ASTM D4958-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1: The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushability corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when both latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4958 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent- 3.1.1 brush-drag, n—resistance encountered when applying
borne paints. a coating by brush.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also appli-
4. Summary of Test Method
cable to solvent-borne paints.
4.1 A 50 mm (2 in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2
paint on a test area, approximately 1000 cm2 (1.076 ft ). The
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
application is made at a spreading rate of approximately 9.82
only.
2 2
m /L (400 ft /gal) and is completed in 30 s to 35 s. The degree
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of brush drag is rated subjectively using a series of standard
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
descriptive terms corresponding to numerical values of 1 to 10.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The rank order of a set of samples is thereby established.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for
2. Referenced Documents
easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser
degree of brush drag).
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to
Materials
maximize the reliability and precision with which this charac-
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
teristic may be determined.
Pigmented Coatings
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/
viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results
Plate Viscometer
obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-
brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brush-
ation ability corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than
0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement
between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when both latex
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
3
properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4958 – 10 (2016).
DOI: 10.1520/D4958-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Standards volume information, refer
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4958 − 10 (Reapproved 2016) D4958 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer
D5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evaluation
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: See Paint/Coatings Dictionary for definition of terms used in this
test method.
3.1.1 brush-drag—brush-drag, n—resistance encountered when applying a coating by brush.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 50-mm (2-in.)50 mm (2 in.) polyester brush is used to apply the test paint on a 1000-cmtest area, approximately 1000 cm2
2 2 2 2
(1.076 ft (1.076-ft). ) test area. The application is made at a spreading rate of 9.82approximately 9.82 m /L (400 ft /gal) and is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2024. Published April 2016February 2024. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
D4958 – 10.D4958 – 10 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D4958-10R16.10.1520/D4958-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4958 − 24
completed in 3030 s to 35 s. The degree of brush drag is rated subjectively using a series of standard descriptive terms
corresponding to numerical values of 1 to 10. The rank order of a set of samples is thereby established.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When
all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in
durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that
is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary
informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be
determined.
NOTE 1—The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained
by this method and Test Meth
...
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