ASTM D5875/D5875M-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
Standard Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cable-tool rigs (also referred to as churn rigs, water-well drilling rigs, spudders, or percussion rigs) are used in the oil fields and in the water-well industry. The Chinese developed the percussion method some 4000 years ago.
4.2 Cable-tool drilling and sampling methods may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices in both unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Cable-tool drilling and sampling may be selected over other methods based on its advantages, some of which are its high mobility, low water use, low operating cost, and low maintenance. Cable-tool drilling is the most widely available casing-advancement method that is restricted to the drilling of unconsolidated materials and softer rocks.
4.2.1 The application of cable-tool drilling and sampling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling unconsolidated materials. Depth of drill holes may exceed 900 m [3000 ft] and may be limited by the length of cable attached to the bull reel. However, most drill holes for geoenvironmental exploration rarely are required to go that deep. Rates for cable-tool drilling and sampling can vary from a general average of as much as 7.5 to 9 m/h [25 to 30 ft/h] including setting 200 mm [8 in.] diameter casing to considerably less than that depending on the type(s) of material drilled, and the type and condition of the equipment and rig used.Note 2—As a general rule, cable-tool rigs are used to sample the surficial materials, and to set surface casing in order that rotary-core rigs subsequently may be set up on the drill hole to core drill hard rock if coring is required. Note 3—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspect...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices.
1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure should be made on the basis of sample types needed and geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site.
1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration often will involve safety planning, administration and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. Note 1—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a ...
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Designation: D5875/D5875M − 13
Standard Guide for
Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for
Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of
1
Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5875/D5875M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and instal-
document means only that the document has been approved
lation of subsurface water-quality monitoring devices.
through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples
from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent
2. Referenced Documents
laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
should be made on the basis of sample types needed and
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site.
Fluids
1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAuger
often will involve safety planning, administration and docu- Borings
mentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
exploration and site safety. Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
NOTE 1—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical
Geotechnical Purposes
site characterizations.
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Drive Sampling of Soils
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
D4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Test-
with the standard.
ing
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Used at Waste Sites
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
3.2 For definitions of general technical terms used within
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
this guide, refer to Terminology D653.
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
3.3.1 bailer—a long, narrow bucket, made from a piece of
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
large-diameter pipe with a dart valve in the bottom, used to
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
remove cuttings from the borehole.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
3.3.2 bentonite—the common name for drilling-fluid addi-
tives and well-construction products consisting mostly of
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5875 – 95 (2006). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5875/D5875M-13. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5875/D5875M − 13
naturally occurring montmorillonite. Some bentonite products 3.3.15 in-situ testing devices—sensors or probes, used to
have chemical additives which may affect water-quality
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5875 − 95 (Reapproved 2006) D5875/D5875M − 13
Standard Guide for
Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for
Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of
1
Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5875;D5875/D5875M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of
subsurface water-quality monitoring devices.
1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent
laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure should be made on the basis of sample types needed and
geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site.
1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration often will involve safety planning, administration and documentation.
This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.
NOTE 1—This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.characterizations.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The SI units given in
parentheses are for information only.values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2006Aug. 1, 2013. Published July 2006September 2013. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
D5875 – 95 (2000).(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D5875-95R06.10.1520/D5875/D5875M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5875/D5875M − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.2 Terminology For definitions of general technical terms used within this guide is in accordance with guide, r
...
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