminimum of ten specimens and a
manufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance
maximum of 40.
with this specification and has been found to meet the
7.2.7 Bond—One specimen for each extrusion line.
requirements of this specification.
7.3 Conditioning:
7.3.1 For referee purposes, condition the specimens prior to
11. Keywords
test at 73.4°F 6 3.6°F (23°C 6 2°C) and 50% 6 5%
relativehumidityinaccordancewithPracticeD618,Procedure 11.1 ABS; DWV; fittings; pipe; plastic; Schedule 40; ther-
A. moplastic
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2661 − 14 D2661 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—9.2.2 was editorially revised in March 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers fittings and single and coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and
vent pipe (DWV) made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS). Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in
Section 5 is excluded from single layer and all coextruded layers.
1.2 Specification for fittings for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1.
1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic, which does not meet the definition of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.2, is excluded,
as performance of plastic other than those defined as virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic, which meets the requirements
of rework plastic as given in 5.3, is acceptable.
1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in Terminology D883 is excluded.
1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3,
respectively.
1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.63 on DWV.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2021. Published January 2015November 2021. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20112014
ɛ1
as D2661 – 11.D2661 – 14 . DOI: 10.1520/D2661-14E01.10.1520/D2661-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2661 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D2235 Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
D2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications
D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
D2444 Practice for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling
Weight)
D3311 Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns
D3965 Classification System and Basis for Specifications for Rigid Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Materials for Pipe
and Fittings
E105 Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
F2135 Specification for Molded Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Short-Pattern Plastic Fittings
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless
otherwise specified. The abbreviation for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene is ABS.
3.1.2 coextruded pipe—pipe consisting of two or more concentric layers of material bonded together in processing by any
combination of temperature, pressure, grafting, crosslinking, or adhesion.
3.1.3 coextrusion—a process whereby two or more heated or unheated plastic material streams forced through one or more shaping
orifice(s) become one continuously formed piece.
3.1.4 room temperature—a temperature in the range from 6868 °F to 8585 °F 6 3.6°F (203.6 °F (20 °C to 3030 °C 6 2°C).2 °C).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 lot—a lot shall consist of all pipe of the same size produced from one extrusion line during one designated 24-h24 h period.
3.2.2 recycled plastic—a plastic prepared from discarded articles that have been cleaned and reground.
3.2.3 reprocessed plastic—a thermoplastic usually prepared from melt processed scrap or reject parts by a plastics processor, or
from nonstandard or nonuniform virgin material.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA
19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil. 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
D2661 − 21
3.2.4 virgin ABS plastic—plastic in the form of pellets, granules, powder, floc, or liquid that has not been subjected to use or
processing other than that required for its initial manufacture.
4. Classification
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe suitable for the drainage and venting of sewage and certain
other liquid wastes.
NOTE 1—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant building code authority since chemicals not
commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C) may be encountered.
NOTE 2—This specification does not include requirements for pipe and fittings intended to be used to vent combustion gases.
5. Materials
5.1 Material Specification—Virgin black ABS plastic shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Specification D3965 with
a cell classification of 4-2-2-2-2. The form of the material shall be as agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser in
accordance with Specification D3965.
5.2 The ABS plastic shall conform to the following requirements:
5.2.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic—Plastic containing polymers or blends of polymers shall contain a minimum
of 15 % acrylonitrile, 6 % butadiene, and 15 % styrene or substituted styrene, or both. ABS plastic shall contain no more than 10
% of other monomeric or polymeric components plus other necessary compounding ingredients.
5.3 Rework Material—The manufacturer shall use only his own clean pipe or fitting rework material conforming with these cell
class requirements. The pipe or fittings produced shall meet all the requirements of this specification.
6. Requirements
6.1 General—The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, or other
injurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties.
6.1.1 The requirements in this section are intended only for use as quality control tests, not as simulated service tests.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
6.2.1 Outside Diameter—The outside diameter and tolerances shall meet the requirements of Table 1 when measured in
accordance with Test Method D2122. The tolerance for out-of-roundness shall apply to pipe prior to shipment.
6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness and tolerances shall meet the requirements of Table 2 when measured in accordance
with Test Method D2122.
TABLE 1 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
Outside Diameter
Out-of-Roundness Maximum
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
Average, in. (mm) Tolerance on Average, in. (mm) Diameter Minus Minimum
A
Diameter, in. (mm)
1 ⁄4 1.660 (42.16) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
1 ⁄2 1.900 (48.26) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
2 2.375 (60.32) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
3 3.500 (88.90) +0.015, −0.000 (+0.38, −0.00) 0.030 (0.76)
4 4.500 (114.30) +0.015, −0.000 (+0.38, −0.00) 0.030 (0.76)
6 6.625 (168.28) +0.011, −0.011 (+0.28, −0.28) 0.050 (1.27)
A
Measured Measured at time of manufacturing.
D2661 − 21
TABLE 2 Wall Thickness and Tolerance for ABS Schedule 40
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
A
Wall Thickness
Nominal Pipe
Minimum Wall, Tolerance,
Size, in.
in. (mm) in. (mm)
1 ⁄4 0.140 (3.56) +0.015 (+0.38)
−0.000 (−0.00)
1 ⁄2 0.145 (3.68) +0.015 (+0.38)
−0.000 (−0.00)
2 0.154 (3.91) +0.015 (+0.38)
−0.000 (−0.00)
3 0.216 (5.42) +0.020 (+0.51)
−0.000 (−0.00)
4 0.237 (6.02) +0.024 (+0.61)
−0.000 (−0.00)
6 0.280 (7.11) +0.030 (+0.76)
−0.000 (−0.00)
A
The The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section.
6.2.3 Length—The pipe shall be in either 10 or 20-ft (3.05 or 6.1-m) lengths, unless otherwise specified. The allowable tolerance
on length shall be + ⁄2, −0 in. (+12, −0 mm).
6.3 Performance Requirements:
6.3.1 Pipe Stiffness— The minimum pipe stiffness values at 5 % deflection when measured in accordance with Test Method
D2412, shall equal or exceed the values in Table 3. The rate of crosshead motion shall be 0.20 in./min to 0.25 in./min (5.1 mm/min
to 6.3 mm/min). Three specimens shall be tested. If all three meet this requirement, the sample meets this requirement. If one or
two fail, additional testing shall be conducted in accordance with 6.3.1.1. If all three fail, the sample does not meet the requirement.
6.3.1.1 Pipe Stiffness and Lower Confidence Limit—In the event that one or two of the specimens tested in 6.3.1 fail to meet the
minimum requirement, the average pipe stiffness of eleven specimens shall meet or exceed the minimum requirement given in
Table 3. The 99 % lower confidence limit (LCL) shall be within 15 % of the average value. The LCL shall be calculated using the
Student’s “ t” distribution, with N-1 degrees of freedom, where N is the number of specimens. The critical t value shall be used
to at least three significant digits. Alternatively, if the LCL exceeds the minimum PS requirement in Table 3, but is not within 15 %
of the average, the sample meets the requirements of the Pipe Stiffness testing. The eleven specimens include the three tested under
6.3.1, and an additional eight with rotation by 35°, as specified in Test Method D2412, continuing throughout the remaining
specimens.
6.3.1.2 The LCL based on testing eleven specimens is calculated as follows:
LCL 5 avg PS 2 2.76 std. dev. /= N (1)
~ ! $ ~ ! ~ !%
where:
avg PS 5@ PS #/ 11
~ ! ~ ! ~ !
( i
TABLE 3 Pipe Stiffness of ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste,
and Vent Pipe
Minimum Pipe
Stiffness at 5 %
Nominal Pipe
Deflection
Size, in.
psi (MPa)
1 ⁄4 870 (6.00)
1 ⁄2 630 (4.34)
2 370 (2.55)
3 320 (2.20)
4 190 (1.31)
6 95 (0.65)
D2661 − 21
2 1/2
PS 2~ PS! /N
( (
std. dev. 5
~ ! F G
N 2 1
N = 11.
6.3.1.3 The 15 % requirement is calculated as follows:
Avg 2 LCL / Avg 3100 # 15 % (2)
~ ! ~ !
NOTE 3—For quality control testing, a single specimen may be used with the thinnest wall at the top.
NOTE 4—The 5 % deflection criteria is arbitrarily selected for testing convenience. It should not be considered as a limitation with respect to in-use
deflection. The engineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.
NOTE 5—The strength and load-carrying capabilities of plastic pipe are measured and reported as pipe stiffness, which is determined in accordance with
Test Method D2412. The term “crush strength” is not applicable to plastic piping because the values obtained can be significantly different, depending
on the bedding, loading, or testing technique used, and because the term derives from rigid pipe and refers to its ultimate strength at rupture.
6.3.2 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of rupture when pipe is deflected 40% 40 % of the initial inside diameter when
tested in accordance with Test Method D2412. The rate of head approach shall be 0.20 in./min to 0.25 in./min (5.1 mm/min to 6.3
mm/min). Three specimens shall be tested. All shall meet the requirements. Failure shall be a crack or break extending entirely
through the pipe wall visible to the unaided eye.
6.3.3 Impact Resistance—The minimum impact resistance, when tested at the time of manufacture, shall comply with Table 4. Test
in accordance with Test Method D2444 using Tup B and Holder B. Use a 30-lb (13.6 kg) 30 lb (13.6 kg) tup for testing all pipe
sizes.
6.3.3.1 Test 10 specimens. When 9 or 10 specimens pass, accept the lot. When 2 or more specimens fail, test 10 additional
specimens. When 17 of 20 specimens tested pass, accept the lot. When 4 or more of 20 specimens fail, test 20 additional specimens.
When 32 of 40 specimens pass, accept the lot. When 9 or more of 40 specimens fail, the lot does not meet the requirements of
this specification.
6.3.3.2 Failure of the test specimen shall be shattering or any crack or break extending entirely through the pipe wall and visible
to the unaided eye.
6.4 Coextruded Pipe:
6.4.1 Thickness of Outer Layer—For pipe produced by the coextrusion process, that is, pipe containing two or more concentric
layers, the outer layer shall be at least 0.020 in. (0.50 mm) thick and shall contain pigments or screening agents to provide
protection against UV radiation.
6.4.2 Bond—For pipe produced by the coextrusion process, that is, pipe containing two or more concentric layers, the bond
between the layers shall be strong and uniform. It shall not be possible to separate any two layers with a probe or point of a knife
blade so that the layers separate cleanly so the probe or knife blade moves freely between the layers. Nor shall separation of bond
occur between layers during testing performed under the requirements of this specification.
6.5 Other Requirements:
TABLE 4 Impact Resistance of ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain,
Waste, and Vent Pipe
Minimum Impact Resistance, ft·lbf (J)
Nominal Pipe Size, in.
At 73°F73 °F (23°C)(23 °C)
1 ⁄4 20 (27)
1 ⁄2 30 (41)
2 40 (54)
3 60 (81)
4 60 (81)
6 100 (136)
D2661 − 21
6.5.1 Inspection—Before installation the pipe shall be inspected. Pipe which does not meet the requirements of this specification
shall be returned to the seller.
6.5.2 Joining—ABS schedule 40 drain, waste, and vent (DWV) are joined using molded fittings meeting the requirements of
Annex A1 of this specification.
6.5.3 Solvent Cement—In Primer shall not be used in the assembly of solvent cement joints, the safety requirements of Practice
F402 shall be followed using ABS solvent cement meeting the requirements of Specification D2235.
7. Sampling and Conditioning
7.1 Sampling—For the purpose of testing, the lot shall consist of all pipe produced of one size, from one extrusion line, during
one designated 24-h period. The number of specimens designated for each test shall be taken from pipe selected at random from
each lot in accordance with the random sampling plan of Practice D1898.
NOTE 6—Refer to Practices E105 and E122.
7.2 Number of Tests for Quality Control—When evaluating the product against this specification, the following minimum number
of specimens shall be tested for each lot.
7.2.1 Outside Diameter—One specimen per extrusion line.
7.2.2 Wall Thickness—One specimen per extrusion line.
7.2.3 Length—One specimen per extrusion line.
7.2.4 Pipe Stiffness—A minimum of three specimens per extrusion line. (See Note 3.)
7.2.5 Pipe Flattening—A minimum of three specimens per extrusion line.
7.2.6 Impact Strength—A minimum of ten specimens and a maximum of 40.
7.2.7 Bond—One specimen for each extrusion line.
7.3 Conditioning:
7.3.1 For referee purposes, condition the specimens prior to test at 73.473.4 °F 6 3.6°F (233.6 °F (23 °C 6 2°C)2 °C) and 5050 %
6 5 % relative humidity in accordance with Practice D618, Procedure A.
7.3.2 For routine quality control testing, condition the specimens at the temperature and humidity of the manufacturers testing
facility for not less than 1 h or until the specimens are at room temperature.
7.4 Test Conditions:
7.4.1 For referee purposes, conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 73.473.4 °F 6 3.6°F (233.6 °F (23 °C 6
2°C)2 °C) and 5050 % 6 5 % relative humidity.
7.4.2 For routine quality control testing, conduct tests at the room temperature and humidity of the manufacturers testing area.
7.5 Test Methods—Use only the specified ASTM test methods.
8. Retest and Rejection
8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements of this specification, the test(s) shall be conducted again only by
agreement between the purchaser and the seller. Under such agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered, changed, or
D2661 − 21
modified, nor shall specification limits be changed. If, upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product represented by the test(s)
does not meet the requirements of this specification.
9. Product Marking
9.1 Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to the pipe in such a manner that they remain legible (easily read) after
installation and inspection.
9.2 Content of Marking—The pipe shall be marked on two sides 180° apart at least every 2 ft (0.6 m) in letters not less than ⁄16
in. (5 mm) high, in a contrasting color with the following information:
9.2.1 The manufacturer’s name (or trademark).
9.2.2 This designation, ASTM D2661, including the year of issue.
9.2.3 Nominal pipe size (for example, 2 in. (51 mm)).
9.2.4 The manufacturer’s code for resin manufacturer, lot number, and date of manufacture.
9.2.5 Single Extrusion Pipe—The pipe produced by single extrusion process shall be marked “ABS DWV”.
9.2.6 Coextruded Pipe—The pipe produced by the coextrusion process shall be marked “COEXTRUDED ABS DWV”.
10. Quality Assurance
10.1 When the product is marked with this designation, D2661, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manufactured,
inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet the requirements of this
specification.
11. Keywords
11.1 ABS; DWV; fittings; pipe; plastic; Schedule 40; thermoplastic
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
GOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT
These requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.
S1. Responsibility for Inspection—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer is responsible f
...