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ASTM C1622/C1622M-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems

Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-weather admixture systems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when the temperature of the concrete immediately after placement will be low. This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weather admixture system with suitable materials specified or with materials proposed for specific work, and provides three levels of testing. The apparatus used shall be suitable for low temperature environment. The concrete, cementitious materials, aggregates, and air-entraining admixture shall be tested and shall conform to the values of chemical and performance requirements such as initial setting time, compressive strength, shrinkage, durability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixture systems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when the temperature of the concrete immediately after placement will be as low as 23.0 °F [-5.0 °C].
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weather admixture system with suitable materials as described in 11.1-11.3 or with materials proposed for specific work (See 11.5). Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shall be made using suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1-11.3.
Note 1—Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the concreting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence proposed for the specific work (See 11.5) because the time of setting, compressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.
1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.
1.3.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of compliance with the performance requirements defined in Table 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture system meets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section 6) shall be carried out to provide results against which later comparisons can be made.
1.3.2 Level 2—Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1, and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table 1 demonstrates conformity of the admixture system with the requirements of this specification.
1.3.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the purchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section ) shall be used.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion, Sections 11-18, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.23 - Chemical Admixtures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1622/C1622M-05 - Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM C1622/C1622M-09 - Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
Effective Date
15-Dec-2009

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ASTM C1622/C1622M-06 - Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C1622/C1622M – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1622/C1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixture sys-
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test
tems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when the
methods portion, Sections 11-18, of this specification. This
temperature of the concrete immediately after placement will
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
be as low as 23.0 °F [-5.0 °C].
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weather
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
admixture system with suitable materials as described in
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
11.1-11.3 or with materials proposed for specific work (See
tions prior to use. WARNING—Fresh hydraulic cementitious
11.5). Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shall
mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
be made using suitable concreting materials as described in
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure.
11.1-11.3.
NOTE 1—Whenever practicable, tests should be made using the con- 2. Referenced Documents
creting materials, the mixture proportions, and batching sequence pro-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
posed for the specific work (See 11.5) because the time of setting,
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
compressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.
lindrical Concrete Specimens
1.3.1 Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
compliance with the performance requirements defined in
gregates
Table 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture system
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
meets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity and
Aggregates
equivalencetests(SeeSection6)shallbecarriedouttoprovide
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
results against which later comparisons can be made.
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
1.3.2 Level 2—Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1,
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table
Concrete
1 demonstrates conformity of the admixture system with the
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
requirements of this specification.
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
1.3.3 Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the
C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
purchaser, uniformity and equivalence tests (See Section 6)
Hydraulic Cement
shall be used.
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
SI units are shown in brackets. The values in each system are
crete by the Pressure Method
not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
crete
systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
1
2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregates and Concrete Testing,
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 04.02.
3
C09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C1622/C1622M – 05.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.15
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal power curves are used to evaluate the isothermal hydration kinetics of the combined mixture of different materials during the early period after being mixed with water. These isothermal power curves, or hydration profiles, may provide indications relative to setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance and early strength development. The isothermal hydration profiles can also be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as curing temperature. Special care must be used in evaluating extended retardation with paste specimens, which have been shown to overestimate the retardation of some mixtures containing cement, SCM, and admixtures.  
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5.4 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.5 The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.  
5.6 The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C172/C1...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (see Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Note 1: Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the measurement of heat of hydration. Heat of hydration can be determined according to Test Method C1702.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a technical approach to the evaluation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials such as pozzolans and hydraulic materials that fall outside the scope of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. This guide provides the initial steps for a comprehensive evaluation of an ASCM that provides due diligence for its specific intended uses in concrete; however, it does not evaluate conformance to all possible performance criteria for all types of concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Performing the tests or meeting the test limits in this guide should not imply that the material tested meets the requirements of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. These materials should not be represented as such and each specific source is to be evaluated separately.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative early hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.2 Thermal profiles are used to evaluate the hydration behavior of hydraulic cementitious mixtures after the addition of water. They may provide indications concerning setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance, relative heat of hydration, and early strength development. They can be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as the initial mixture and test temperatures. Thermal profile testing is an effective tool for identifying performance sensitivities or trends, and may help to reduce the number of concrete test mixtures required to develop and qualify mixtures, especially those to be subject to variable ambient environments. It may be used by concrete producers, materials suppliers, and other practitioners to support mixture development, selection of material types or sources, optimization of proportions, or troubleshooting of field problems.  
5.3 This practice can be used to understand concrete problems related to slump loss, setting, and early strength, but results may not predict field concrete performance. Performance verification with concrete is needed to quantify the trends identified using thermal testing.  
5.4 This practice can be used to evaluate the effects of chemical admixtures on the thermal profiles of cementitious mixtures. This can be especially useful in selecting dosages appropriate for different ambient conditions.  
5.5 Thermal measurement testing as described in this practice may have similar significance and use as isothermal calorimetry described by Practice C1679 or some types of near-adiabatic calorimetry. The selection of which practice or methods to use may depend on specific applications and circumstances. The thermal profiles obtained by this practic...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.  
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This...

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ASTM
ASTM C1697-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers blended supplementary cementitious materials that result from the blending or intergrinding of two or three ASTM compliant supplementary cementitious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulic or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementary cementitious materials include slag cement conforming to Specification C989/C989M, natural pozzolans and coal fly ash conforming to Specification C618 and silica fume conforming to Specification C1240.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials as separate additions or as a manufactured blend may significantly alter the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware of these changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice2 for information and guidelines. Specific reference is made to:    
ACI 232.1R  
Use of Natural Pozzolans in Concrete  
ACI 232.2R  
Use of Fly Ash in Concrete  
ACI 233R  
Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar  
ACI 234R  
Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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