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ASTM D6549-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature curve (profile) that can be related to physical properties, such as the hardness obtainable upon quenching of a metal. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or as a comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and the procedure for evaluation of quenching characteristics of a quenching fluid by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate quenching fluids with agitation, using the Drayton Agitation Unit.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.06 - Non-Lubricating Process Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6549-01 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D6549-06(2011) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6666-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Aqueous Polymer Quenchants
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D6549-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)ASTM D6549-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)
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ASTM D6549-06 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6549–06
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Cooling Characteristics of Quenchants by
1
Cooling Curve Analysis with Agitation (Drayton Unit)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6549; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD6300 D2PP, Determination of Precision and Bias
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and the proce-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
dure for evaluation of quenching characteristics of a quenching
5
Lubricants
fluid by cooling rate determination.
1.2 This test method is designed to evaluate quenching
3. Terminology
fluids with agitation, using the Drayton Agitation Unit.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 aqueous polymer quenchant—an aqueous polymer
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
quenchant is an aqueous solution containing a water soluble
only.
polymer, typically including poly(alkylene glycol), poly(ethyl
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
oxazoline), poly(sodium acrylate), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6
(1,2,3). The quenchant solution also typically contains addi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tives for corrosion and foam control, if needed. Quench
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
severity of aqueous polymer quenchants is dependent on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
concentration and molecular weight of the specific polymer
2. Referenced Documents being evaluated, quenchant temperature, and agitation rate as
2
shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, respectively.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 cooling curve—the cooling curve is a graphical rep-
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
resentation of the cooling time (t) versus temperature (T)
Comparison Techniques
response of the probe (see 7.3). An example is illustrated in
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
Fig. 4.
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
3 3.1.3 cooling curve analysis—theprocessofquantifyingthe
2.2 SAE Standards:
coolingcharacteristicsofaquenchantbasedonthetemperature
AMS5665 NickelAlloyCorrosionandHeatResistantBars,
versustimeprofileobtainedbycoolingapreheatedmetalprobe
Forgings and Rings
4
assembly (see Fig. 4) under standard conditions (1-7).
2.3 Other Standards:
3.1.4 cooling rate curve—the cooling rate curve is a graphi-
Wolfson Engineering Group Specification Laboratory Tests
cal representation of first derivative of the cooling curve, the
forAssessing the Cooling Curve Characteristics of Indus-
rate of temperature change (dT/dt) versus temperature. An
trial Quenching Media
example is illustrated in Fig. 4.
3.1.5 quenchant—a quenching medium may be either a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
liquid or a gas. Gasses that are used as quenchants include air,
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen and, with the exception of air,
D02.L0.06 on Nonlubricating Process Fluids.
whichisusedatatmosphericpressure,areusedunderpressure.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6549–01. DOI:
Liquid quenchants include water, brine (most commonly dilute
10.1520/D6549-06.
aqueous solutions of sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide),
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
oil, molten salt, molten metal, and aqueous solutions of water
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
Warrendale, PA 15096. ADJD6300.
4 6
Available from Wolfson Heat Treatment Centre, Aston University, Aston The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, England. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6549–06
FIG. 1 Effect of Quenchant Concentration on Cooling Curve Performance for a Poly(Alkylene Glycol) Quenchant at 30°C and 0.5 m/s
FIG. 2 Effect of Bath Tem
...

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5.1 This test method provides a cooling time versus temperature pathway. The results obtained by this test method may be used as a guide in quenchant selection or comparison of quench severities of different quenchants, new or used.
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1.1 This test method covers the description of the equipment and the procedure for evaluating quenching characteristics of aqueous polymer quenchants by cooling rate determination.  
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5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.  
5.2 Biodegradation occurs when a fluid interacts with the environment, and so the extent of biodegradation is a function of both the chemical composition of the hydraulic fluid and the physical, chemical, and biological status of the environment at the time the fluid enters it. This guide cannot assist in judging the status of a particular environment, so it is not meant to provide standards for judging the persistence of a hydraulic fluid in any specific environment either natural or man-made.  
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1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.  
1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.  
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5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
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Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

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5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.  
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1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.  
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5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of non-petroleum and petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a constant volume vane pump test procedure operated at 1200 r/min and 13.8 MPa.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—There are no SI equivalents for the inch fasteners and inch O-rings that are used in the apparatus in this test method.  
1.2.2 Exception—In some cases English pressure values are given in parentheses as a safety measure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice allows the collection of a representative sample of LPG that may contain trace volatile dissolved components such as methane, ethane, and nitrogen. Sampling by Practice D1265 can result in a small, but predictable, loss of these lighter components. Practice D1265 is suitable for collecting samples for routine specification testing, as the small loss of light components is not significant under Specification D1835 specification requirements. Practice D3700 is recommended whenever highly accurate determination of light components is required. For example, compositions determined on samples collected according to Practice D3700 may be used to establish the product value of NGL mixtures (see Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), such as specified in ASTM Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. It may also be used for other natural gas liquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (for example, NGL mix, field butane, and so forth), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, and for volatile (higher vapor pressure) crude oils.
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