ASTM D3487-00(2006)

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of new mineral insulating oils of petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment. It is the intension of this specification to define a mineral insulating oil that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existing oils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with appropriate field maintenance, and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical equipment. Type I mineral oils are used for apparatus where normal oxidation resistance is required, where as, Type II mineral oils are used for apparatus where greater oxidation resistance is required. When examined with corresponding test methods, sampled specimens shall conform accordingly to physical (aniline point, color, flash point, interfacial tension, pour point, relative density or specific gravity, viscosity, and appearance), electrical (dielectric breakdown voltage, gassing tendency, and dissipation or power factor), and chemical (oxidation stability, oxidation inhibitor content, corrosive sulfur content, water content, neutralization number, and PCB content) property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers new mineral insulating oil of petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.
1.2 This specification is intended to define a mineral insulating oil that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existing oils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with appropriate field maintenance, and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical equipment. This specification applies only to new insulating oil as received prior to any processing.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2006
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.01 - Mineral

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3487-00 - Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM D3487-08 - Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5837-15 - Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3455-11(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4768-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D229-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8086-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Methanol and Ethanol in Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin by Headspace (HS)-Gas Chromatography (GC) Using Mass Spectrometry (MS) or Flame Ionization Detection (FID)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D1816-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D5222-23 - Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D115-17 - Standard Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Varnishes Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D4733-17 - Standard Test Methods for Solventless Electrical Insulating Varnishes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D2440-13(2021) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oil
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D3635-13(2021) - Standard Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D1675-18 - Standard Test Methods for Polytetrafluoroethylene Tubing
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D1000-17 - Standard Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 3487 – 00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Specification for
Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
1.1 This specification covers new mineral insulating oil of
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling medium
D924 TestMethodforDissipationFactor(orPowerFactor)
innewandexistingpoweranddistributionelectricalapparatus,
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
such as transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit breakers,
cal Insulating Liquids
switchgear, and attendant equipment.
D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against
1.2 This specification is intended to define a mineral insu-
Water by the Ring Method
latingoilthatisfunctionallyinterchangeableandmisciblewith
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
existing oils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with
2 Indicator Titration
appropriate field maintenance, and will satisfactorily main-
D1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical
tain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical
Insulating Oils
equipment.Thisspecificationappliesonlytonewinsulatingoil
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(Specific
as received prior to any processing.
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
2. Referenced Documents
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D1524 Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Elec-
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
trical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin in the Field
Open Cup Tester
D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
InsulatingOilsofPetroleumOriginUsingVDEElectrodes
ity)
D1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
Askarels
D2112 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited
Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified
mittee D27.01 on Mineral.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally Pirelli Method)
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3487–00.
D2440 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral
Refer to American National Standard C57.106. Guide for Acceptance and
Insulating Oil
Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment (IEEE Standard64). Available from
D2668 Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and
AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI),25W.43rdSt.,4thFloor,NewYork,
NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Infrared Absorption
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. D2766 TestMethodforSpecificHeatofLiquidsandSolids
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3487 – 00 (2006)
If temperatures higher than those recommended for the operating
D3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
pressure are used, the oil should be tested for inhibitor content and
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Con-
inhibitor added as necessary to return inhibitor content to its initial value.
ditions
Attempts to dry apparatus containing appreciable amounts of free water
D4059 TestMethodforAnalysisofPolychlorinatedBiphe-
may result in a significant loss of inhibitor even at the conditions
nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
recommended above.
D4768 Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl
3.3 additives—chemical substances that are added to min-
Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating
eral insulating oil to achieve required functional properties.
Liquids by Gas Chromatography
3.4 properties—those properties of the mineral insulating
D5837 Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical
oil which are required for the design, manufacture, and
Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chroma-
operation of the apparatus. These properties are listed in
tography (HPLC)
Section 5.
3. Terminology Definitions
4. Sampling and Testing
3.1 Type I Mineral Oil—an oil for apparatus where normal
4.1 Take all oil samples in accordance with Test Methods
oxidation resistance is required. Some oils may require the
D923.
addition of a suitable oxidation inhibitor to achieve this.
4.2 Make each test in accordance with the latest revision of
3.2 Type II Mineral Oil—an oil for apparatus where greater
the ASTM test method specified in Section 5.
oxidation resistance is required. This is usually achieved with
4.3 The oil shall meet the requirements of Section 5 at the
the addition of a suitable oxidation inhibitor.
unloading point.
NOTE 1—During processing of inhibited mineral oil under vacuum and
NOTE 2—Because of the different needs of the various users, items
elevated temperatures, partial loss of inhibitor and volatile portions of
relatingtopackaging,labeling,andinspectionareconsideredtobesubject
mineral oil may occur. The common inhibitors, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl
to buyer-seller agreement.
para-cresol and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, are more volatile than trans-
NOTE 3—In addition to all other tests listed herein, it is sound
former oil. If processing conditions are too severe, oxidation stability of
engineering practice for the apparatus manufacturer to perform an
the oil may be decreased due to loss of inhibitor. The selectivity for
evaluation of new types of insulating oils in insulation systems, prototype
removal of moisture and air in preference to loss of inhibitor and oil is
structures, or full-scale apparatus, or any combination thereof, to assure
improved by use of a low processing temperature.
suitable service life.
Conditions that have been found satisfactory for most inhibited mineral
oil processing are:
4.4 Make known to the user the generic type and amount of
Minimum Pressure
any additive used, for assessing any potential detrimental
Temperature, °C Pa Torr, Approximate
reaction with other materials in contact with the oil.
40 5 0.04
50 10 0.075
60 20 0.15 5. Property Requirements
70 40 0.3
5.1 Mineral insulating oil conforming to this specification
80 100 0.75
90 400 3.0 shallmeetthepropertylimitsgiveninTable1.Thesignificance
100 1000 7.5
of these properties is discussed in Appendix X2.
D 3487 – 00 (2006)
TABLE 1 Property Requirements
Limit ASTM Test
Property
Method
Type I Type II
Physical:
A A
Aniline point, °C (63–84) (63–84) D611
Color, max 0.5 0.5 D 1500
Flash point, min, °C 145 145 D92
Interfacial tension at 25°C, min, dynes/cm 40 40 D 971
B B
Pour point, max, °C −40 −40 D97
Relative Density (Specific gravity), 15°C/15°C max 0.91 0.91 D 1298
Viscosity, max, cSt (SUS) at:
100°C 3.0 (36) 3.0 (36) D 445 or D88
40°C 12.0 (66) 12.0 (66)
0°C 76.0 (350) 76.0 (350)
Visual examination clear and bright clear and bright D 1524
Electrical:
Dielectric breakdown voltage at 60 Hz:
Disk electrodes, min, kV 30 30 D 877
C C
VDE electrodes, min, kV 0.040-in. (1.02-mm) gap 20 20 D 1816
C C
0.080-in. (2.03-mm) gap 35 35
Dielectric breakdown voltage, impulse conditions D 3300
D D
25°C, min, kV, needle negative to sphere grounded, 145 145
1-in. (25.4-mm) gap
Gassing tendency, max, µL/min +30 +30 D 2300
Dissipation factor (or power factor), at 60 Hz max, %: D 924
25°C 0.05 0.05
100°C 0.30 0.30
E
Chemical:
Oxidation stability (acid-sludge test) D 2440
72 h:
% sludge, max, by mass 0.15 0.1
Total acid number, max, mg KOH/g 0.5 0.3
164 h:
% sludge, max, by mass 0.3 0.2
Total acid number, max, mg KOH/g 0.6 0.4
Oxidation stability (rotating bomb test), min, minutes — 195 D2112
F
Oxidation inhibitor content, max, % by mass 0.08 0.3 D 4768 or D 2668
Corrosive sulfur noncorrosive D 1275
Water, max, ppm 35 35 D 1533
Neutralization number, total acid number, max, mg 0.03 0.03 D 974
KOH/g
PCB content, ppm not detectable not detectable D 4059
A
The value shown represents current knowledge.
B
It is common practice to specify a lower or higher pour point, depending upon climatic conditions.
C
These limits by Test Method D 1816 are applicable only to as received new oil (see Appendix X2.2.1.2). A new processed oil should have minimum breakdown
strengths of 28 kV and 56 kV for a 0.04 in. (1.02 mm) or 0.08 in. (2.03 mm) gap respectively.
D
Currently available oils vary in impulse strength. Some users prefer oil of a 145 kV minimum for certain applications, while others accept oil with impulse strength as
low as 130 kV for other applications.
E
Furanic compounds, as determined by Test Method D 5837, are useful for assessing the level of cellulose degradation that has occurred in oil impregnated paper
systems. Specifying maximum allowable furan levels in new oils for this purpose should be by agreement between user and supplier.
F
Both 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol and 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol have been found to be suitable oxidation inhibitors for use in oils meeting this specification.
Preliminary studies indicate both Test Methods D 2668 and D 4768 are suitable for determining concentration of either inhibitor or their mixture.
APPEN
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