ASTM D2180-17

Standard Test Method for Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of inorganic active oxygen in bleaching compounds such as perborates, percarbonates, and peroxides by titration of an acidified aqueous solution with a standard solution of potassium permanganate. Tests shall use reagent grade chemicals, reagent water, potassium permanganate standard solution, sodium oxalate, and sulfuric acid. Well mixed sample shall be titrated according to the procedure indicated in this standard method. Active oxygen weight percent shall be calculated using the given formula.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic“ active oxygen” in bleaching compounds such as perborates, percarbonates, and peroxides but not in persulfates or monopersulfates.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Safety Data Sheets (formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets) are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2016
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D459-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2180 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
likelihood of reaction with permanganate, provided the titration is
1. Scope
performed in such a manner as to avoid any considerable excess of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic“
permanganate.
active oxygen” in bleaching compounds such as perborates,
5. Interferences
percarbonates, and peroxides but not in persulfates or monop-
ersulfates.
5.1 The possibility of interference from organic
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the constituents, which may react with permanganate, must be
considered with each compound encountered. A sluggish
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- reaction or vague end point, will suggest interference. Inor-
ganic builders or detergents, such as silicates, phosphates, or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Safety Data Sheets carbonates, do not interfere. Organic detergents or wetting
agents may interfere. EDTA-type sequestrants do interfere (see
(formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets) are available
for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to Terminology D459).
usage.
6. Reagents
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
3
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
3. Terminology
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 active oxygen—the measure of the oxidizing power of accuracy of the determination.
compounds such as inorganic perborates, percarbonates, or
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
peroxides which, in effect, release hydrogen peroxide in acid
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
solutions. It is expressed in terms of oxygen (O) with gram-
to Specification D1193.
equivalent weight of 8.00.
6.3 Potassium Permanganate, Standard Solution (0.1 N)—
Dissolve 3.2 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO)in100
4. Summary of Test Method
4
mL of water and dilute the solution with water to 1 L. Allow
4.1 Active oxygen is determined by titration of an acidified
the solution to stand in the dark for two weeks and then filter
aqueous solution of the compound with a standard solution of
throughafine-porositysintered-glasscrucible.Donotwashthe
potassium permanganate.
filter.Storethesolutioninglass-stoppered,amber-coloredglass
NOTE 1—Use of a molybdate-catalyzed iodometric method for this
bottles.
purpose has been suggested, but the possible reaction of the liberated
NOTE 2—Do not permit the filtered solution to come into contact with
iodine on organics present must be considered. It is believed there is less
paper, rubber, or other organic material.
6.3.1 Weigh accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg about 0.3 g
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps
standardsodiumoxalate(Na C O ,previouslydriedat105°C).
and Other Detergentsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 on
2 2 4
Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally
3
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2180 – 89 (2008). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
DOI: 10.1520/D2180-17. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2180 − 89 (Reapproved 2008) D2180 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic“ active oxygen” in bleaching compounds such as perborates,
percarbonates, and peroxides but not in persulfates or monopersulfates.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Safety Data Sheets (formerly known as Material Safety Data SheetsSheets) are available for reagents and
materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 active oxygen—the measure of the oxidizing power of compounds such as inorganic perborates, percarbonates, or
peroxides which, in effect, release hydrogen peroxide in acid solutions. It is expressed in terms of oxygen (O) with gram-equivalent
weight of 8.00.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Active oxygen is determined by titration of an acidified aqueous solution of the compound with a standard solution of
potassium permanganate.
NOTE 1—Use of a molybdate-catalyzed iodometric method for this purpose has been suggested, but the possible reaction of the liberated iodine on
organics present must be considered. It is believed there is less likelihood of reaction with permanganate, provided the titration is performed in such a
manner as to avoid any considerable excess of permanganate.
5. Interferences
5.1 The possibility of interference from organic constituents, which may react with permanganate, must be considered with each
compound encountered. A sluggish reaction or vague end point, will suggest interference. Inorganic builders or detergents, such
as silicates, phosphates, or carbonates, do not interfere. Organic detergents or wetting agents may interfere. EDTA-type
sequestrants do interfere (see Terminology D459).
6. Reagents
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergentsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 on Analysis
and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Jan. 1, 2017. Published July 2008February 2017. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D2180 – 89 (2003).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D2180-89R08.10.1520/D2180-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2180 − 17
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such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Specification D1193.
6.3 Potassium Permanganate, Standard Solution (0.1 N)—Dissolve 3.2 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO ) in 100 mL of
4
water and dilute the solution with water to 1 L. Allow the solution to stand in the dark for two weeks and then filter through a
fine-porosity sintered-glass crucible. Do not wash the filter. Store the solution in glass-stoppered, amber-colored glass bottles.
NOTE 2—Do not permit the filtered solution to come into contact with paper, rubber, or other organic material.
6.3.1 Weigh accurately to the
...