ASTM C747-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic Resonance
Standard Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic Resonance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for material development, characterization, design data generation, and quality control purposes.
5.2 This test method is primarily concerned with the room temperature determination of the dynamic moduli of elasticity and rigidity of slender rods or bars composed of homogeneously distributed carbon or graphite particles.
5.3 This test method can be adapted for other materials that are elastic in their initial stress-strain behavior, as defined in Test Method E111.
5.4 This basic test method can be modified to determine elastic moduli behavior at temperatures from –75 °C to +2500 °C. Thin graphite rods may be used to project the specimen extremities into ambient temperature conditions to provide resonant frequency detection by the use of transducers as described in 7.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of isotropic and near isotropic carbon and graphite materials at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular or cylindrical) test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young's modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural or longitudinal mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio.
1.2 This test method determines elastic properties by measuring the fundamental resonant frequency of test specimens of suitable geometry by exciting them mechanically by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool. Specimen supports, impulse locations, and signal pick-up points are selected to induce and measure specific modes of the transient vibrations. A transducer (for example, contact accelerometer or non-contacting microphone) senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transforms them into electric signals. (See Fig. 1.) The transient signals are analyzed, and the fundamental resonant frequency is isolated and measured by the signal analyzer, which provides a numerical reading that is (or is proportional to) either the frequency or the period of the specimen vibration. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the specimen are used to calculate dynamic Young's modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Annex A1 contains an alternative approach using continuous excitation.
FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C747 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of
1
Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic Resonance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
elastic properties of isotropic and near isotropic carbon and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
graphite materials at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechani-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cal resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular or cylindri-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cal) test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency
in the flexural or longitudinal mode of vibration. The dynamic
2. Referenced Documents
shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic
C215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse,
shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of
1.2 This test method determines elastic properties by mea-
Concrete Specimens
suring the fundamental resonant frequency of test specimens of
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
suitable geometry by exciting them mechanically by a singular
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
elastic strike with an impulse tool. Specimen supports, impulse
C885 Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory
locations, and signal pick-up points are selected to induce and
Shapes by Sonic Resonance
measure specific modes of the transient vibrations. A trans-
C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
ducer (for example, contact accelerometer or non-contacting
Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
microphone) senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
specimen and transforms them into electric signals. (See Fig.
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.) The transient signals are analyzed, and the fundamental
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
resonant frequency is isolated and measured by the signal
and Chord Modulus
analyzer, which provides a numerical reading that is (or is
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
proportional to) either the frequency or the period of the
ASTM Test Methods
specimen vibration. The appropriate fundamental resonant
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the specimen are used to
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
calculate dynamic Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus,
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
and Poisson’s ratio. Annex A1 contains an alternative approach
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
using continuous excitation.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
to Terminology D4175.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C747 – 16. DOI: S
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C747 − 16 C747 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of
1
Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic Resonance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of isotropic and near isotropic carbon and graphite
materials at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are
determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can
therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular or cylindrical) test
specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural
or longitudinal mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations.
Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
1.2 This test method determines elastic properties by measuring the fundamental resonant frequency of test specimens of suitable
geometry by exciting them mechanically by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool. Specimen supports, impulse locations,
and signal pick-up points are selected to induce and measure specific modes of the transient vibrations. A transducer (for example,
contact accelerometer or non-contacting microphone) senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transforms
them into electric signals. (See Fig. 1.) The transient signals are analyzed, and the fundamental resonant frequency is isolated and
measured by the signal analyzer, which provides a numerical reading that is (or is proportional to) either the frequency or the period
of the specimen vibration. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the specimen are used to
calculate dynamic Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. Annex A1 contains an alternative approach
using continuous excitation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2023. Published January 2017November 2023. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20102016
ɛ1
as C747 – 93 (2010)C747 – 16. . DOI: 10.1520/C0747-16.10.1520/C0747-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C747 − 23
FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus
C215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete Specimens
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
C885 Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
C1161 Tes
...
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