ASTM C1044-24
(Practice)Standard Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
Standard Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a procedure for operating the apparatus so that the heat flow, Q′, through the meter section of the auxiliary insulation is small; determining Q′; and, calculating the heat flow, Q, through the meter section of the specimen.
4.2 This practice requires that the apparatus have independent temperature controls in order to operate the cold plate and auxiliary cold plate at different temperatures. In the single-sides mode, the apparatus is operated with the temperature of the auxiliary cold plate maintained at the same temperature of the hot plate face adjacent to the auxiliary insulation.
Note 4: In principle, if the temperature difference across the auxiliary insulation is zero and there are no edge heat losses or gains, all of the power input to the meter plate will flow through the specimen. In practice, a small correction is made for heat flow, Q′, through the auxiliary insulation.
4.3 The thermal conductance, C’, of the auxiliary insulation shall be determined from one or more separate tests using either Test Method C177, C1114, or as indicated in 5.4. Values of C’ shall be checked periodically, particularly when the temperature drop across the auxiliary insulation less than 1 % of the temperature drop across the test specimen.
4.4 This practice is used when it is necessary to determine the thermal properties of a single specimen. For example, the thermal properties of a single specimen are used to calibrate a heat-flow-meter apparatus for Test Method C518.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when a guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used in the single-sided mode of operation.
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for testing a single specimen. This practice is limited to only the single-sided mode of operation, and, in all other particulars, the requirements of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply.
Note 1: Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining steady-state heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and single-sided mode of operation, and at present, do not distinguish between the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal transmission properties shall be calculated in accordance with Practice C1045.
1.3 This practice requires that the cold plates of the apparatus have independent temperature controls. For the single-sided mode of operation, a (single) specimen is placed between the hot plate and the cold plate. Auxiliary thermal insulation, if needed, is placed between the hot plate and the auxiliary cold plate. The auxiliary cold plate and the hot plate are maintained at the same temperature. The heat flow from the meter plate is assumed to flow only through the specimen, so that the thermal transmission properties correspond only to the specimen.
Note 2: The double-sided mode of operation requires similar specimens placed on either side of the hot plate. The cold plates that contact the outer surfaces of these specimens are maintained at the same temperature. The electric power supplied to the meter plate is assumed to result in equal heat flow through the meter section of each specimen, so that the thermal transmission properties correspond to an average for the two specimens.
1.4 This practice does not preclude the use of a guarded-hot-plate apparatus in which the auxiliary cold plate is either larger or smaller in lateral dimensions than either the test specimen or the cold plate.
Note 3: Most guarded-hot-plate apparatus are designed for the double-sided mode of operation (1).2 Consequently, the cold plate and the auxiliary cold plate are the same size and the spec...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1044 − 24
Standard Practice for
Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater
1
Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 3—Most guarded-hot-plate apparatus are designed for the double-
1. Scope
2
sided mode of operation (1). Consequently, the cold plate and the
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-
auxiliary cold plate are the same size and the specimen and the auxiliary
state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when insulation will have the same lateral dimensions, although the thicknesses
need not be the same. Some guarded-hot-plate apparatus, however, are
a guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used
designed specifically for testing only a single specimen that is either larger
in the single-sided mode of operation.
or smaller in lateral dimensions than the auxiliary insulation or the
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use auxiliary cold plate.
in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for
1.5 This practice is suitable for use for both low- and
testing a single specimen. This practice is limited to only the
high-temperature conditions.
single-sided mode of operation, and, in all other particulars, the
1.6 This practice shall not be used when operating an
requirements of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply.
apparatus in a double-sided mode of operation with a known
NOTE 1—Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the
and unknown specimen, that is, with the two cold plates at
guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining
similar temperatures so that the temperature differences across
steady-state heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab
the known and unknown specimens are similar.
specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and
single-sided mode of operation, and at present, do not distinguish between
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
transmission properties shall be calculated in accordance with Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C1045.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.3 This practice requires that the cold plates of the appa-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ratus have independent temperature controls. For the single-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
sided mode of operation, a (single) specimen is placed between
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the hot plate and the cold plate. Auxiliary thermal insulation, if
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
needed, is placed between the hot plate and the auxiliary cold
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
plate. The auxiliary cold plate and the hot plate are maintained
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
at the same temperature. The heat flow from the meter plate is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
assumed to flow only through the specimen, so that the thermal
transmission properties correspond only to the specimen.
2. Referenced Documents
3
NOTE 2—The double-sided mode of operation requires similar speci- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
mens placed on either side of the hot plate. The cold plates that contact the
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
outer surfaces of these specimens are maintained at the same temperature.
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
The electric power supplied to the meter plate is assumed to result in equal
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
heat flow through the meter section of each specimen, so that the thermal
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
transmission properties correspond to an average for the two specimens.
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
1.4 This practice does not preclude the use of a guarded-
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
hot-plate apparatus in which the auxiliary cold plate is either
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
larger or smaller in lateral dimensions than either the test
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
specime
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1044 − 16 (Reapproved 2020) C1044 − 24
Standard Practice for
Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater
1
Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when a
guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used in the single-sided mode of operation.
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for testing a
single specimen. This practice is limited to only the single-sided mode of operation, and, in all other particulars, the requirements
of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply.
NOTE 1—Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining steady-state
heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and single-sided mode of
operation, and at present, do not distinguish between the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal transmission properties
shall be calculated in accordance with Practice C1045.
1.3 This practice requires that the cold plates of the apparatus have independent temperature controls. For the single-sided mode
of operation, a (single) specimen is placed between the hot plate and the cold plate. Auxiliary thermal insulation, if needed, is
placed between the hot plate and the auxiliary cold plate. The auxiliary cold plate and the hot plate are maintained at the same
temperature. The heat flow from the meter plate is assumed to flow only through the specimen, so that the thermal transmission
properties correspond only to the specimen.
NOTE 2—The double-sided mode of operation requires similar specimens placed on either side of the hot plate. The cold plates that contact the outer
surfaces of these specimens are maintained at the same temperature. The electric power supplied to the meter plate is assumed to result in equal heat flow
through the meter section of each specimen, so that the thermal transmission properties correspond to an average for the two specimens.
1.4 This practice does not preclude the use of a guarded-hot-plate apparatus in which the auxiliary cold plate is either larger or
smaller in lateral dimensions than either the test specimen or the cold plate.
2
NOTE 3—Most guarded-hot-plate apparatus are designed for the double-sided mode of operation ((1).). Consequently, the cold plate and the auxiliary
cold plate are the same size and the specimen and the auxiliary insulation will have the same lateral dimensions, although the thicknesses need not be
the same. Some guarded-hot-plate apparatus, however, are designed specifically for testing only a single specimen that is either larger or smaller in lateral
dimensions than the auxiliary insulation or the auxiliary cold plate.
1.5 This practice is suitable for use for both low- and high-temperature conditions.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal Measurement.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020March 1, 2024. Published October 2020March 2024. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20162020 as
C1044 – 16.C1044 – 16 (2020). DOI: 10.1520/C1044-16R20.10.1520/C1044-24.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1044 − 24
1.6 This practice shall not be used when operating an apparatus in a double-sided mode of operation with a known and unknown
specimen, that is, with the two cold plates at similar temperatures so that the temperature differences across the known and
unknown specimens are similar.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental
...
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