ASTM F1362-18(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulus of Aerospace Glazing Interlayer Materials
Standard Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulus of Aerospace Glazing Interlayer Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic material properties obtained from this test method can be used in the control of the quality of interlayers, in the theoretical equations for designing laminated transparencies, and in the evaluation of new interlayers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shear strength and shear modulus of interlayer materials that are restrained by relatively high modulus plies in laminated transparencies. This test method can be used with single or multiple plies of the same interlayer materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1362 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Shear Strength and Shear Modulus of Aerospace Glazing
Interlayer Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shear
F734 Test Method for Shear Strength of Fusion Bonded
strength and shear modulus of interlayer materials that are
Polycarbonate Aerospace Glazing Material
restrained by relatively high modulus plies in laminated
transparencies. This test method can be used with single or
3. Terminology
multiple plies of the same interlayer materials.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.1 adherend, n—relatively higher modulus plies that
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
restrain interlayer materials.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 shear modulus, n—the ratio of the shear stress to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
corresponding shear strain for the initial straight-line portion of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the curve.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.3 shear strength, n—the maximum shear stress existing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in the interlayer prior to failure. Represents the shear strength
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
of the system either as a cohesive or adhesive failure mode.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Test Method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 Torsional shear forces are applied to the interlayer
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
through a circular section that produces a peripherally uniform
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
stress distribution. The maximum stress in the interlayer at
failure represents the apparent shear strength of the interlayer.
2. Referenced Documents
By measuring the interlayer strain as a function of load, a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stress-strain curve can be established. The test specimen shall
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
be made from the same materials that are to be used in
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
production, and production processes shall be used when
ing Machines
applicable. It is also possible to fabricate specimens from the
E229 Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulus of
finished/formed transparency.
Structural Adhesives (Withdrawn 2003)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The basic material properties obtained from this test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
method can be used in the control of the quality of interlayers,
Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on
Transparent Enclosures and Materials.
in the theoretical equations for designing laminated
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
transparencies, and in the evaluation of new interlayers.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F1362 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/F1362-18R23.
6. Apparatus
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Testing Machines—Machines used for shear testing shall
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
conform with the requirements of Practices E4. The loads used
the ASTM website.
3 in determining shear strength shall be within the loading range
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. of the testing machine as defined in Practices E4.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1362 − 18 (2023)
6.2 Torsional Shear Apparatus—The torsional shear jig
shall apply a torsional shear load to the specimen without
inducing bending, peeling, or transverse shear stresses in the
test section. Loading shall be accomplished with torsion-test
equipment or by means of a jig used in a universal testing
machine. A jig is shown in Fig. 1 (see Practice F734) and Figs.
2 and 3 show the adaptations required for the various speci-
mens. Adequate precautions shall be taken to ensure a mini-
mum of frictional loss of torque (as by careful bearing design)
or to provide a direct measurement of the applied torque (as by
a load cell), or both, and to prevent the application of axial
forces. Also, take up the slack in the system prior to the start of
each test.
6.3 Measurement of Angular Displacement—Since the shear
strains of an interlayer will normally be very large, the angular
displacement shall be measured using an angular displacement
transducer. This transducer shall be either internal to the
torsion-test machine or attached to the jig.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 The specimen shall consist of laminated transparency
material machined in such a way as to produce an annular test
ring. The laminated transparency material can be either flat or
curved, and typical of the materials used in production where
applicable. Take adequate precautions to ensure test specimen
uniformity.
7.2 Determine the interlayer thickness within an accuracy of
FIG. 2 Adapters Required for Testing Type I and Type II Speci-
5 %. This shall be determined by direct measurement or by
mens
subtracting the thickness of the structural plies from the total
thickness, except when all plies are not loaded (see Fig. 3, Type
II).
7.3 Specimens shall be fabricated using one of the three
specimen geometries shown in Figs. 4-6. The test specimen
geometry shall be selected to maximize the accuracy of the
results within the guidelines. Types 1 and 2 specimens are
smaller and are suitable to test curved materials. The type 3
specimens shall be used in the testing of flat material where
larger specimen sizes are desirable.
7.4 Other specimens not conforming to 7.3 shall be sized in
accordance with the capability of the test machine in order to
ensure failure of the specimen; this can be either a load
limitation or displacement limitation. Generally, for flat
material, the larger the specimen size the greater the consis-
tency and accuracy of the test results. Test specimens removed
from a curved sheet shall be sized to limit the effects of
curvature. Guidelines are provided in Table 1.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 °C 6 2 °C (73.4 °F
6 3.6 °F) and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than
40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice
D618 unless otherwise specified.
9. Procedure
9.1 Measurement of Specimens—Measure the loading fix-
turing and specimens to ensure concentricity and conformance
FIG. 1 Torsional Shear Test Fixture (See Fig. 1, Practice F734). to the dimensional tolerances.
F1362 − 18 (2023)
FIG. 3 Adapter Required for Testing the Type III Specimen
NOTE 1—Annular interlayer test section required.
NOTE 2—Dimension a can be varied to test a specific interlayer or a
combination of interlayers depending on requirements (specimen shown
to test interlayers t and t ).
1 2
FIG. 5 Torsional Shear Test Specimen, Type II
9.4 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard labora-
tory atmosphere of 23 °C 6 2 °C (73.4 °F 6 3.6 °F) and 50 %
6 5 % relative humidity unless otherwise specified.
10. Calculation (Test Method E229)
10.1 Shear Strength—Calculate the shear strength (τ ) as
max
follows (see Table 1):
τ 5 Tr/I (1)
m
...
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