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ASTM D5736-95(2001)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)

Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate student’ t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and warmth properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics are often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as before and after abrasion or shrinkage.
The thickness value of highloft nonwoven fabrics will vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be specified when discussing or listing any thickness value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D5729.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics.  
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Withdrawal Date
30-Sep-2008
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.90 - Executive
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5736-95 - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D5736-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)ASTM D5736-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
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ASTM D5736-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5736–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5736; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 thickness, n—the distance between one surface and its
opposite.
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thick-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In textiles, the distance between the
ness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven
upper and lower surfaces of the material; measured under a
fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D 5729.
specified pressure. Thickness is usually determined as the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
distance between an anvil, or base, and a presser foot used to
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be
apply the specified pressure.
approximate.
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The thickness of a highloft nonwoven fabric is deter-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mined by observing the linear distance that a movable plane is
2. Referenced Documents displaced from a parallel surface by the specimen while under
a specified pressure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5. Significance and Use
2
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
5.1 This test method is used in the trade for acceptance
D 1777 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile
2
testing of commercial shipments; however, comparative tests
Materials
as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
3
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
3 reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D 5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics
testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, the
3. Terminology purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to
determine if there is a statistical bias between their laborato-
3.1 Definitions:
ries. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the
3.1.1 highloft nonwoven fabric, n—a low-density fiber net-
investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should
work structure characterized by a high ratio of thickness to
take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as
mass per unit area. (Syn. highloft).
possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in
3.1.2 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in
bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, or combina-
results from the two laboratories should be compared using the
tion thereof.
appropriate student’s t-test and an acceptable probability level
3.1.3 pressure, n—the force per unit area.
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Pressure may be expressed in any ap-
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
propriate or specified units, such as pascals (Pa), newtons per
2
purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
square metre (N/m ), or pound-force per square inch (psi).
results with consideration to the known bias.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 on Executive.
Current edition approved March 31, 2005. Published September 1995.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5736–95 (2001)
TABLE 1 Number of Rolls, or Pieces, of Fabric in the Lot Sample
5.2 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of
highloft nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, Number of Rolls, Pieces in Lot, Number of Rolls, Pieces in Lot,
Inclusive Sample
the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits.
1to3 all
Bulk and warmth properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics are
4to24 4
often estimated from their
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
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5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off