D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method assures that the particle size of soaps and detergents conforms to specifications having to do with density and packaging, among others. It also offers a means of controlling the amount of potentially hazardous very low particle size material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machine sieving methods.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)  
5 and 6  
Free Alkali or Free Acid  
7 and 8  
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap  
9 – 12  
Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
13 and 14  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
15 and 15  
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)  
16 and 17  
Sodium Silicate  
18 – 20  
Phosphates  
21 – 28  
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)  
29 – 34  
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter  
35 – 39  
Free Fatty Matter  
40  
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
41 – 43  
Rosin (McNicoll Method)  
44 – 47  
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)  
48  
Neutral, Inorganic Salts  
49  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. Water by distillation with volatile solvent and moisture and volatile matter by hot-plate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Titration test, extraction-titration test, and ash-gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified. Total desulfated fatty matter, total active ingredients, unsaponifiable non-volatile matter, inorganic salts, total alkalinity, and total ammonia shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. In the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method, brine test method, and in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. Water-immiscible organic solvents volatile with steam shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Section  
Moisture:  
Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent  
4 – 9  
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method  
10 – 14  
Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:  
Test Method A. Titration Test  
15 – 19  
Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test  
20 – 24  
Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True
Sulfonates)  
25 – 28  
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter  
29 – 32  
Total Active Ingredients  
33 – 36  
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter  
37 – 41  
Inorganic Salts  
42 – 46  
Total Alkalinity  
47 – 49  
Total Ammonia  
50 – 52  
Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:  
Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
53 – 56  
Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)  
57 – 60  
Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
61 – 63  
Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam  
64 – 70  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Caustic Soda:  
Sampling  
5  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
6 – 8  
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  
9 – 11  
Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)  
12  
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by the Evolution Method  
13 – 16  
Soda Ash:  
Sampling  
17  
Matter Volatile at 150 °C to 155 °C  
18 and 19  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 )  
20 – 22  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)  
23 – 25  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration  
26 – 28  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
29 and 30  
Apparent Density  
31 and 32  
Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type):  
Sampling  
33  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
34 – 36  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)  
37 – 39  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
40  
Sodium Bicarbonate:  
Sampling  
41  
Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture  
42 – 45  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
46  
Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil- icate:  
Sampling  
47  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
48 – 50  
Total Silica as SiO2  
51 – 53  
Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O)  
54  
Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2·11H2O)  
55  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
56 and 57  
Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2 ·11H2O)  
58 and 59  
Sodium Orthosilicate (Na4SiO4)  
60  
Trisodium Phosphate:  
Sampling  
61  
Trisodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) Content and Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5)  
62 – 64  
Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na3PO4·12H2O, Na3PO4· H2O, Na3PO4, and as P2O5  
65 – 68  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
69 – 71  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
72 and 73  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate:  
Sampling  
74  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
(Na4P2O7)  
75 – 79  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
80 and 81  
Loss on Ignition  
82 and 83  
Borax:  
Sampling  
84  
Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity  
85 – 87  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
88 and 89  
Sodium Triphosphate:  
Sampling  
90  
Tritratable Na2O  
91 – 94  
Total P2O5:  
Preferred Method  
95 – 97  
Alternative Method  
98 – 101  
pH Titration  
102 – 107  
Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates:  
Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred Method)  
108 – 119  
Paper Chromatographic Method  
120 – 127  
pH of 1 percent Solution  
128  
Turbidity  
129  
Temperature Rise  
130 – 134  
Sulfate  
135 – 137  
Ignition Loss  
140 and 141  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
142 – 144  
Particle Size  
145  
Orthophosphate  
146 – 151  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of th...

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates. The different procedure for sampling and chemical analysis of past, powder, or liquid detergent are presented and discussed in details. Distillation test, titration test, and gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The calculations methods for chlorides as sodium chloride are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.  
1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Sampling:  
Powders and Flakes Packed in Cans or Cartons  
4  
Powders and Flakes in Bulk  
5  
Liquids  
6  
Pastes  
7  
Preparation of Sample  
8  
Moisture by the Distillation Test Method  
11 – 14  
pH  
15  
Alkalinity  
16 – 19  
Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
20 – 22  
Alcohol-Insoluble Matter  
23 and 24  
Unsulfated Material  
25 – 28  
Combined Alcohols  
29 – 32  
Ester SO3:  
Method A. Titration Test Method  
36 and 37    
Sections  
Ester SO3:  
Method B. Gravimetric Test Method  
38 and 39  
Sodium Sulfate  
40 – 43  
Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)  
44 – 47  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of citrate, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents.  
4.2 Accurate determination of sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for the determination of citrate in liquid and powder detergents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers atomic absorption tests applicable to powdered laundry detergents containing clay and zeolite. The test sample is fused with lithium metaborate, dissolved in acid, its silicon and aluminum content measured by atomic absorption, and the silicon/aluminum (Si/Al) ratio calculated. The clay and zeolite content of the test sample is calculated from the Si/Al ratio of the test sample and the Si/Al ratio of the clay and zeolite expected in the test sample. This test method is based on the linear relationship between the relative composition (or ratio) of clay/zeolite in detergent powders and the Si/Al ratio of such detergents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers atomic absorption tests applicable to powdered laundry detergents containing clay and zeolite.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are suitable for setting specifications on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufacturing process.  
3.2 The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufacturing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small unidentified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds.  
3.3 Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not excessive for a particular end use.  
3.4 The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining that the color of the linear detergent alkylate will not contribute to the color of the end use product.  
3.5 The refractive index and specific gravity tests are possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants.  
3.6 The water test is suitable for determining that linear detergent alkylates do not contain amounts of water deleterious to further processing.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those properties which characterize linear detergent alkylates with respect to its suitability for desired uses.  
Note 1: Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate characteristics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.  
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:    
Section  
Composition by Gas Chromatography  
7 – 15  
Chlorides  
16 – 27  
Color  
28 – 30  
Refractive Index  
31 – 33  
Specific Gravity  
34 – 36  
Water  
37 – 39  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. See also Note 1 and Section 21.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers sodium bicarbonate for use in various washing, cleaning, and scouring processes. As received sodium bicarbonate shall conform to the chemical requirements according to this specification. Sodium bicarbonate shall be a white, uniform powder, and caking shall be readily disintegrated. Sampling and chemical analysis shall be in accordance with the ASTM standard test methods of alkaline detergents.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material suitable for use in various washing, cleaning, and scouring processes, with or without soap as conditions demand, and where a mildly alkaline material is desired. (Warning—This material may be hazardous if not properly managed. Precautionary information for the safe use, storage, and disposal of this material should be preliminarily obtained from suppliers and others. In case of personal accident with this material, apply appropriate first aid; telephone nearest Poison Control Center for assistance, and get medical attention immediately.)

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of inorganic active oxygen in bleaching compounds such as perborates, percarbonates, and peroxides by titration of an acidified aqueous solution with a standard solution of potassium permanganate. Tests shall use reagent grade chemicals, reagent water, potassium permanganate standard solution, sodium oxalate, and sulfuric acid. Well mixed sample shall be titrated according to the procedure indicated in this standard method. Active oxygen weight percent shall be calculated using the given formula.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic“ active oxygen” in bleaching compounds such as perborates, percarbonates, and peroxides but not in persulfates or monopersulfates.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Safety Data Sheets (formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets) are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Alkylbenzene sulfonic acids are important intermediates in the synthetic detergent industry and are defined under “alkyl benzene sulfonate” in Terminology D459. This test method is suitable for the rapid monitoring of the sulfonic and sulfuric acid levels, both of which have a vital bearing on final product performance and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of sulfonic and sulfuric acids in branched and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acids used as intermediates in synthetic detergents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates are important surfactants in household and industrial cleaners. They may be used as either nonionic surfactants or sulfated and used as anionic surfactants. Careful control of the ethoxylate characteristics is desired as variations may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the various test methods used to evaluate those properties pertinent to the characterization of alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates with respect to suitability for desired uses.  
1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Sampling  
Liquids  
6  
Solids  
7  
Methods of Chemical Analysis  
Water or moisture  
8  
Refractive index  
9 and 10  
pH  
11  
Acidity or basicity  
12 and 13  
Hydroxyl number  
14 – 20  
Cloud point  
21  
Iodine number  
22  
Ash  
23  
Iron  
24  
Ethylene oxide content  
25  
Polyethylene glycols  
26 – 32  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. Specific hazard statements appear in Section 5 and Note 1 and Note 3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of NTA, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents.  
3.2 Accurate determination of a sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of nitrilotriacetates (NTA) in detergents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see 6.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the percent actives in each type of the disinfectant quaternary ammonium salts, and also in the disinfectant products. Quaternary ammonium compounds being the active ingredients in disinfectant-type products require accurate determination to assess the cost and antimicrobial performance of such products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for determining active matter in disinfectant quaternary ammonium salts. This test method is intended for the analysis of quaternary ammonium salts used as disinfectants, and only applies to the following commonly used quaternary ammonium salts: n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (see Fig. 1), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and a blend of n-octyldecyl dimethylammonium chloride, di-n-octyl dimethylammonium chloride, and di-n-decyldimethyl ammonium chloride (see Fig. 2). Also, this test method can be applied to the analysis of disinfectant type products where the formula ingredients are known and the quaternary ammonium salt is one of the above. Interferences such as amines oxides and betaines present in disinfectant formulations were not tested.  X−  =  chloride, and    R  =  aliphatic, normal C8 − C22.    
1.2 This disinfectant quaternary ammonium salt conforms to the structures in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Section 8.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of ethylene oxide content in polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants. It can also be used for compounds containing propylene oxide or any compounds (glycols and glycol and polyglycol ethers and esters) which form unstable 1,2-diiodides on reaction with hydroiodic acid. The apparatus is comprised of the following: heat source which shall be an electric heater provided with a sliding rheostat or other means of heat control; flasks which shall be equipped with a standard ground-glass joint; condensers with standard joints; gas bubbler filled with dibutyl phthalate; buret; and pipet. The dual apparatus is designed to permit a sample and a blank to be run simultaneously. Reagent grade chemicals or reagents of sufficiently high purity including water, carbon dioxide or nitrogen, lubricant, dibutyl phthalate, glass beads, hydroiodic acid, hydrochloric acid, methanol, potassium dichromate, potassium iodide solution, sodium thiosulfate, and starch indicator solution shall be used in all tests. The ethylene oxide content shall be calculated from the amount of sodium thiosulfate solution required to titrate the sample and the blank, normality of sodium thiosulfate, and weight of the sample. Standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility shall be estimated to determine the acceptability of the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene oxide in polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants. It can also be used for compounds containing propylene oxide or any compounds (glycols and glycol and polyglycol ethers and esters) which form unstable 1,2-diiodides on reaction with hydriodic acid.  
Note 1: Compounds in which the oxyalkylene group is connected to a nitrogen cannot be entirely decomposed. This can be used to determine the percent of an ethoxylated surfactant in a mixture, if the ethylene oxide content of the ethoxylated surfactant is known.
Note 2: This method reports results as percent ethylene oxide. If this method is applied to unknown compounds or compositions, the analyst should be aware of the possible presence of material other than ethylene oxide.
Note 3: For use on built syndet compositions the organic active ingredient must be isolated in accordance with Test Method D2358.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps and synthetic detergents. Throughout this test method EDTA represents the hydrated disodium salt containing 2 moles of H 2
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps and synthetic detergents. Throughout this test method EDTA represents the hydrated disodium salt containing 2 moles of H2O. In the chemical literature this is frequently abbreviated to Na2H2Y4 · 2H2O.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of use to anyone engaged in compositional analysis of detergent formulations. This would include formulators, and analysts employed by companies that manufacture the components usually included in such formulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis for the apparent sodium toluene sulfonate (NaTS) content of detergents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers commercial synthetic detergents and built detergent formulations that do not contain organic additives such as amides. This test method involves measurement of the ultraviolet absorbance of the sample at the maximum absorbance point for sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and at a selected background point in order to determine the amount of active ingredient present. The percentage of alcohol-soluble matter, absorptivity value and percentage of active ingredient shall be calculated in accordance to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers commercial synthetic detergents and built detergent formulations that do not contain organic additives such as amides. Optical dyes and materials normally found in formulated detergents do not interfere; however, materials other than sulfonates that possess strong ultraviolet absorptions must be absent. The indicated sample size and aliquoting scheme is based on samples containing 30 to 40% of active ingredient.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the enzymatic determination of citrate in both liquid and solid synthetic detergents. The test method is applicable to most detergents containing citrate at a minimum concentration of approximately 5 %. The apparatus to be used in the determination of citrate shall includes interval timer, micropipet, and spectrophotometer. An enzyme system that is based upon the selective cleavage of citrate by citrate lyase (citrate oxaloacetate-lyase; EC 4.1.3.6) shall be employed. One of the products, oxaloacetate, shall be reduced to malate by malic dehydrogenase (L-malate: NAD oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.37) with the simultaneous oxidation of reduced (beta)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to (beta)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form. The course of the reaction shall be measured spectrophotometrically. The decrease in absorbance at 340 nm caused by the formation of (beta)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form, is directly proportional to the concentration of citrate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the enzymatic determination of citrate in both liquid and solid synthetic detergents. The test method is applicable to most detergents containing citrate at a minimum concentration of approximately 5 % (1-8).2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method offers a means of determining anionic detergents commonly found in laundry, dishwashing, and other cleaning materials. Accurate determination of the anionic active substance is highly important in assessing the cost and effectiveness of such cleaning substances.  
4.2 This test method is not affected by low molecular weight sulfonates, such as those of toluene and xylene commonly found in detergent formulations, when these substances are present up to 15 weight % of active material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of synthetic anionic ingredient in a surfactant by direct titration with a standardized cationic reagent. The test method is a simple and convenient means for the quantitative estimation of the anionic material. The end point is detected by the transfer of a colored complex from an organic solvent phase to an aqueous phase. The colored complex is formed by the addition of a solution of dye to a solution of the anionic surfactant. This complex is soluble in the organic-solvent phase and insoluble in the aqueous phase. When this solution is titrated with a standardized solution of a cationic reagent, the dye is displaced from the colored complex and, being water-soluble, migrates to the aqueous phase. Therefore, a cationic titrating solution that has been standardized against a characterized anionic agent can be used to analyze for other anionics of known molecular mass.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and hydroxy-sulfates, alkylphenol- and fatty alcohol ethoxy-sulfates and dialkylsulfosuccinates. It applies to active materials containing one hydrophilic group per molecule.  
1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Reagents  
6    
Primary Standard  
8    
Purity  
8.2  
Alcohols  
8.3  
Free Acid or Alkali  
8.4  
Preparation of Mixed Indicator Solution  
9    
Preparation of Hyamine Solution  
10    
Standardization of Hyamine Solution  
11    
General Procedure for Anionic-Active Material  
12  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A precautionary statement appears in Section 7. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches including sodium hypochlorite (soda bleach) solutions, calcium hypochlorite, and chloroisocyanuric acids and their derived salts. Tests for sodium hypochlorite include the determination of available chlorine, sodium chlorate, total chorine, sodium chloride, total alkalinity as sodium oxide, and free alkali as sodium hydroxide. Tests for calcium hypochlorite include the determination of available chlorine, and water. And finally, tests for chloroisocyanuric acids and their derived salts include the determination of available chlorine by iodometric-thiosulfate and arsenite-iodometric methods, and moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches. The methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Sodium Hypochlorite (Soda Bleach) Solutions:  
Sampling  
5  
Available Chlorine  
6 – 9  
Sodium Chlorate  
10 – 14  
Total Chlorine  
15 – 18  
Sodium Chloride  
19 and 20  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
21 – 24  
Free Alkali as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  
25 – 28  
Calcium Hypochlorite:  
Sampling  
30  
Available Chlorine  
31 – 34  
Water  
35 – 40  
Chloroisocyanuric Acids and Their Derived Salts:  
Sampling  
42  
Available Chlorine (Iodometric—Thiosulfate Method)  
43 – 46  
Available Chlorine (Arsenite—Iodometric Method)  
47 – 50  
Moisture  
51 – 54  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Anionic surfactants are the most widely used of the synthetic detergents. ASTM methods in current use for their determination involve two-phase aqueous/chloroform titrations with the organic dyes methylene blue (Test Method D1681) or disulphine blue/dimidium bromide (Test Method D3049) as indicators. One advantage of the potentiometric method is that it eliminates the use of chloroform whose use is restricted for environmental and toxicological reasons.  
5.2 This test method is intended for use as described in 1.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a potentiometric titration procedure for determining the anionic active matter in detergents. It is intended for the analysis of anionic surfactants such as detergent range alkylbenzenesulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, and alcohol ethosulfates. It has not been tested for surfactant formulations.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  (A) Methylene blue method.(B) Mixed indicator method.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. The method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test. The method method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. This test method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test.  
1.2 This test method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level. Correction for the amount of the most common contaminant, sodium chloride, is shown by a separate determination.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
33.1 This method is suitable as a quality control test for the measurement of color in alpha olefin sulfonates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of alpha olefin sulfonates. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Sections  
Moisture by the Distillation Method  
4 – 8  
Sodium Sulfate  
9 – 14  
Neutral Oil  
15 – 19  
Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)  
20 – 24  
Alkalinity  
25 – 29  
pH  
30 and 31  
Determination of Color  
32 – 37  
Determination of Active Content by Methylene Blue Titration  
38 – 47  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statement see 36.1. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the assay of alkaline protease enzymes. This procedure is applicable to enzyme preparations with high activity but is inapplicable to formulated detergent products or air samples. The apparatus and reagents used in testing the assay for alkaline protease enzymes are presented.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the assay of alkaline protease enzymes. This procedure is applicable to enzyme preparations with high activity but is inapplicable to formulated detergent products or air samples.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)  
5 and 6  
Free Alkali or Free Acid  
7 and 8  
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap  
9 – 12  
Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
13 and 14  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
15 and 15  
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)  
16 and 17  
Sodium Silicate  
18 – 20  
Phosphates  
21 – 28  
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)  
29 – 34  
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter  
35 – 39  
Free Fatty Matter  
40  
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
41 – 43  
Rosin (McNicoll Method)  
44 – 47  
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)  
48  
Neutral, Inorganic Salts  
49  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates. The different procedure for sampling and chemical analysis of past, powder, or liquid detergent are presented and discussed in details. Distillation test, titration test, and gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The calculations methods for chlorides as sodium chloride are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.  
1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Sampling:  
Powders and Flakes Packed in Cans or Cartons  
4  
Powders and Flakes in Bulk  
5  
Liquids  
6  
Pastes  
7  
Preparation of Sample  
8  
Moisture by the Distillation Test Method  
11 – 14  
pH  
15  
Alkalinity  
16 – 19  
Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
20 – 22  
Alcohol-Insoluble Matter  
23 and 24  
Unsulfated Material  
25 – 28  
Combined Alcohols  
29 – 32  
Ester SO3:  
Method A. Titration Test Method  
36 and 37    
Sections  
Ester SO3:  
Method B. Gravimetric Test Method  
38 and 39  
Sodium Sulfate  
40 – 43  
Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)  
44 – 47  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. Water by distillation with volatile solvent and moisture and volatile matter by hot-plate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Titration test, extraction-titration test, and ash-gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified. Total desulfated fatty matter, total active ingredients, unsaponifiable non-volatile matter, inorganic salts, total alkalinity, and total ammonia shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. In the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method, brine test method, and in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. Water-immiscible organic solvents volatile with steam shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Section  
Moisture:  
Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent  
4 – 9  
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method  
10 – 14  
Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:  
Test Method A. Titration Test  
15 – 19  
Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test  
20 – 24  
Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True
Sulfonates)  
25 – 28  
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter  
29 – 32  
Total Active Ingredients  
33 – 36  
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter  
37 – 41  
Inorganic Salts  
42 – 46  
Total Alkalinity  
47 – 49  
Total Ammonia  
50 – 52  
Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:  
Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
53 – 56  
Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)  
57 – 60  
Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
61 – 63  
Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam  
64 – 70  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method assures that the particle size of soaps and detergents conforms to specifications having to do with density and packaging, among others. It also offers a means of controlling the amount of potentially hazardous very low particle size material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machine sieving methods.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Caustic Soda:  
Sampling  
5  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
6 – 8  
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  
9 – 11  
Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)  
12  
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by the Evolution Method  
13 – 16  
Soda Ash:  
Sampling  
17  
Matter Volatile at 150 to 155°C  
18 and 19  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 )  
20 – 22  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)  
23 – 25  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration  
26 – 28  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
29 and 30  
Apparent Density  
31 and 32  
Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type):  
Sampling  
33  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
34 – 36  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)  
37 – 39  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
40  
Sodium Bicarbonate:  
Sampling  
41  
Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture  
42 – 45  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
46  
Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil- icate:  
Sampling  
47  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
48 – 50  
Total Silica as SiO2  
51 – 53  
Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O)  
54  
Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2·11H2O)  
55  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
56 and 57  
Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2 ·11H2O)  
58 and 59  
Sodium Orthosilicate (Na4SiO4)  
60  
Trisodium Phosphate:  
Sampling  
61  
Trisodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) Content and Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5)  
62 – 64  
Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na3PO4·12H2O, Na3PO4· H2O, Na3PO4, and as P2O5  
65 – 68  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
69 – 71  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
72 and 73  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate:  
Sampling  
74  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
(Na4P2O7)  
75 – 79  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
80 and 81  
Loss on Ignition  
82 and 83  
Borax:  
Sampling  
84  
Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity  
85 – 87  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
88 and 89  
Sodium Triphosphate:  
Sampling  
90  
Tritratable Na2O  
91 – 94  
Total P2O5:  
Preferred Method  
95 – 97  
Alternative Method  
98 – 101  
pH Titration  
102 – 107  
Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates:  
Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred Method)  
108 – 119  
Paper Chromatographic Method  
120 – 127  
pH of 1 percent Solution  
128  
Turbidity  
129  
Temperature Rise  
130 – 134  
Sulfate  
135 – 137  
Ignition Loss  
140 and 141  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
142 – 144  
Particle Size  
145  
Orthophosphate  
146 – 151  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the us...

SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the qualitative classification of synthetic detergent products or mixtures of synthetic detergents. It is applicable to built detergent formulations as well as individual surfactant compositions.
Note 1—The organic active ingredient must be isolated from built syndet compositions in accordance with Test Method D2358.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers atomic absorption tests applicable to powdered laundry detergents containing clay and zeolite. The test sample is fused with lithium metaborate, dissolved in acid, its silicon and aluminum content measured by atomic absorption, and the silicon/aluminum (Si/Al) ratio calculated. The clay and zeolite content of the test sample is calculated from the Si/Al ratio of the test sample and the Si/Al ratio of the clay and zeolite expected in the test sample. This test method is based on the linear relationship between the relative composition (or ratio) of clay/zeolite in detergent powders and the Si/Al ratio of such detergents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers atomic absorption tests applicable to powdered laundry detergents containing clay and zeolite.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates. The different procedure for sampling and chemical analysis of past, powder, or liquid detergent are presented and discussed in details. Distillation test, titration test, and gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The calculations methods for chlorides as sodium chloride are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.
1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:
Sections Sampling:  Powders and Flakes Packed in Cans or Cartons 4  Powders and Flakes in Bulk 5  Liquids 6  Pastes 7  Preparation of Sample 8  Moisture by the Distillation Test Method11-14  pH15  Alkalinity16-19  Alcohol-Soluble Matter20-22  Alcohol-Insoluble Matter23 and 24  Unsulfated Material25-28  Combined Alcohols29-32 Ester SO3:  Method A. Titration Test Method36 and 37
Sections Ester SO3:  Method B. Gravimetric Test Method38 and 39  Sodium Sulfate40-43  Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)44-47
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the percent actives in each type of the disinfectant quaternary ammonium salts, and also in the disinfectant products. Quaternary ammonium compounds being the active ingredients in disinfectant-type products require accurate determination to assess the cost and antimicrobial performance of such products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for determining active matter in disinfectant quaternary ammonium salts. This test method is intended for the analysis of quaternary ammonium salts used as disinfectants, and only applies to the following commonly used quaternary ammonium salts: n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (see Fig. 1), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and a blend of n-octyldecyl dimethylammonium chloride, di-n-octyl dimethylammonium chloride, and di-n-decyldimethyl ammonium chloride (see Fig. 2). Also, this test method can be applied to the analysis of disinfectant type products where the formula ingredients are known and the quaternary ammonium salt is one of the above. Interferences such as amines oxides and betaines present in disinfectant formulations were not tested.
1.2 This disinfectant quaternary ammonium salt conforms to the structures in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Section 8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method assures that the particle size of soaps and detergents conforms to specifications having to do with density and packaging, among others. It also offers a means of controlling the amount of potentially hazardous very low particle size material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machine sieving methods.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers commercial synthetic detergents and built detergent formulations that do not contain organic additives such as amides. This test method involves measurement of the ultraviolet absorbance of the sample at the maximum absorbance point for sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate and at a selected background point in order to determine the amount of active ingredient present. The percentage of alcohol-soluble matter, absorptivity value and percentage of active ingredient shall be calculated in accordance to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers commercial synthetic detergents and built detergent formulations that do not contain organic additives such as amides. Optical dyes and materials normally found in formulated detergents do not interfere; however, materials other than sulfonates that possess strong ultraviolet absorptions must be absent. The indicated sample size and aliquoting scheme is based on samples containing 30 to 40% of active ingredient.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the enzymatic determination of citrate in both liquid and solid synthetic detergents. The test method is applicable to most detergents containing citrate at a minimum concentration of approximately 5 %. The apparatus to be used in the determination of citrate shall includes interval timer, micropipet, and spectrophotometer. An enzyme system that is based upon the selective cleavage of citrate by citrate lyase (citrate oxaloacetate-lyase; EC 4.1.3.6) shall be employed. One of the products, oxaloacetate, shall be reduced to malate by malic dehydrogenase (L-malate: NAD oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.37) with the simultaneous oxidation of reduced (beta)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to (beta)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form. The course of the reaction shall be measured spectrophotometrically. The decrease in absorbance at 340 nm caused by the formation of (beta)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form, is directly proportional to the concentration of citrate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the enzymatic determination of citrate in both liquid and solid synthetic detergents. The test method is applicable to most detergents containing citrate at a minimum concentration of approximately 5 % (1-8).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates are important surfactants in household and industrial cleaners. They may be used as either nonionic surfactants or sulfated and used as anionic surfactants. Careful control of the ethoxylate characteristics is desired as variations may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the various test methods used to evaluate those properties pertinent to the characterization of alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates with respect to suitability for desired uses.
1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. Specific hazard statements appear in Section 5 and Note 1 and Note 3.  
26.1 This method describes a procedure for the determination of polyethylene glycols in ethoxylated detergent range alcohols that have ratios of ethoxy groups to alkyl groups of three or more.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps and synthetic detergents. Throughout this test method EDTA represents the hydrated disodium salt containing 2 moles of H2O. In the chemical literature this is frequently abbreviated to Na2H2Y4·2H2O. Reagents to be used in the EDTA content determination include copper sulfate solution and PAN indicator solution. The procedure in EDTA determination is described as follows: A portion of the sample estimated to contain 1 % of EDTA disodium salt shall be weighed. The amount of the sample used depending upon the actual amount of EDTA present shall be varied. Then the sample shall be weighed into a 250-mL beaker, diluted to a certain volume with water, and adjusted the pH to approximately 5.0 by the addition of acetic acid. Four drops of the PAN indicator solution shall be added. The sample with CuSO4 solution shall be titrated until a transition in color from yellow to red occurs. Afterwards, the percentage of EDTA disodium salt in the sample shall be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps and synthetic detergents. Throughout this test method EDTA represents the hydrated disodium salt containing 2 moles of H2O. In the chemical literature this is frequently abbreviated to Na2H2Y4 · 2H2O.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Sections  Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method) 5 and 6 Free Alkali or Free Acid 7 and 8 Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap 9-12 Alcohol-Soluble Matter13 and 14 Matter Insoluble in Water15 Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)16 and 17 Sodium Silicate18-20 Phosphates21-28 Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)29-34 Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter35-39 Free Fatty Matter40 Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter41-43 Rosin (McNicoll Method)44-47 Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)48 Neutral, Inorganic Salts49
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Anionic surfactants are the most widely used of the synthetic detergents. ASTM methods in current use for their determination involve two-phase aqueous/chloroform titrations with the organic dyes methylene blue (Test Method D1681) or disulphine blue/dimidium bromide (Test Method D3049) as indicators. One advantage of the potentiometric method is that it eliminates the use of chloroform whose use is restricted for environmental and toxicological reasons.
This test method is intended for use as described in 1.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a potentiometric titration procedure for determining the anionic active matter in detergents. It is intended for the analysis of anionic surfactants such as detergent range alkylbenzenesulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, and alcohol ethosulfates. It has not been tested for surfactant formulations.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. Water by distillation with volatile solvent and moisture and volatile matter by hot-plate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Titration test, extraction-titration test, and ash-gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified. Total desulfated fatty matter, total active ingredients, unsaponifiable non-volatile matter, inorganic salts, total alkalinity, and total ammonia shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. In the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method, brine test method, and in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. Water-immiscible organic solvents volatile with steam shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Section  Moisture:  Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent4-9  Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method10-14 Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:  Test Method A. Titration Test15-19  Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test20-24  Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True
Sulfonates)25-28 Total Desulfated Fatty Matter29-32 Total Active Ingredients33-36 Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter37-41 Inorganic Salts42-46 Total Alkalinity47-49 Total Ammonia50-52 Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:  Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps53-56  Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)57-60  Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps61-63 Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam64-70  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
4.1 This test method covers the determination of water existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by distilling the sample with a volatile solvent. The method is applicable only to sulfonated and sulfated oils that do not contain the following: mineral acids, free sulfonic acids, or free sulfuric acid esters; or alkali hydroxides, carbonates or acetates; or alcohol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, acetone, or other water-miscible volatile compounds.  
10.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of water and other compounds volatile at about 100°C existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by rapid evaporation. The test method is applicable only to sulfonated and sulfated oils that do not contain the following: mineral acids, free sulfonic acids or free sulfuric acid esters, ammonia, acetic acid or similar volatile acids, alkali hydroxides, carbonates, acetates or similar salts that may react with oleic acid at elevated temperatures liberating volatile acids, or glycerin, diethylene glycol, xylene, or other compounds of similar volatility.  
15.1 This test method covers the determination of the organically combined sulfuric anhydride existing in a sample of sulfated oil by boiling the sample with sulfuric acid and determining the acidity of the reaction mixture. This method is applicable only to oils that split off their combined SO3 upon boiling with mineral acids and that do not contain compounds that cannot be accurately titrated in wat...

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is suitable in research, development, and manufacturing control to monitor the level of NTA, a sequestering agent, in powder and liquid detergents.
Accurate determination of a sequestering agent is important in evaluating cost and performance of detergent products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of nitrilotriacetates (NTA) in detergents.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see 6.5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is suitable as a quality control test for the measurement of color in alpha olefin sulfonates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of alpha olefin sulfonates. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Sections  Moisture by the Distillation Method4-8  Sodium Sulfate 9-14  Neutral Oil15-19  Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)20-24  Alkalinity25-29  pH30 and 31  Determination of Color32-37  Determination of Active Content by Methylene Blue Titration38-47
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statement see 36.1. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
32.1 This method covers the measurement of color in alpha olefin sulfonates using the platinum-cobalt scale and the Klett-Summerson colorimeter.
32.2 The instrument is calibrated each day with dilutions of Platinum-Cobalt Color Standard (No. 500 APHA). The Pt-Co value for the sample is determined from the calibration curve for the Klett instrument.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alkylbenzene sulfonic acids are important intermediates in the synthetic detergent industry and are defined under “alkyl benzene sulfonate” in Terminology D459. This test method is suitable for the rapid monitoring of the sulfonic and sulfuric acid levels, both of which have a vital bearing on final product performance and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of sulfonic and sulfuric acids in branched and linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acids used as intermediates in synthetic detergents.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are suitable for setting specifications on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufacturing process.
The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufacturing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small unidentified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds.
Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not excessive for a particular end use.
The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining that the color of the linear detergent alkylate will not contribute to the color of the end use product.
The refractive index and specific gravity tests are possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants.
The water test is suitable for determining that linear detergent alkylates do not contain amounts of water deleterious to further processing.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those properties which characterize linear detergent alkylates with respect to its suitability for desired uses.
Note 1—Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate characteristics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers sodium bicarbonate for use in various washing, cleaning, and scouring processes. As received sodium bicarbonate shall conform to the chemical requirements according to this specification. Sodium bicarbonate shall be a white, uniform powder, and caking shall be readily disintegrated. Sampling and chemical analysis shall be in accordance with the ASTM standard test methods of alkaline detergents.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material suitable for use in various washing, cleaning, and scouring processes, with or without soap as conditions demand, and where a mildly alkaline material is desired. (Warning—This material may be hazardous if not properly managed. Precautionary information for the safe use, storage, and disposal of this material should be preliminarily obtained from suppliers and others. In case of personal accident with this material, apply appropriate first aid; telephone nearest Poison Control Center for assistance, and get medical attention immediately.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is of use to anyone engaged in compositional analysis of detergent formulations. This would include formulators, and analysts employed by companies that manufacture the components usually included in such formulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis for the apparent sodium toluene sulfonate (NaTS) content of detergents.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. The method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test. The method method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. This test method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test.
1.2 This test method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level. Correction for the amount of the most common contaminant, sodium chloride, is shown by a separate determination.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.