ASTM D5837-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Furanic compounds are generated by the degradation of cellulosic materials used in the solid insulation systems of electrical equipment.
5.2 Furanic compounds which are oil soluble to an appreciable degree will migrate into the insulating liquid.
5.3 High concentrations or unusual increases in the concentrations of furanic compounds in oil may indicate cellulose degradation from aging or incipient fault conditions. Testing for furanic compounds may be used to complement dissolved gas in oil analysis as performed in accordance with Test Method D3612.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination in electrical insulating liquids of products of the degradation of cellulosic materials such as paper, pressboard, and cotton materials typically found as insulating materials in electrical equipment. These degradation products are substituted furan derivatives, commonly referred to as furanic compounds or furans. This test method allows either liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction (SPE) of the furanic compounds from the sample matrix followed by analysis for specific furanic compounds by HPLC or direct injection for analysis of specific furanic compounds by HPLC.
1.2 The individual furanic compounds that may be identified and quantified include the following:
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde
furfuryl alcohol
2-furaldehyde
2-acetylfuran
5-methyl-2-furaldehyde
1.3 The direct injection method generally has a higher limit of detection, especially for furfuryl alcohol. Greater interference for furfuryl alcohol may be expected when using the direct injection method as opposed to extraction methods.
1.4 This test method has been used to successfully test for furanic compounds in mineral insulating oil, silicone fluid, high fire point electrical insulating oils of mineral origin, askarels, and perchloroethylene-based dielectric fluids.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5837 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-
1
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination in electrical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
insulating liquids of products of the degradation of cellulosic D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
materials such as paper, pressboard, and cotton materials D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
typically found as insulating materials in electrical equipment. Electrical Apparatus
These degradation products are substituted furan derivatives, D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in
commonly referred to as furanic compounds or furans. This Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
test method allows either liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction
2.2 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Stan-
(SPE) of the furanic compounds from the sample matrix
dard:
followed by analysis for specific furanic compounds by HPLC
Method 1198 Furanic Compounds Analysis in Mineral Oil
3
or direct injection for analysis of specific furanic compounds
Insulating Oil
by HPLC.
3. Terminology
1.2 The individual furanic compounds that may be identi-
fied and quantified include the following:
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde 3.1.1 adsorbent, n—the stationary phase in solid-phase ex-
furfuryl alcohol
traction; silica is used as the adsorbent in this test method.
2-furaldehyde
2-acetylfuran
3.1.2 extract, n—the liquid phase of a liquid/liquid extrac-
5-methyl-2-furaldehyde
tion containing the compound that has been extracted and that
1.3 The direct injection method generally has a higher limit
will be analyzed.
of detection, especially for furfuryl alcohol. Greater interfer-
3.1.3 liquid/liquid extraction, n—the preparative step of
ence for furfuryl alcohol may be expected when using the
extraction by mixing nonpolar test specimen with polar solvent
direct injection method as opposed to extraction methods.
to preferentially partition and concentrate polar compounds of
1.4 This test method has been used to successfully test for interest from an insulating liquid test specimen.
furanic compounds in mineral insulating oil, silicone fluid,
3.1.4 mobile phase, n—the carrier liquid phase in an HPLC
high fire point electrical insulating oils of mineral origin,
analytical system used to transfer the prepared test specimen to
askarels, and perchloroethylene-based dielectric fluids.
and through the analytical column and detector; the composi-
tion of the mobile phase affects elution time and separation of
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
analytes.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1.5 solid phase extraction (SPE), n—a preparative step
based on column chromatography, where intermolecular inter-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
actions between adsorbent, solvent, and test specimen compo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nents are optimized to effect retention of analytes on a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
solid-phase extraction cartridge, followed by solvent elution
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
from the extraction cartridge.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D27.03 on Analytical Tests. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5837 – 12. DOI: Available from IEC, IEC Central Office, 3 rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131,
10.1520/D5837-15. CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5837 − 12 D5837 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-
1
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination in electrical insulating liquids of products of the degradation of cellulosic
materials such as paper, pressboard, and cotton materials typically found as insulating materials in electrical equipment. These
degradation products are substituted furan derivatives, commonly referred to as furanic compounds or furans. This test method
allows either liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction (SPE) of the furanic compounds from the sample matrix followed by analysis
for specific furanic compounds by HPLC or direct injection for analysis of specific furanic compounds by HPLC.
1.2 The individual furanic compounds that may be identified and quantified include the following:
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde
furfuryl alcohol
2-furaldehyde
2-acetylfuran
5-methyl-2-furaldehyde
1.3 The direct injection method generally has a higher limit of detection, especially for furfuryl alcohol. Greater interference
for furfuryl alcohol may be expected when using the direct injection method as opposed to extraction methods.
1.4 This test method has been used to successfully test for furanic compounds in mineral insulating oil, silicone fluid, high fire
point electrical insulating oils of mineral origin, askarels, and perchloroethylene-based dielectric fluids.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
2.2 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard:
3
Method 1198 Furanic Compounds Analysis in Mineral Oil Insulating Oil
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 adsorbent, n—the stationary phase in solid-phase extraction; silica is used as the adsorbent in this test method.
3.1.2 extract, n—the liquid phase of a liquid/liquid extraction containing the compound that has been extracted and that will be
analyzed.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.03
on Analytical Tests.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2015. Published February 2012October 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
D5837 – 99D5837 – 12.(2005). DOI: 10.1520/D5837-12.10.1520/D5837-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from IEC, IEC Central Office, 3 rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5837 − 15
3.1.3 liquid/liquid extraction, n—the preparative step of extraction by mixing nonpolar test specimen with polar solvent to
preferentially partition and concentrate polar compounds of interest from an insulating liquid test specimen.
3.1.4 mobile phase, n—the carrier liquid phase in an HPLC analytical system used to transfer the prepared test specimen to and
through the analytical column and detector; the composition of the mobile phase affects elution time and separation of analytes.
3.1.5 solid phase extraction (SPE), n—a preparative step based on column chromatography, where intermolecular interactions
between adsorbent
...
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