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ASTM C478M-12a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)

Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the manufacture and purchase requirements of products used for the assembly and construction of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes and structures used in sewer and water works. Reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel reinforcement has been embedded in such a manner so that the steel reinforcement and concrete act together. Aggregates shall conform to the specification , except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply. Minimum compressive strength of concrete manhole products covered must meet the requirement. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce as homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the products will conform to the test and design requirements. Concrete products shall be subjected to either steam or water curing. Test methods such as compression and absorption testing shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and purchase requirements of products used for the assembly and construction of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes and structures used in sewer, drainage, and water works.  
1.2 Part I, Sections 1-11, of this specification presents general requirements and requirements which are common to each precast concrete product covered by this specification.  
1.3 Part II of this specification presents specific requirements for each manhole product in the following sections:    
Product  
Section  
Grade Rings  
12  
Flat Slab Tops  
13  
Risers and Conical Tops  
14  
Base Sections  
15  
Steps and Ladders  
16  
Note 1—Future products will be included in Part II in a future revision of this specification.  
1.4 This specification is the SI companion to C478.Note 2—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength requirements of the manhole products and appurtenances. Experience has shown, however, that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the product strength, type of foundation and backfill, and care in the field installation of the manhole products and connecting pipes. The owner of the project for which these products are specified herein is cautioned to require inspection at the construction site.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2012
ICS
13.060.30 - Sewage water
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.06 - Manholes and Specials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C478M-12 - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Replaced By
ASTM C478M-13 - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM C443M-21 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Referred By
ASTM C990M-09(2019) - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012

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ASTM C478M-12a - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)ASTM C478M-12a - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)
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ASTM C478M-12a - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C478M −12a
StandardSpecification for
1
Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C478M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
PART I—GENERAL A615/A615M SpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
1. Scope A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed
and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and purchase
A1064/A1064M Specification for Steel Wire and Welded
requirements of products used for the assembly and construc-
Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
tion of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
and structures used in sewer, drainage, and water works.
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
1.2 Part I, Sections 1-11, of this specification presents
drical Concrete Specimens
general requirements and requirements which are common to
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
each precast concrete product covered by this specification.
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
crete
1.3 Part II of this specification presents specific require-
ments for each manhole product in the following sections: C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
pounds for Curing Concrete
Product Section
Grade Rings 12
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Flat Slab Tops 13
Concrete
Risers and Conical Tops 14
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or
Base Sections 15
Steps and Ladders 16 Tile
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
NOTE 1—Future products will be included in Part II in a future revision
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
of this specification.
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1.4 This specification is the SI companion to C478.
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
NOTE 2—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
Products
tion only, and does not include requirements for backfill, or the relation-
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
ship between field load conditions and the strength requirements of the
Mortars
manhole products and appurtenances. Experience has shown, however,
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper
selection of the product strength, type of foundation and backfill, and care
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
in the field installation of the manhole products and connecting pipes.The
2.2 ACI Standard:
owner of the project for which these products are specified herein is
ACI 318 Building Code, Requirements for Reinforced Con-
cautioned to require inspection at the construction site.
3
crete
2. Referenced Documents
2 3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
pipe, see Terminology C822.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
4. Materials and Manufacture
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.06 on Manholes
and Specials.
4.1 General material requirements for precast reinforced
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally
concrete manhole products are presented in 4.1.1-4.1.8. Other
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C478M – 12 DOI:
10.1520/C0478M-12A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
the ASTM website. Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C478M−12a
materials or additional requirements for a product, if any, are 5. Design
covered in the Part II section for that specific product.
5.1 Design requirements for a product are prescribed in the
4.1.1 Reinforced Concrete—Reinforced concrete shall con-
specific Part II section for that product.
sistofcementitiousmaterials,mineralaggregates,andwater,in
5.1.1 The minimum compressive strength of concrete man-
which steel reinforcement has been embedded in such a
hole products covered by this specification shall be
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the manufacture and purchase requirements of products used for the assembly and construction of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes and structures used in sewer and water works. Reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel reinforcement has been embedded in such a manner so that the steel reinforcement and concrete act together. Aggregates shall conform to the specification , except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply. Minimum compressive strength of concrete manhole products covered must meet the requirement. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce as homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the products will conform to the test and design requirements. Concrete products shall be subjected to either steam or water curing. Test methods such as compression and absorption testing shall be performed.
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1.1 This specification covers the manufacture and purchase requirements of products used for the assembly and construction of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes and structures used in sewer, drainage, and water works.  
1.2 Part I, Sections 1 – 11, of this specification presents general requirements and requirements that are common to each precast concrete product covered by this specification.  
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12  
Flat Slab Tops  
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Risers and Conical Tops  
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16  
Note 1: Future products will be included in Part II in a future revision of this specification.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
Note 2: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength requirements of the manhole products and appurtenances. Experience has shown, however, that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the product strength, type of foundation and backfill, and care in the field installation of the manhole products and connecting pipes. The owner of the project for which these products are specified herein is cautioned to require inspection at the construction site.  
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This specification covers flexible watertight joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The numerical values in this specification are not presented in inch-pound units, but rather, in metric or SI units only. All rubber gaskets shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of both standard gasket and oil resistant gasket requirements. Assembled joints should pass the following performance test without leakage at the joints: pipes in straight alignment, and pipes in maximum deflected position.
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1.1 This specification covers flexible leak-resistant joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Specification C14, Specification C76, or Specification C507 and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to Specification C478/C478M, provided that if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this specification for joints shall govern.  
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C443 has been developed—C443M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
Note 1: This specification covers the design and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft), when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.  
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This specification covers flexible watertight joints for concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The numerical values in this specification are not presented in inch-pound units, but rather, in metric or SI units only. All rubber gaskets shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of both standard gasket and oil resistant gasket requirements. Assembled joints should pass the following performance test without leakage at the joints: pipes in straight alignment, and pipes in maximum deflected position.
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Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Practice  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Facilities  
6.1  
Container  
6.2  
Equipment  
6.3  
Hazards  
7  
Microcosm Components  
8  
Medium  
8.1  
Medium Preparation  
8.2  
Sediment  
8.3  
Microcosm Assembly  
8.4  
Test Material  
9  
General  
9.1  
Stock Solution  
9.2  
Nutrient Control  
9.3  
Test Organisms  
10  
Algae  
10.1  
Animals  
10.2  
Specificity of Organisms  
10.3  
Sources  
10.4  
Algal Culture Maintenance  
10.5  
Animal Culture Maintenance  
10.6  
Procedure  
11  
Experimental Design  
11.1  
Inoculation  
11.2  
Culling  
11.3  
Addition of Test Material  
11.4  
Measurements  
11.5  
Reinoculations  
11.6  
Analytical Methodology  
12  
Data Processing  
13  
Calculations of Variables from Measurements  
14  
Statistical Analyses ...

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Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of Fluid Permeation Through Geomembranes for Specific Applications

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5.1 The principal characteristic of geomembranes is their intrinsically low permeability to a broad range of gases, vapors, and liquids, both as single-component fluids and as complex mixtures of many constituents. As low-permeable materials, geomembranes are being used in a wide range of engineering applications in geotechnical, environmental, and transportation areas as barriers to control the migration of mobile fluids and their constituents. The range of potential permeants is broad and the service conditions can differ greatly. This guide shows users test methods available for determining the permeability of geomembranes to various permeants.  
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1.1 This specification covers the minerology, specific gravity, and particle size distributions (PSDs) of silica-based sediments to be used in the laboratory performance testing of stormwater treatment devices as well as criteria defining acceptable error for the target PSDs.  
1.2 Silica-based sediment is used as a surrogate material for performance and scour determinations for some manufactured stormwater treatment devices such as hydrodynamic separators and filters. These data are used to gain regulatory approvals within certain jurisdictions.  
1.3 Acceptance of test results attained according to this specification may be subject to specific requirements set by a Quality Assurance Project Plan, a specific verification protocol, or a policy set by an Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). It is advised to review one or all of the above to ensure compliance.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for methods to establish and report sediment concentration and particle size. It is convention to exclusively describe sediment concentration in mg/L and particle size in mm or μm, both of which are SI units. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound units shall be regarded as conforming with this test method.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Silica-based sediment is considered hazardous under the OSHA Hazard Communications Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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