ASTM D6907-05(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers
Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Bucket augers are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock.
5.2 Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers, bucket augers generally collect larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger barrel. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics. The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the borehole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used).
5.3 Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds because the sample is disturbed during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (hereafter referred to as a bucket auger; sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples, but bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample.
1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large (12-in. or greater diameter) bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D1452, section 3.2.4.
1.3 The term bucket auger is used to differentiate this type of hand operated auger from others of the solid or hollow stem types that are also hand held or operated.
1.4 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D5792), general sample planning (see Guide D4687), sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample [see Guide D6044]), sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D6051), and sample preservation. For information on other types of augers, see Practice D1452 and Guide D4700.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6907 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-
Operated Bucket Augers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated
Borings
media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
bucket auger (hereafter referred to as a bucket auger; some-
Organic Compounds
times referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples, but bucket
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth
Used at Waste Sites
and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
undisturbed sample.
lated to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance
and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large (12-in. or
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations
greaterdiameter)bucketaugersmechanicallyoperatedbylarge
of Soil and Rock
drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Practice D1452, section 3.2.4.
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
1.3 The term bucket auger is used to differentiate this type
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
of hand operated auger from others of the solid or hollow stem
Data Quality Objectives
types that are also hand held or operated.
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management
of Waste and Contaminated Media
1.4 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
Practice D5792), general sample planning (see Guide D4687),
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
what depth to sample [see Guide D6044]), sampling for
WasteandContaminatedMediaDataCollectionActivities
volatile organic compounds (see Guide D4547), equipment
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ-
cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088), sample
mental Site Characterizations
handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environ-
(see Guide D6051), and sample preservation. For information
mental Site Characterization
onothertypesofaugers,seePracticeD1452andGuideD4700.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions—Except where noted, all terms and symbols
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- in this practice are in accordance with the following publica-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- tions. In order of consideration they are:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.1 Terminology D5681 for Waste and Waste
Management,
3.1.2 Compilation of ASTM Standard Terminology, and
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on
Sampling Equipment. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6907 – 05 (2010). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6907-05R16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6907 − 05 (2016)
3.1.3 Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Typically, bucket augers are tubular devices with cutting
bits on the bottom that are pushed and twisted into the media
and removed when the tubular “bucket” section is full. The
borehole is advanced one bucket at a time. The practical depth
of investigation using a bucket auger is related to the material
being sampled.
4.2 When a sampling interval starting at the surface is to be
sampled, the same auger can be used to collect all materials to
the bottom of the interval. However, if discrete grab samples
are to be collected to characterize multiple depths or a depth
interval commences below the surface, a clean bucket auger
should be used to collect the sample. The top material in a
bucket should generally be discarded to minimize chances of
cross-contamination of the sample from material that sloughs FIG. 1 Bucket Auger
from the borehole wall.
4.3 All augers collect disturbed samples that are generally
6.1.2 The advantages and disadvantages of bucket augers
not suitable for analysis of volatile organic compounds.
are listed in Table 1.
NOTE 1—Bucket augers may be used to obtain samples of materials
containing volatile organic compounds for field screening purposes. A 6.1.3 Bucket augers are generally available with tungsten
core or tube type sampler can be pushed into undisturbed soil at the
carbide hard surface carbon steel bits, stainless steel cylinder
bottom of an augered hole to collect a relatively undisturbed sample
and carbon steel bail (shank), or in all stainless steel (see Fig.
suitable for chemical analysis.
1). Several types of bucket augers are described below. In use,
bits should be kept sharp for efficient sampling.
5. Significance and Use
6.1.4 Regular Bucket Auger—Used for ordinary soil and
5.1 Bucket augers are relatively inexpensive, readily
waste sampling and for creating a pilot hole from which
available, available in different types depending on the media
subsequent undisturbed core samples can be collected at depth
to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person.
using a core sampler. (See Fig. 2a).
They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of
6.1.5 Sand Bucket Auger—Designed for use in extremely
surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not
dry, sandy soils. The bits are specially formed to retain loose
suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable
sand by being close together (see Fig. 2b).
for sampling rock.
6.1.6 Mud Bucket Auger—Features an open cylinder design
5.2 Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because
to facilitate easier removal of heavy, wet soil or clayey soil
they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to pow-
samples. Bits are spaced further apart than the regular auger to
ered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When
ease entry of sticky soils (see Fig. 2c).
evaluated against screw augers, bucket augers generally collect
larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from
shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger
TABLE 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Bucket Augers
barrel. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of3mbut
Advantages Disadvantages
have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil
1. Inexpensive to purchase and 1. Samples from lower depths can
operate. be contaminated by cave-in or
or waste characteristics. The sampling depth is limited by the
2. Readily available. sloughing of bore walls.
force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the
3. Operable by one or two people. 2. Samples are disturbed so it is
borehole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used).
4. Available in a variety of types difficult to generate an accurate soil
suitable for a wide variety of soil profile.
5.3 Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of
types. 3. Samples are generally not
samples for determination of volatile organic compounds 5. Larger volumes of soil obtained suitable for quantitative
compared to hand-held tube determination of vol
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6907 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D6907 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-
Operated Bucket Augers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media
samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (hereafter referred to as a bucket auger; sometimes referred to
as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect
disturbed samples, but bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler,
collect a relatively undisturbed sample.
1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large (12-in. or greater diameter) bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill
rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D1452, section 3.2.4.
1.3 The term bucket auger is used to differentiate this type of hand operated auger from others of the solid or hollow stem types
that are also hand held or operated.
1.4 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D5792), general sample planning (see Guide D4687),
sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample [see Guide D6044]), sampling for volatile
organic compounds (see Guide D4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088), sample handling after
collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D6051), and sample preservation. For information on other types of
augers, see Practice D1452 and Guide D4700.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality
Control Planning and Implementation
D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
D6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on Sampling
Equipment.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Oct. 15, 2016. Published January 2010October 2016. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ε1
D6907D6907 – 05 (2010).–05 . DOI: 10.1520/D6907-05E01.10.1520/D6907-05R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6907 − 05 (2016)
D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Except where noted, all terms and symbols in this practice are in accordance with the following publications.
In order of consideration they are:
3.1.1 Terminology D5681 for Waste and Waste Management,
3.1.2 Compilation of ASTM Standard Terminology, and
3.1.3 Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Typically, bucket augers are tubular devices with cutting bits on the bottom that are pushed and twisted into the media and
removed when the tubular “bucket” section is full. The borehole is advanced one bucket at a time. The practical depth of
investigation using a bucket auger is related to the material being sampled.
4.2 When a sampling interval starting at the surface is to be sampled, the same auger can be used to collect all materials to the
bottom of the interval. However, if discrete grab samples are to be collected to characterize multiple depths or a depth interval
commences below the surface, a clean bucket auger should be used to collect the sample. The top material in a bucket should
generally be discarded to minimize chances of cross-contamination of the sample from material that sloughs from the borehole
wall.
4.3 All augers collect disturbed samples that are generally not suitable for analysis of volatile organic compounds.
NOTE 1—Bucket augers may be used to obtain samples of materials containing volatile organic compounds for field screening purposes. A core or tube
type sampler can be pushed into undisturbed soil at the bottom of an augered hole to collect a relatively undisturbed sample suitable for chemical analysis.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Bucket augers are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be
sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or
subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock.
5.2 Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered
equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers, bucket augers generally collect larger samples
with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger barrel. Bucket augers
are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics.
The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the borehole collapses (unless bore
casings or liners are used).
5.3 Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds because
the sample is disturbed during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Bucket Augers:
6.1.1 Bucket augers for soil sampling generally consist of a tubular auger head with cutting bits, an extension rod or rods, and
a “T” handle (see Fig. 1). The auger is rotated using the “T” handle until the bucket is full, the device retrieved and emptied, and
FIG. 1 Bucket Auger
D6907 − 05 (2016)
the process repeated.
6.1.2 The advantages and disadvantages of bucket augers are listed in Table 1.
6.1.3 Bucket augers are generally available with tungsten carbide hard surface carbon steel bits, stainless steel cylinder and
carbon steel bail (shank), or in all stainless steel (see Fig. 1). Several types of bucket augers are described below. In use, bits should
be kept sharp for efficient sampling.
6.1.4 Regular Bucket Auger—Used for ordinary soil and waste sampling and for creating a pilot hole from which subsequent
undisturbed core samples can be collected at depth using a core sampler. (See Fig. 2a).
6.1.5 Sand Bucket Auger—Designed for use in extremely dry, sandy soils. The bits are specially formed to retain loose sand by
being close together (see Fig. 2b).
6.1.6 Mud Bucket Auger—Features an open cylinder design to facilitate easier removal of heavy, wet soil or clayey soil samples.
Bits are spa
...
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