ASTM D5736-95

Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D5729.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.90 - Executive

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5736-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5736 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5736; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specified pressure. Thickness is usually determined as the
distance between an anvil, or base, and a presser foot used to
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thick-
apply the specified pressure.
ness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D 5729.
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be
4. Summary of Test Method
approximate.
4.1 The thickness of a highloft nonwoven fabric is deter-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mined by observing the linear distance that a movable plane is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
displaced from a parallel surface by the specimen while under
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a specified pressure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 This test method is used in the trade for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments; however, comparative tests
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
2 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D 1777 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile
2 testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, the
Materials
purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
3 determine if there is a statistical bias between their laborato-
Method That Produces Normally Distributed Data
ries. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the
D 5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabric
investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should
3. Terminology take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as
possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in
3.1 Definitions:
question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in
3.1.1 highloft nonwoven fabric, n—a low-density fiber net-
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
work structure characterized by a high ratio of thickness to
results from the two laboratories should be compared using the
mass per unit area. (Syn. highloft).
appropriate student’s t-test and an acceptable probability level
3.1.2 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is
bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, or combina-
purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
tion thereof.
results with consideration to the known bias.
3.1.3 pressure, n—the force per unit area.
5.2 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Pressure may be expressed in any ap-
highloft nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications,
propriate or specified units, such as pascals (Pa), newtons per
the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits.
square metre (N/m ), or pound-force per square inch (psi).
Bulk and warmth properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics are
3.1.4 thickness, n—the distance between one surface and its
often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is
opposite.
also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In textiles, the distance between the
before and after abrasion or shrinkage.
upper and lower surfaces of the material; measured under a
5.3 The thickness value of highloft nonwoven fabrics will
vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.64 on Nonwoven Fabric.
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published September 1995. cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5736
or pieces of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
specified when discussing or listing any thickness value.
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
quality level.
6. Apparatus
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample take a
6.1 Thickness Testing Gage —Having dimensions appropri-
swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 2
ate to the highloft nonwoven material to be tested and shall
m (2 yd) along the machine direction from each roll, or piece,
permit the gradual application of the specified pressure within
in the lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that will
65 %. The anvil and presser foot shall be plane and parallel
exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap
within 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) and provided with a scale for
around the core.
indicating the distance between the anvil and the presser foot,
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
having a readability of 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) with an accuracy of
take five specimens. Use the cutting die or template described
at least 0.1 mm (0.005 in.). The length and width of the anvil
in 6.2. Thickness tests may be made on laboratory sampling
shall be at least 10 mm (0.5 in.) greater than the presser foot.
units without cutting providing it can be maintained in a plane
The presser foot shall be 300 by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.). The
parallel to the presser foot and anvil while making measure-
tester shall be equipped with a counter balance to balance the
ments.
platen as specified.
7.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution
6.1.1 Because of the linkage ratios, the dial indicator move-
within the laboratory sampling units and no nearer the edge
ment will represent a tenfold movement of the platen. For
than one tenth its width. Ensure specimens are free of folds,
example, a reading of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) on the dial indicator
creases, or wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, and so
indicates a travel of the platen of 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). The dial
forth, on the specimens when handling.
indicator is typical for measurements of thickness and includes
two indicators. The small indicator counts the revolution of the
8. Conditioning
large indicator pointer. A specimen whose thickness is, for
8.1 Condition 1, Unspecified Testing Conditioning—No
example, 90 mm (3.5 in.) will read 75 mm (3 in.) on the small
conditioning is required unless otherwise specified in a mate-
indicator and 13 mm (0.5 in.) on the larger indicator.
rial specification or contact order.
6.2 Cutting Dies or Template, to cut specimens 300 by 300
8.2 Condition 2, Standard Testing Conditioning:
6 2-mm (12 by 12 6 0.01-in.); dies are recommended.
8.2.1 When specified, precondition the specimens by bring-
NOTE 1—A study of the impact of the sample size on the accuracy of
ing them to the approximate moisture equilibrium in the
the method indicated that because of the large specimen size it is not
standard atmosphere for preconditioning textiles as directed in
necessary to cut specimens larger than the anvil as is the case in Test
Practice D 1776.
Method D 1777.
8.2.2 After preconditioning, bring the test specimens to
6.3 Mass—An appropriate size weight with a mass of 288 g
moistur
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