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ASTM D4213-24

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss

Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Interior paint films often become soiled, especially near doorways, windows, and play areas, and frequently need to be cleaned by scrubbing. This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of paints to erosion when scrubbed.  
4.2 The precision of scrub resistance measurements in absolute physical values, such as Test Methods D2486 (cycles-to-failure or this test method, microlitres per 100 cycles), is poor due to the relatively large effect of subtle and difficult-to-control variables in test conditions. The test method described herein minimizes this problem by using a standard calibration panel as an integral part of each scrubbing operation and relating its weight loss to that of the paint film under test to establish the latter's scrub resistance.
Note 1: The numerical scrub resistance values obtained by this test method are of significance only in relation to the specific calibration panel types with which the value is obtained. Thus, for example, a scrub resistance value of 83 with a Type X calibration panel would be reported as 83X.  
4.3 Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily represent the scrub resistance that might be determined if the test film is allowed to dry before testing appreciably longer than the seven-day period specified herein.  
4.4 Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily relate to ease of soil or stain removal (also referred to as “cleanability” or “cleansability”). To test for those characteristics use Test Methods D3450 and D4828.
FIG. 1 Alignment of Panels for Scrubbing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for determining the resistance of paints to erosion caused by scrubbing. (Note: The term wet abrasion is sometimes used for scrubbing, and wet abrasion resistance or scrubbability for scrub resistance.) Although scrub resistance tests are intended primarily for interior coatings, they are sometimes used with exterior coatings as an additional measure of film performance.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2024
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4213-08(2016) - Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM D2486-17 - Standard Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2024

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4213 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Architectural Coatings
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for
3
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
determining the resistance of paints to erosion caused by
D4828 Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic
scrubbing. (Note: The term wet abrasion is sometimes used for
Coatings
scrubbing, and wet abrasion resistance or scrubbability for
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
scrub resistance.) Although scrub resistance tests are intended
Glass Electrode
primarily for interior coatings, they are sometimes used with
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
exterior coatings as an additional measure of film performance.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3. Summary of Test Method
only.
3.1 The material under test is applied to a black plastic scrub
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test panel, and after drying one week, a section of the test panel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is placed in a straight-line abrasion tester, adjacent to a similar
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
section of a standard calibration panel. The two sections are
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
scrubbed simultaneously to produce essentially identical abra-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sion experiences, and the amount of erosion loss in each
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
section determined from the panel weights before and after
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
scrubbing.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 The scrub resistance on a dry-film basis is calculated as
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the percent ratio of the weight loss of the calibration panel to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
that of the test panel. From that value, scrub resistance is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
calculated on the basis of both dry- and wet-film volume.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Interior paint films often become soiled, especially near
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
doorways, windows, and play areas, and frequently need to be
Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-
cleaned by scrubbing. This test method covers the determina-
eter
tion of the relative resistance of paints to erosion when
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
scrubbed.
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products
4.2 The precision of scrub resistance measurements in
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
absolute physical values, such as Test Methods D2486 (cycles-
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
to-failure or this test method, microlitres per 100 cycles), is
poor due to the relatively large effect of subtle and difficult-
to-control variables in test conditions. The test method de-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
scribed herein minimizes this problem by using a standard
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
calibration panel as an integral part of each scrubbing operation
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
and relating its weight loss to that of the paint film under test
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
to establish the latter’s scrub resistance.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4213 – 08 (2016).
DOI: 10.1520/D4213-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4213 − 08 (Reapproved 2016) D4213 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for determining the resistance of paints to erosion caused by scrubbing.
(Note: The term wet abrasion is sometimes used for scrubbing, and wet abrasion resistance or scrubbability for scrub resistance.)
Although scrub resistance tests are intended primarily for interior coatings, they are sometimes used with exterior coatings as an
additional measure of film performance.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior Architectural Coatings
3
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
D4828 Test Methods for Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The material under test is applied to a black plastic scrub test panel, and after drying one week, a section of the test panel is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2024. Published December 2016February 2024. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20122016
as D4213 – 08 (2012).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D4213-08R16.10.1520/D4213-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4213 − 24
placed in a straight-line abrasion tester, adjacent to a similar section of a standard calibration panel. The two sections are scrubbed
simultaneously to produce essentially identical abrasion experiences, and the amount of erosion loss in each section determined
from the panel weights before and after scrubbing.
3.2 The scrub resistance on a dry-film basis is calculated as the percent ratio of the weight loss of the calibration panel to that of
the test panel. From that value, scrub resistance is calculated on the basis of both dry- and wet-film volume.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Interior paint films often become soiled, especially near doorways, windows, and play areas, and frequently need to be cleaned
by scrubbing. This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of paints to erosion when scrubbed.
4.2 The precision of scrub resistan
...

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SCOPE
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4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from an enclosed carbon arc is significantly different from that produced in light and water exposure devices using other carbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankings produced by exposures to enclosed carbon arcs can be much different from those produced by exposures to other types of laboratory light sources.  
4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all laboratories use the same type of carbon arc, filters, and exposure conditions.  
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.4,5 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in enclosed carbon arc devices operated according to Practices G151 and G153. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 This practice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D822. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D3361/D3361M, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open flame or enclosed carbon arcs.
Note 1: Practice D3361/D3361M requires use of open-flame carbon-arc apparatus with automatic humidity control.  
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4214-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures provide a broad range of techniques and photographic references to evaluate chalking of exterior paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the degree of chalking on white or tinted exterior paint films. These test methods describe the procedures recommended for transferring the chalk to a fabric or fingertip, which is then compared to photographic reference standards, or in the case of adhesive tapes, compared to a reflectance table or photographic reference standards, to determine the degree of chalking.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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