ASTM D2652-22

Standard Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to activated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards in which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.  
2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to activated carbon. However, it is also a ready reference for those directly associated with activated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage, particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.  
2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon, it can never be complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of any term in another context.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to activated carbon and encompasses finished products, applications, and testing procedures.  
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology is quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase “in activated carbon” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 01.040.71 - Chemical technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D28 - Activated Carbon
• Drafting Committee: D28.03 - Nomenclature and Editorial

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2652 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope absorption—a process in which fluid molecules are taken up
by a liquid or solid and distributed throughout the body of
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to
that liquid or solid.
activated carbon and encompasses finished products,
applications, and testing procedures.
accelerated adsorption tests—adsorption tests in which the
end point is hastened by testing at conditions more severe
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology is
than those anticipated in service.
quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the
limiting phrase “in activated carbon” after the dash following
acid-extractable material—substances dissolved by an acid
the term to properly limit the field of application of the term
under specified conditions.
and definition.
activated carbon—a family of carbonaceous substances
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ties.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
activation—any process whereby a substance is treated to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
develop adsorptive properties.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
activity—for activated carbon, the adsorptive capacity of an
adsorbent, usually as measured by a standard test.
2. Significance and Use
adsorbate—any substance that is adsorbed.
2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to acti-
vated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards in
adsorbent—any solid having the ability to concentrate signifi-
which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted
cant quantities of other substances on its surface.
properly.
adsorption—a process in which fluid molecules are concen-
2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-
trated on a surface by chemical or physical forces, or both.
sant with the terms related to activated carbon. However, it is
also a ready reference for those directly associated with
adsorption zone—see mass transfer zone.
activated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonal-
ash—residue after the combustion of a substance under speci-
ityofusage,particularlyinthepreparationofASTMstandards.
fied conditions.
2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-
as-is basis—as received.
formity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon, it can
breakpoint—the appearance in the effluent of a specified
never be complete because new terms are constantly arising.
concentration of an adsorbate.
The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or
misuse of any term in another context.
breakthrough, n—the first appearance in the effluent of an
adsorbate of interest under specified conditions.
3. Terminology
channeling—the preferential flow of fluid through passages of
abrasion resistance—the property of a particle to resist
lower resistance that can occur in fixed beds or columns of
attrition or wearing away by friction.
particles owing to nonuniform packing, irregular sizes and
shapes of the particles, gas pockets, wall effects, and other
causes.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.03 on
chemical adsorption—see chemisorption.
Nomenclature and Editorial.
chemisorption (chemical adsorption)—the binding of an
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
adsorbate to the surface of a solid at strengths approximating
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D2652 – 21. DOI:
10.1520/D2652-22. those of a chemical bond.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2652 − 22
coadsorption—the adsorption of two or more components on effective size—the particle size, in SI units, which corresponds
an adsorbent, each affecting the adsorbability of the other. to 10 percent finer on the cumulative particle size distribu-
tion curve.
contact batch operation—an adsorption process in which an
adsorbent is di
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2652 − 21 D2652 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to activated carbon and encompasses finished products, applications, and
testing procedures.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology is quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase “in
activated carbon” after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to activated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards in which such
terms are used can be understood and interpreted properly.
2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conversant with the terms related to activated carbon. However, it is also a
ready reference for those directly associated with activated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonality of usage,
particularly in the preparation of ASTM standards.
2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uniformity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon, it can never
be complete because new terms are constantly arising. The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or misuse of
any term in another context.
3. Terminology
abrasion resistance—the property of a particle to resist attrition or wearing away by friction.
absorption—a process in which fluid molecules are taken up by a liquid or solid and distributed throughout the body of that
liquid or solid.
accelerated adsorption tests—adsorption tests in which the end point is hastened by testing at conditions more severe than
those anticipated in service.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.03 on Nomenclature and
Editorial.
Current edition approved June 1, 2021Sept. 1, 2022. Published June 2021October 2022. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20202021 as
D2652 – 11 (2020).D2652 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D2652-21.10.1520/D2652-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2652 − 22
acid-extractable material—substances dissolved by an acid under specified conditions.
activated carbon—a family of carbonaceous substances manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive properties.
activation—any process whereby a substance is treated to develop adsorptive properties.
activity—for activated carbon, the adsorptive capacity of an adsorbent, usually as measured by a standard test.
adsorbate—any substance that is adsorbed.
adsorbent—any solid having the ability to concentrate significant quantities of other substances on its surface.
adsorption—a process in which fluid molecules are concentrated on a surface by chemical or physical forces, or both.
adsorption zone—see mass transfer zone.
ash—residue after the combustion of a substance under specified conditions.
as-is basis—as received.
breakpoint—the appearance in the effluent of a specified concentration of an adsorbate.
breakthrough, n—the first appearance in the effluent of an adsorbate of interest under specified conditions.
channeling—the preferential flow of fluid through passages of lower resistance that can occur in fixed beds or columns of
particles owing to nonuniform packing, irregular sizes and shapes of the particles, gas pockets, wall effects, and other causes.
chemical adsorption—see chemisorption.
chemisorption (chemical adsorption)—the binding of an adsorbate to the surface of a solid at strengths approximating those
of a chemical bond.
coadsorption—the adsorption of two or more components on an adsorbent, each affecting the adsorbability of the other.
contact batch operation—an adso
...